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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of histamine1 and histamine2 receptors in the ethanol-induced jejunal plasma protein loss (1992)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 35 (1992), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Histamine and other mediators have been shown to be involved in the ethanol-induced jejunal plasma protein loss. In this study we have investigated whether the histamine (H)-related component of this protein loss is mediated by H1-receptors, H2-receptors or both. Four groups of dogs (n=12 in each) were studied. They were: untreated, H1+H2-receptor blockade, H1-receptor blockade and H2-receptor blockade. Chlorpheniramine and ranitidine were used to block H1 and H2-receptor blockade. Chlorpheniramine and ranitidine were used to block H1 and H2-receptors respectively. In all animals, jejunal protein loss was measured over 10 min periods for 90 min. Ethanol increased protein loss in all time periods (p〈0.001). This protein loss was depressed by H1+H2-receptors blockade throughout 90 min (p〈0.01). H1-receptor blockade caused a similar depression of ethanol effect but only during 20 to 40 min (p〈0.05). In contrast, H2-receptor blockade aggravated the protein losing effect of ethanol throughout 90 min (p〈0.01). Analyses of data tend to suggest that the ethanol-induced protein loss is mediated principally by H1-receptors, and that a complete inhibition of the histamine-related ethanol-induced protein loss can be achieved only by a simultaneous blockade of both H1 and H2- receptors, and not by H1- or H2-receptor blockade alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01997495
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol-induced inhibition of glucose transport across the isolated brush-border membrane of hamster jejunum (1981)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 26 (1981), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acute exposure of jejunal mucosa to ethanol has been reported to produce a depression of transmural glucose transport across this organin vitro andin vivo. In an attempt to understand the mechanism of action of ethanol on intestinal transport, in the present study we have investigated the effect of ethanol on glucose uptake by purified brush-border membrane vesicles of hamster jejunum. Ethanol, in concentrations found in man after moderate drinking (1–5% w/v), was found to depress glucose uptake by the brush-border membrane in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Mannose was used to measure nonspecific uptake, and we found that the ethanol-induced depression of glucose uptake was not related to an alteration of the nonspecific uptake of this sugar. The inhibition of glucose uptake of the ethanol-treated membranes completely disappeared after repeated washing of the membranes with ethanol-free buffer. Accordingly, the ethanol-induced depression of glucose uptake was not the result of irreversible damage to membrane proteins but was related to a direct effect of ethanol on the brush-border membrane. On the basis of these findings, it is concluded that a direct interference with glucose translocation across the brush border plays an important role in the ethanol-induced depression of transmural jejunal glucose absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01307972
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indium-111-labeled autologous leukocyte imaging and fecal excretion (1987)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 32 (1987), S. 377-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: indium-111 ; leukocyte ; imaging in inflammatory bowel disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the role of111In-labeled leukocyte imaging and fecal excretion in the assessment of inflammatory bowel disease. We compared these tests to various indices of disease activity in Crohn's disease, to Truelove's grading in ulcerative colitis, and to endoscopy, x-ray, and pathology in both diseases. Eleven controls, 16 patients with Crohn's disease, 13 with ulcerative colitis, and 3 with other types of acute bowel inflammation were studied (positive controls). Indium scanning was performed at 1,4, and 24 hr. Fourteen of 16 patients with active Crohn's disease had positive scans but in only five was localization accurate. One patient had inactive ulcerative colitis, and the scan was negative. Of 12 patients with active ulcerative colitis, 10 had positive scans but disease localization was accurate in only four. Disease extent was correctly defined in 1 of the 3 Positive Controls. There was no significant difference in the accuracy of scanning at 1,4 or 24 hr.111In fecal excretion was significantly higher in patients with inflammatory bowel disease than in controls, and there was correlation between111In fecal excretion and most of the indices of disease activity in Crohn's disease. In ulcerative colitis,111In fecal excretion did not correlate with Truelove's grading but reflected colonoscopic assessment of severity. In conclusion,111In-labeled leukocyte scanning lacks sensitivity with respect to disease extent, but fecal excretion of111In correlates well with disease severity as determined by other methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01296291
