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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 5 (1999), S. 344-345 
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 71 (2000), S. 363-368 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Keywords: Bleeding – Liver resection – Liver transplantation. ; Schlüsselwörter: Blutung – Leberresektion – Lebertransplantation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Blutungen bei der Leberresektion können durch entsprechende chirurgische Techniken vermieden werden. Hierzu zählen: adäquater Zugang, vasculäre Ausklemmung, kontrollierte Parenchymdurchtrennung, Vermeidung einer venösen „Überfüllung“ und sichere Versorgung der Resektionsfläche. Exzessive Blutungen bei Leberresektion und -transplantation bedingen ein erhöhtes Risiko postoperativer Komplikationen. Bei der Lebertransplantation ist der Chirurg meist mit Patienten mit chronischen Lebererkrankungen konfrontiert. Gerinnungsstörungen sind die Regel und die Operation ist anspruchsvoller durch verletzliche venösen Collateralen als Folge der portalen Hypertension. Durch extrakorporalen veno-venösen Bypass oder neuere Techniken mit Erhalt der retrohepatischen V. cava können diese Schwierigkeiten teilweise überwunden werden. Medikamente wie Aprotinin können die Fibrinolyse bei der Lebertransplantation vermindern. Chirurgische Geschicklichkeit und Erfahrung bleiben wohl die bedeutendsten Faktoren für den intraoperativen Blutverlust.
    Notes: Abstract. In liver resection, severe bleeding can be prevented by appropriate surgical techniques. These include adequate access and mobilisation, vascular occlusion, controlled dissection of the parenchyma, prevention of venous „over-filling“and secure hemostasis of the resection surface. Excessive bleeding, both in liver resection and liver transplantation, poses a major risk for the development of postoperative complications. In liver transplantation the surgeon is most often confronted with patients with chronic liver disease and portal hypertension. Coagulation disorders are the rule, and the surgery itself is more demanding because of fragile venous collaterals as a consequence of portal hypertension. With the use of extracorporeal veno-venous bypass or newer techniques with preservation of the vena cava, some of these difficulties can be overcome. Pharmacological therapies like administration of aprotinin can reduce the fibrinolysis inherent in liver transplantation. However, surgical skill and experience are probably still the most important predictors of blood loss during surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Liver transplantation ; Budd-Chiari syndrome. ; Schlüsselwörter: Lebertransplantation ; Budd-Chiari-Syndrom.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Das Budd-Chiari-Syndrom (BCS) ist eine seltene Krankheit mit Verschluß der Lebervenen, die sowohl in akuten wie auch chronischen lebensbedrohlichen Situationen durch eine orthotope Lebertransplantation behandelt werden kann. Wir berichten über 16 Patienten, die insgesamt 18 Lebertransplantate wegen eines BCS erhielten und mindestens zwei Jahre nachbeobachtet wurden. Bei 7 Patienten lag eine hämatologische Erkrankung zugrunde, die anderen Fälle blieben ätiologisch ungeklärt. Ein Patient verstarb 4 Monate nach Transplantation an einer CMV-Pneumonie, ein weiterer 2 Jahre nach Transplantation an protrahiertem Leberversagen bei Pfortaderthrombose. Die aktuarische 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate beträgt 87,5 %, die aller an unserer Institution durchgeführten 710 Transplantationen von 9/1988 bis 12/1995 liegt bei 85,3 %. Die Rezidivprophylaxe bestand aus Anticoagulation mit Heparin und überlappender Fortsetzung mit Marcumar. Drei Patienten wurden bei Thrombocytose mit Hydroxyharnstoff behandelt, davon einer lediglich für eine Woche in der Frühphase nach Transplantation. Zwei revisionsbedürftige, abdominelle Nachblutungen sind möglicherweise auf die Anticoagulation zurückzuführen. Zwei Patienten mußten retransplantiert werden, der eine wegen Teilthrombose von Leberarterie und Pfortader, nachdem Marcumar bei gastrointestinaler Blutung abgesetzt worden war, der andere wegen Rezidivverschluß der Lebervenen nach insuffizienter Marcumareinnahme. Das BCS kann erfolgreich durch eine Lebertransplantation behandelt werden, erfordert jedoch eine lebenslange, engmaschig kontrollierte Anticoagulation zur Rezidivprophylaxe.
