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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Of the different deposition parameters, the substrate temperature Ts has a profound effect on the microstructure and optoelectronic properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). A detailed study was done to evaluate a-Si:H materials deposited at high substrate temperatures (≥325 °C). Their characteristics and nature of light induced degradation were compared to a-Si:H deposited at 200 °C. Electrical properties were studied with coplanar electrode structure as well as on Schottky barrier devices. Absorption measurements in the visible and infrared regions and spin-density measurements were carried out. For high Ts (≥325 °C) the presence of acceptorlike defects are indicated in addition to the neutral dangling bonds. Annealing recovery from the light soaked state is slower as compared to a film deposited at 200 °C. The results have been discussed in connection with the role of hydrogen motion in the annealing of light induced defects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 2063-2069 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper describes the systematic studies carried out to characterize the controlled clearance piston gauge in the pneumatic pressure region up to 5.09 MPa by measuring its fall rate as a function of the jacket pressure (Pj) using different working fluids such as argon, nitrogen, helium, and hydrogen. It is also observed that a small ambient temperature fluctuation does not affect the overall uncertainty in the measured pressure. A relatively better reproducibility in the stall jacket pressure (Pz) values is obtained for helium and hydrogen as compared to that of argon and nitrogen; therefore it is shown that helium can also be used in addition to the commonly used nitrogen in the pneumatic pressure region. But the use of helium requires a higher value of Pj compared to that of nitrogen in order to get a good floating condition of the gauge. In addition, a detailed study is reported of the effective area of the simple piston gauge with different working fluids used during the calibration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 3681-3688 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The formation of intermetallics in copper–tin bimetallic couples has been studied from room temperature to 183 °C by measuring the evolution of contact resistance and composite electrical resistance with time and temperature in order to assess the kinetic behavior of the system. X-ray diffractogram (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies have also been performed on the samples. As regards bulk diffusion, copper diffuses interstitially into tin rapidly at room temperature with the formation of η'-Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound. Further diffusion through this phase as evaluated by composite electrical resistivity measurements is given by 0.40 eV, assuming a model of defect-assisted diffusion into the grains. The grain-boundary diffusion is found to occur with an activation energy of 0.78 eV as estimated from contact resistivity measurements. SEM confirms the presence of grain-boundary diffusion of tin in copper, whereas XRD and TEM measurements indicate the growth of η' intermetallics at room temperature which exists up to 90 °C when it transforms to the ε-Cu3Sn phase. The presence of tin whiskers on the tin surface has also been occasionally observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 81.15.Cd ; 72.80.-r ; 72.80.Ng
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Hydrogenated amorphous silicon nitride films have been deposited by the rf magnetron sputtering method with non-stoichiometric and stoichiometric compositions using a poly-Si target and a mixture of Ar, H2 and N2 as the sputtering gas. Data on optical and infrared absorption, electrical conductivity, breakdown voltage, capacitance measurements and thermal evolution of hydrogen have been presented as a function of nitrogen concentration in the films, especially in the stoichiometric region of composition. Attempts have been made to identify the roles of hydrogen and nitrogen in determining the electrical and optical properties and thermal stability exhibited by the films. Properties relevant for device application of the material have been shown to be comparable to those obtained by glow discharge or electron cyclotron resonance plasma chemical vapour deposition methods of deposition. RF magnetron sputtering has therefore been suggested as a viable alternative to the more widely adopted CVD methods for device applications of silicon nitride, where the use of hazardous process gases can be avoided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Materials and structures 8 (1975), S. 203-210 