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laboratory assessment of inflammatory bowel disease (1987)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 32 (1987), S. S26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: infection ; disease activity ; nutritional state ; malabsorption ; Crohn's disease activity indices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Presently there are no specific laboratory tests to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Nonspecific tests to differentiate diarrhea due to mucosal injury from that occurring in patients with normal bowel mucosa (eg, fecal occult blood, leukocytes, etc) are not helpful. Tests to exclude infectious agents are very important, since the clinical and radiological appearance of these may mimic IBD, and patients with IBD may suffer from superinfection. There are no laboratory tests which can differentiate Crohn's colitis from ulcerative colitis (UC). The tests used in the assessment and management of severely ill patients (Hgb, WBC, electrolytes, etc) are important, since abnormalities need to be corrected on an ongoing basis. The tests used to assess nutritional status are of little clinical value, since “clinical assessment” is as good as the laboratory assessment. Estimation of disease activity by tests is rarely better than the juudgment of the clinician. Workup for malabsorption in Crohn's disease and the assessment of absorptive capacity of the terminal ileum are important for proper planning of management. Laboratory tests are also useful in clarifying the nature of some complications (eg, anemias and joint diseases).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01312461
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of ethanol on cytoplasmic peptidases of the jejunal epithelial cell of the hamster (1984)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 29 (1984), S. 46-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although ethanol has been reported to inhibit intestinal amino acid absorption and peptide hydrolysis by the brush border membrane (BBM) peptidases, its effect on other events of protein absorption (such as peptide hydrolysis by cytosol peptidases, absorption of peptides across the BBM, and translocation of amino acids across the basolaterial membrane) has not yet been reported. To obtain a better understanding of the overall effect of ethanol on intestinal protein absorption, in the present study we have investigated the influence of ethanol on the cytosol peptidases. In order to examine the activity of these enzymes, without the influence of brush border digestion and translocation of peptides, the present study was carried outin vitro using a preparation of cytosol peptidases. Results show that exposure of the enzymes to 1–5% (w/v) ethanol caused a dose-dependent inhibition of hydrolysis ofl-leucylglylcine (Leu-Gly), glycyl-l-tyrosine (Gly-Tyr), andl-phenylalanylglycine (Phe-Gly) by the cytosol peptidases. These inhibitions were completely reversible. Kinetic studies indicated that ethanol depressed the hydrolysis of Leu-Gly and Gly-Tyr by a mixed type of inhibition, in which theV max decreased and theK m increased. In the hydrolysis of Phe-Gly, two enzymes were involved, and ethanol depressed theV max of both, without affecting theirK m. These findings suggest that ethanol alters only the catalytic center of both enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of Phe-Gly and alters both the catalytic center and the substrate binding site of the enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of Leu-Gly and Gly-Tyr. The results of this study together with those of our previous investigation on BBM peptidases indicate that ethanol interferes with the intestinal hydrolysis of peptides and, therefore, probably with the absorption of protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01296861
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of ethanol on intestinal glucose and water absorption (1977)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 22 (1977), S. 529-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were performed to investigate whether the inhibitory effect of ethanol on intestinal glucose transport is related to its action on the brush border or on the ATPase-dependent sodium pump of the basolateral membrane, of the enterocyte. We compared the effect of ethanol on glucose and water transport when it was added either to the mucosal or to the serosal solution of anin vitro preparation of hamster jejunum. The purpose of the addition of ethanol to the serosal solution was to mimic a situation similar to that produced when ouabain is placed on the serosal side to inhibit the ATPase-dependent sodium pump at the basolateral membrane. The presence of 450 mM ethanol (2.07%) in the mucosal solution depressed glucose and water transport by 40 and 63%, respectively, but the presence of the same concentration of ethanol on the serosal side had no effect on glucose and water absorption. These findings seem to indicate that the depressing effect of ethanol in intestinal glucose and water transport cannot be ascribed to the inhibition of the Na+, K+-sensitive ATPase-dependent sodium pump located at the basolateral membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01072506
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A syndrome of acute self-limiting ulcerative esophagitis in young adults probably due to herpes simplex virus (1979)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 24 (1979), S. 535-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Five healthy young adults developed an acute self-limiting ulcerative esophagitis. Two had definite evidence of herpes virus being present and a third one had appropriate changes in herpes simplex viral titer. All cases followed a characteristic and similar course consisting of sudden onset of odynophagia, multiple discrete small ulcers in the esophagus and herpetiform lesions elsewhere in the skin or mouth. Although most previous reports of herpes esophagitis indicate that it is an “opportunistic” infection in debilitated hosts, the present report indicates that this infection, in patients who are otherwise well, may occur more frequently than one would have previously suspected. Therefore herpes simplex virus should be considered as a possible etiological agent in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with a sudden onset of odynophagia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01489322