    Notes: Summary. Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) with hepatic vein occlusion is a rare disorder that can effectively be treated in advanced stages with orthotopic liver transplantation. We report on 16 patients who received 18 liver grafts and were followed up for at least 2 years. In 7 patients a hematological disorder was confirmed by bone marrow biopsy. One patient died after 4 months due to cytomegalovirus pneumonia; another patient died after 2 years due to progressive liver failure after portal vein thrombosis. The actuarial 5-year survival rate is 87.5 % compared to 85.3 % in all other 710 orthotopic liver transplantations performed from September 1988 to December 1995 at our institution. Anticoagulation consisted of intravenous heparin and overlapping continuation with dicoumarin. Three patients received hydroxyurea for thrombocytosis, one patient for 1 week only early after the transplantation. Two postoperative abdominal hemorrhages required laparotomy. Two patients had to be retransplanted, one for thrombosis of the hepatic artery and portal vein after discontinuation of dicoumarin due to GI bleeding and one for hepatic vein thrombosis after insufficient dicoumarin intake. Terminal BCS represents a good indication for orthotopic liver transplantation; however, life-long, closely monitored anticoagulation is essential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 68 (1997), S. 159-167 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Schwannoma ; Soft tissue tumors ; Surgical therapy ; Diagnosis. ; Schlüsselwörter: Schwannom ; Weichteiltumoren ; chirurgische Therapie ; Diagnostik.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Wir berichten exemplarisch über drei Patienten, die im Zeitraum von Februar 1991 bis Oktober 1994 in unserer Klinik wegen intraabdomineller Schwannome operiert wurden. Im Fall 1 wurde ein benignes Schwannom des Magens durch Billroth-II-Resektion behandelt, Leitsymptom war eine gastrointestinale Blutung. In Fall 2 wurde ein malignes Schwannom des Duodenums mit Lebermetastase durch weite En-bloc-Tumorresektion mit retroperitonealer Lymphadenektomie und anatomischer Rechtsresektion der Leber behandelt. Eine nach 7 Monaten aufgetretene metachrone Lebermetastase wurde durch intraparenchymatöse Lasercoagulation kontrolliert, ein nach 19 Monaten aufgetretenes Lokalrezidiv erforderte eine weitere Tumorresektion. Primäres Leitsymptom war eine palpable Tumormasse. In Fall 3 wurde ein malignes Schwannom der Bauchwand auswärts in Fragmenten reseziert. Trotz postoperativer Radiatio kam es nach 6 Monaten zum Lokalrezidiv mit Leberinfiltration, welches en bloc reseziert wurde. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt bestand bereits eine beginnende Peritonealsarkomatose. Unter postoperativer Chemotherapie kam es zum raschen Tumorprogreß. Der Patient verstarb 18 Monate nach Erstoperation. Anhand der dargestellten Fälle werden Symptomatik, differentialdiagnostische Probleme und operatives Vorgehen bei benignen und malignen Schwannomen des Bauchraums erörtert.