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les concepteurs d'ouvrages en béton armé ont souvent éprouvé quelques doutes quant à la durabilité des armatures d'acier dans le béton léger structurel. Le problème devient plus préoccupant avec la raréfaction des granulats naturels et l'exigence pressante d'utiliser les granufats de déchets industriels. Les études de corrosion impliquent nécessairement le long terme mais l'on expose ici les résultats intermédiaires obtenus après deux années d'exposition en atmosphère industrielle en vue d'étudier la durabilité des armatures d'acier enrobées de schiste expansé. On a examiné les influences de l'épaisseur d'enrobage du dosage en ciment et du remplacement partiel de granulats fins lègers par du sable naturel. Il a été constaté que le faïençage de la surface des éprouvettes augmentait avec le dosage en ciment et la quantité de fines: que la perméabilité relative du béton, déterminée par l'essai d'absorption d'alcool en 24 heures diminuait avec l'augmentation en ciment; que le remplacement par du sable des 2/3 en poids de fines réduisait la permèabilité de quelque 50% pour des dosages en ciment de 260 kg/m3 et moins. La profondeur de carbonatation a été déterminée en vaporisant de la phénol-phtaléine sur des éprouvettes rompues et là encore on constate une diminution avec l'augmentation du dosage en ciment. La présence de sable réduit la profondeur de la carbonatation et on a constaté que celle-ci ne pénétrait pas, après une exposition de deux ans, pour toutes les compositions de béton léger comprenant des ciments d'au moins 360 kg/m3, et pour toutes les compositions avec sable dosées avec des ciments d'au moins 260 kg/m3. Les résultats montrent que la perméabilité relative et le dosage en ciment sont les deux principaux facteurs qui agissent sur la profondeur de la carbonation dans le béton et, par conséquent, sur les progrès de la corrosion de l'acier enrobé. Dans le béton léger structurel, une épaisseur d'enrobage de l'acier équivalente à la dimension maximale de granulats+5 mm est recommandée, étant donné que la présence d'un élément important de granulat pourrait ménager un «raccourci» à la progression du front de carbonatation. Aucuns signes de corrosion n'ont été cependant décelés après deux ans d'exposition en atmosphère industrielle.
    Notes: Abstract Interim results of a long-term investigation on the durability of steel reinforcement embedded in expanded slate structural lightweight concrete are reported. The influence of concrete cover, cement content and of partial replacement of lightweight fines with natural sand was studied. Surface crazing was found to increase with cement content and increasing fine particles. The carbonation depth, and the relative permeability measured by alcohol absorption, were found to decrease with increasing cement content. Inclusion of natural sand in the mix reduced the permeability and the penetration of the carbonation front into the concrete. No instance of damage due to corsosion was found in embedded steel reinforcement after two year's exposure to industrial atmosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 4 (1985), S. 71-74 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1981), S. 189-203 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The optical and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of barium borate glasses, containing the oxides of V, Fe and Cu separately and in mixed proportions, have been studied. The optical spectra of the single transition metal (TM) oxide glasses showed the usual features, while those for the mixed glasses showed single bands without showing individual features of the single TM oxide glasses. However, the linear plots of optical density against composition revealed the presence of two valence states for each TM element, and this was confirmed by ESR results as well. The ESR spectra of the mixed glasses showed a complicated interaction pattern for two different TM ions, in comparison with those of the glasses containing a single TM ion. For the Fe-V glasses, the progressively vanishing hyperfine structure of the VO2+ complex with increasing addition of iron oxide is discussed in terms of nuclear spin relaxation, cross-relaxation between two spin systems and spin diffusion within the vanadium spin system. The covalency of the VO2+ complex and the number of distorted Fe3+ ions were found to decrease with increasing addition of Fe2O3 replacing V2O5. Similar features were noted for the Cu-V glasses; the spectra of Cu-Fe glass also showed a strong interaction between two different TM ions. It has been suggested that all the possible four valence states (for a given mixed glass) from two different TM elements are present, and that pairing of two different TM ions from two dissimilar TM elements occurs, facilitating the formation of “associates” (e.g. V4+-O-Fe3+).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 22 (1987), S. 3602-3606 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The d.c. conductivity measurements have been made in a wide range of temperature on a basalt glass heat-treated at different temperatures to form magnetite particles. Small polaron hopping mechanism is operative in the as-annealed glass between Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in the isolated state. This mechanism is operative in the heat-treated samples between these ions in the magnetite grains. The d.c. conductivity at 473 K and the activation energy show significant changes around 700° C, when magnetite forms in the basalt glass, which has been correlated with the magnetic data on these samples. TSPC and TSDC data are interesting, but the data analysis is complicated by the possible occurrence of Verwey transition in the small particles of magnetite. Preliminary a.c. conductivity data support the small polaron hopping mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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