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Villous damage induced by suction biopsy and by acute ethanol intake in normal human small intestine (1980)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 25 (1980), S. 513-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies by us indicated that ethanol in concentrations of 2.0–4.8% produced subepithelial blebs in the jejunum of the hamster. In the rat, due to rupture of the blebs, there was denudation of the villus tip epithelium. There are no similar data on humans. Ethanol, in quantities equivalent to 4.8–6.4 ounces of 80 proof whiskey (diluted to 20% w/v), was infused into stomachs of 20 normal human volunteers. Subjects were divided into groups (Gr) according to the amount or type of alcohol given, and the site of biopsies (SB). Gr 1∶60 g ethanol, SB=jejunum. Gr 2∶45 g ethanol, SB=jejunum. Gr 3∶45 g ethanol, SB=duodenum. Gr 4∶45 g ethanol as 4.8 oz 80 proof whiskey, SB=duodenum. To compare the morphology in the absence and presence of ethanol, biopsies were obtained from each volunteer before ethanol administration (control period). immediately after peak ethanol concentration in the duodenum or jejunum (ethanol period), and when intraluminal ethanol concentration fell towards zero (recovery period). The mean peak intraluminal ethanol concentrations in the four groups varied between 5.69% and 9.37% (w/v). Ethanol-induced damage was evaluated using strict preset criteria. Coded slides were evaluated by two observers. Suction biopsy damaged 18% of the villi even in biopsies obtained during the control period. Ethanol produced a statistically significant increase in the number of damaged villi (mean of all groups 45%, range∶32% in Gr 2 to 62% in Gr 3). During the recovery period the number of damaged villi fell to that seen in control period biopsies. Ethanol, in quantities equivalent to those ingested during moderate drinking, may produce transient damage to the upper small intestine of man. Conversely, ethanol may simply increase the susceptibility of the mucosa to the unavoidable trauma of suction biopsy. However, the histological and ultrastructural changes were similar to those induced by ethanol in small laboratory animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01315213
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vasculature of various locations of canine gastrointestinal tract responds differently to intravenous isoproterenol (1988)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 33 (1988), S. 1418-1424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: intravenous isoproterenol ; splanchnic ; nonsplanchnic blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this study we investigated the relative vascular response of different locations of the gastrointestinal tract to continuous intravenous infusion of isoproterenol (0.1 μgkg−1 min−1 for 10 min). The vascular response of some nonsplanchnic organs was also examined. Blood flow of the arteries was measured by electromagnetic flowmetry and that of the tissues by 15-μm microspheres. Isoproterenol increased (P〈0.05) blood flow of the axillary artery (+52%), and the superior mesenteric artery (+45%), but not that of the inferior mesenteric artery. In the nongastrointestinal tissues, isoproterenol increased (P〈0.05) the blood flow of the left (+46%), and right ventricle (+85%), and the skeletal muscle (+100%). In the gastrointestinal tract, isoproterenol increased (P〈0.05) blood flow in the esophagogastric junction (+505%) and antrum (+1511%) only, but not in the gastric body or in any location of the small or large intestine. The drug also caused a large fall in resistance in the esophagogastric junction (−74%) and antrum (−94%), and a small, but significant fall in the duodenum, jejunum, and in the mid-small intestine. It had no significant effect on vascular resistance in the gastric body, ileum, or colon. In those locations of the gastrointestinal tract where isoproterenol caused an increase in blood flow, this effect was confined to the combined mucosal plus submucosal layer, and the drug had no effect on the muscularis. These data suggest that different locations of the gastrointestinal tract respond differently to the same circulating concentration of isoproterenol. The mechanism of this difference in response merits further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01536997
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The physiologic significance of intraluminal pressure changes in relation to propulsion and absorption in the human jejunum (1968)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 13 (1968), S. 234-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary For a study of the effect of motility on the propulsion and absorption of the luminal contents in a 25-cm. segment of human jejunum, a method was devised that allowed simultaneous recording of intraluminal pressure changes, determination of transit time by indicator-dilution technics, and assessment of the absorption of glucose and xylose under basal conditions. The motility of the segment of jejunum under study influenced the speed of propulsion of the intraluminal contents. The motility and the transit time were not influenced by the presence of a constant infusion of an isotonic solution at 37° C and a rate of 10 ml./min. Increased motility per minute resulted in shorter transit times. More physiologically significant than the quantitative values were the patterns of motility. The caudad propagation of waves and the extent of the propagation—regardless of wave type—produced shortening of the transit time. The shortest transit times were obtained in experiments during which caudad propagation of motility involved the entire segment under study. Glucose was almost completely absorbed by the time it reached the sampling point. A significant correlation was observed between the values of xylose absorption and transit time, suggesting that longer exposure to the intestinal mucosa increases xylose absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02236598
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