    Notes: Summary. We report three patients who were operated on because of an intraabdominal schwannoma between February 1991 and October 1994 in our department. In the first case, a benign gastric schwannoma was treated by a distal gastric resection (Billroth II); the main symptom was gastric bleeding. In the second case, a malignant duodenal schwannoma with liver metastasis was treated by wide en-bloc resection of the tumor including retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy and an anatomical resection of the right lobe of the liver. A metachronous metastasis of the liver, appearing 7 months postoperatively, was treated by intraparenchymatous laser coagulation; a local recurrence, appearing 19 months postoperatively, led to another tumor resection. The main symptom was a palpable intraabdominal mass in this case. In the third case, a malignant schwannoma of the abdominal wall was resected in fragments in another clinic. Six months later a local recurrence with infiltration of the liver appeared in spite of postoperative radiation and was resected en bloc. Early peritoneal sarcomatosis was apparent at that time. Postoperative chemotherapy did not prevent quick progression of the tumor. The patient died 18 months after the first operation. The clinical presentation, differential diagnosis and operative strategy for benign and malignant intraabdominal schwannomas are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Keywords: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy – Iatrogenic biliary injury – Classification – Treatment. ; Schlüsselwörter: Laparoskopische Cholecystektomie – iatrogene Gallengangverletzung – Klassifikation – Therapie.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Die iatrogene Gallengangverletzung stellt eine schwerwiegende Komplikation der laparoskopischen Cholecystektomie dar. Sie umfaßt periphere Galleleckagen und Verletzungen des extrahepatischen Gallengangsystems. Ihre Incidenz ist im Vergleich zur konventionellen Cholecystektomie um das 2–3 fache erhöht. In unserem Zentrum wurden 108 Patienten wegen einer iatrogenen Gallengangläsion nach laparoskopischer Cholecystektomie behandelt. Während 68 Patienten erfolgreich endoskopisch therapiert werden konnten, war bei 34 Patienten eine chirurgische Intervention erforderlich. Bei 6 Patienten mit einem peripheren Galleleck war die alleinige percutane äußere Drainage ausreichend. Für die Gallengangverletzungen wird unter Berücksichtigung der Ätiologie, der Lokalisation und des diagnostischen Intervalls eine neue Klassifikation vorgeschlagen, aus der sich diagnostische und therapeutische Konsequenzen ableiten lassen.
    Notes: Abstract. Iatrogenic bile duct lesions are serious complications during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and include biliary leakage and major bile duct injury. The incidence of biliary lesions following laparoscopic cholecystectomy is up to threefold higher than that of the open procedure. A total of 108 patients with bile duct lesions after laparoscopic cholecystectomy were treated at our institution. Endoscopic treatment was successful in 68 cases, 6 patients were treated by external drainage, and 34 patients required surgical therapy. Selection criteria for the type of treatment included the etiology, anatomical situation, and diagnostic interval of the biliary lesion. We suggest a classification of bile duct injury and a proposal for diagnosis and treatment of these complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 5 (1999), S. 138-143 
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Maligne neuroendokrine Tumoren des Gastrointestinaltraktes sind sehr selten und werden nach funtionellen, d.h. hormonaktiven, und nicht-funktionellen Tumoren unterteilt. Durch Hormonsreening bei Vorliegen von Symptomen, Kombination von Endosonographie und Somatostatinrezeptorszintigraphie gelingt bei der Mehrzahl der Patienten ein Tumornachweis. Die verschiedenen Tumoren und ihre Therapieprinzipien werden im Folgenden näher dargestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 5 (1999), S. 515-520 
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Radikale Resektionen zentraler Gallengangskarzinome gelten als Therapieoption mit den günstigsten Langzeitergebnissen, können aber derzeit nur bei etwa 20% der Patienten mit einem kurativen Ansatz zur Anwendung kommen [6, 8]. Auch wenn zentrale Gallengangskarzinome eher spät im Verlauf der Tumorprogression zu einer Fernmetastasierung neigen, werden Versuche einer kurativen Resektion häufig durch eine ausgedehnte longitudinale und auch laterale lokale Tumorinfiltration beeinträchtigt. Die Diagnosestellung erfolgt in der Regel erst mit dem Auftreten eines Ikterus, der aufgrund der detergenten Galleeigenschaften, die einen Abfluß auch durch feinste oder obstruierte Lumina gestattet, als Spätmanifestation anzusehen ist [19].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Liver transplantation, Budd-Chiari syndrome ; Hemoglobinuria, liver transplantation ; Budd-Chiari syndrome, liver transplantation ; PNH, Budd-Chiari syndrome, liver transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 54-year-old male patient with end-stage liver failure from Budd-Chiari syndrome due to paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) underwent liver transplantation (OLT) in 1989. Retransplantation became necessary 1 year later when thrombotic occlusion of the portal vein and common hepatic artery led to graft loss after withdrawal of anticoagulation therapy because of several gastrointestinal bleeding episodes. The patient is now alive 3 years after the first OLT. To the best of our knowledge and according to the literature, this is, to date, the longest that any PNH patient has survived after liver transplantation. Although the course of this patient was complicated in a way similar to that reported for other cases in the literature, patients with PNH should not, in principle, be excluded from liver transplantation. Lifelong anticoagulation with coumarin and the use of steroids together with cyclosporin reduce the risk of recurrent thrombosis and PNH crises.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Hepatitis B ; Liver transplantation ; Lamivudine ; Interferon ; Resistance ; Combination therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Development of resistance is a major issue in antiviral treatment of hepatitis B reinfection after liver transplantation. Antiviral combination therapy is discussed for therapy or prevention of this breakthrough of viral replication. Eight patients were enrolled into this retrospective analysis after liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis B infection. All had reinfection of the graft and breakthrough of HBV during consecutive famciclovir and lamivudine monotherapy. Subsequently a combination therapy with lamivudine and interferon-α 2 a (group I, n = 4) or lamivudine and famciclovir (group II, n = 4) was initiated. Combination therapy was started 61 months (group I) and 25 months (group II) after liver transplantation. It markedly reduced the viral replication rate in all patients despite lamivudine resistance. In group I three of four patients and in group II two of four patients became HBV-DNA negative. Two long-term responders were observed in group I, and none in group II. No patient became HBsAg negative or lost HbeAg. Pretreatment elevated ALT and AST levels were significantly reduced. No severe complications, and especially no rejection episodes, occurred. Lamivudine in combination with other antiviral agents, especially interferon-α, might be a therapeutic option for hepatitis B reinfection after liver transplantation. Suppression of virus replication to the point of undetectable values is possible even in patients with lamivudine-resistant virus mutations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Tolerance introduction ; Chronic graft dysfunction ; Second renal allograft ; TH1/TH2 shift
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a previous experiment we demonstrated the induction of tolerance by the allograft itself. In this model of weak histoincompatibility, second grafts of donor origin replacing chronically rejected first renal allografts were accepted long term. Additionally grafted donor-specific hearts functioned indefinitely while adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated the development of donor-specific transferable tolerance. In the current experiment we compared intragraft gene expression of chronically rejected first and tolerant second grafts by RT-PCR. Second renal allografts of donor origin (F-344) replaced first grafts 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after the initial engraftment. No immunosuppression was used during second engraftment. Grafts were followed by serial proteinuria; morphological and immunohistological studies (APAAP/infiltrating cells, ICAM-1, MHC II expression) and competitive RT-PCR analyses (expressed as arbitary units AU/cDNA) for relevant cells and cytokines (CD-3, IFNγ, IL-10, and IL-4) were assessed by the end of the observation period (16 weeks). Macrophages/monocytes (ED-1 + ) and T-cells (CD-5 and CD-4 + ) infiltrated first allografts in high numbers by 12 weeks associated with strong structural signs of chronic graft rejection (ca. 30 % arterio- and glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis). Cellular infiltrates in second grafts were prominent, however significantly reduced, while histological changes were minor. At cDNA levels, CD-3 transcripts were elevated in second renal allografts performed 2, 4, and 8 weeks after the initial engraftment while comparable levels were observed when second engraftment was performed after 12 and 16 weeks. Analyses of relevant cytokines demonstrated a TH1/TH2 shift independent from the time interval between first and second engraftment. These results emphasize the role of alloresponsiveness for the development of chronic graft dysfunction. Mechanisms of tolerance induction in our model are associated with a distinct alloresponsive pattern. A crucial role for regulatory T-cells is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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