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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 45 (1938), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 1 (1967), S. 75-86 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les quatrième et cinquième vertèbres lombaires sont prélevées post-mortem chez des sujets humains, âgés de 26 à 86 ans, et des échantillons de crête iliaque sont collectés simultanément pour établir histologiquement la densité des travées osseuses (index de la crête iliaque). Après avoir enlevé les pédicules et les apophyses épineuses, les vertèbres sont compressées dans une machine pour tester la résistance mécanique. Les valeurs suivantes sont déterminées: force de rupture (en poids par unité de surface au moment de la rupture), effort de rupture (en pourcentage de déformation) et contenu relatif en cendres (en cendres par unité de volume). L'effort de rupture est indépendant de la taille et de la force des vertèbres. Le contenu relatif en cendres et l'index de la crête iliaque sont en rapports étroits. Le contenu relatif en cendres et la force de rupture diminuent en fonction de l'âge, mais ce rapport n'est pas linéaire, car la force de rupture chute plus rapidement que le contenu en cendres. L'équation d'Euler pour une force courbe appliquée à une colonne chargée explique facilement comment, dans l'ostéoporose, la réduction de diamètre des travées verticales et la perte des attaches transversales sont responsables de la perte de force proportionellement plus élevée que la perte de tissu osseux. Les résultats ne permettent pas de supposer que, dans l'ostéoporose, la qualité du tissu osseux est altérée.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die vierten und fünften Lumbalwirbelknochen wurden von Obduktionen menschlicher Leichen innerhalb der Altersgrenzen von 26 und 86 Jahren gewonnen. Gleichzeitig wurden Proben von der Beckenschaufel entnommen, um Maßstäbe für die Bälkchendichte festzulegen (Beckenschaufelzahl). Nach Entfernung der Ansätze und Dornfortsätze wurden die Wirbelknochen in einer Prüfungsmaschine komprimiert, um mechanisches Versagen zu bestimmen. Folgende Werte wurden erhalten: Bruchbelastung (Gewicht pro Einheitsfläche bei Bruch), Beanspruchung (Prozentsatz von Deformation) bei Bruch und relativer Aschegehalt (Asche pro Einheitsvolumen). Die Beanspruchung bei Bruch war unabhängig von Größe und Stärke der Wirbelknochen. Zwischen dem relativen Aschegehalt und der Beckenschaufelzahl bestand eine enge Verbindung. Der relative Aschegehalt und die Bruchbelastung wurden mit fortschreitendem Alter kleiner, jedoch war die Beziehung zwischen diesen beiden Faktoren nicht linear, da die Bruchbelastung rascher als der Aschegehalt abnahm. MitEulers Gleichung für die Verbiegungsbelastung einer geladenen Säule läßt sich leicht erklären, auf welche Weise bei der Osteoporose die Reduktion des Durchmessers der Wirbeltrabekeln und der Verlust der transversen Verbindungen einen verhältnismäßig größeren Stärkeverlust hervorruft, als durch Verlust von Knochengewebe erklärt werden kann. Die Ergebnisse geben keinen Anlaß zu der Vermutung, daß bei der Osteoporose die Qualität des Knochengewebes eine Veränderung erfährt.
    Notes: Abstract Fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae were obtained at post mortem examinations of human subjects in the range 26 to 86 years and at the same time specimens were taken from the iliac crests for histological assessment of trabecular density (iliac crest score). After removal of pedicles and spinous processes the vertebrae were compressed in a testing machine to mechanical failure. The following values were obtained; breaking stress (load per unit area at failure), strain (percentage deformation) at failure and relative ash content (ash per unit volume). Strain at failure was independent of the size and strength of the vertebrae. The relative ash content and the iliac crest score were closely correlated. The relative ash content and the breaking stress both declined with increasing age, but the relation between them was not linear since the breaking stress fell more quickly than the ash content. Euler's equation for the buckling stress of a loaded column readily explains how in osteoporosis the reduction of the diameter of the vertical trabeculae and the loss of transverse ties cause loss of strength proportionately greater than the loss of osseous tissue. The results give no reason to suppose that in osteoporosis the quality of the osseous tissue is changed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 191 (1961), S. 1184-1185 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 shows the calorimeter, in which the temperature-sensing elements comprise four thermistors, two reference thermistors situated in the body of the apparatus to ensure that they remain at constant temperature and a further pair of thermistors embedded in the surface of the adsorbent under ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 37 (1971), S. 385-400 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A study was made of the action of fatty acids onCandida tropicalis growing on hydrocarbon substrates at pH 4.0. It was shown that straight-chain acids are metabolized by the organism as long as their concentration in the aqueous phase remains below a certain level which is designated the “critical concentration”. Below this concentration their only effect is to lengthen the lag phase, while above it, growth is completely suppressed. The critical concentrations of the acids in the aqueous phase diminish logarithmically with increasing chain length. Acids with a higher molecular weight than undecanoic acid do not exist in a critical concentration at pH 4.0, owing to the fact that at this pH their in the aqueous phase is too low. Unlike straight-chain acids, branched-chain acids reduce the growth rate of the yeast at concentrations below the critical concentration. However, their critical concentrations are always higher than those observed for the straight-chain acid containing the same number of carbon atoms. The critical concentrations rise with the increasing proximity of the branching to the polar group, and with the increasing size of the side-chain. It was shown that when acids are attacked by this organism, the attack occurs primarily at the acid end of the molecule and very little ω-oxidation occurs. The presence of a methyl, or other group, in the α-position almost completely prevents the metabolism of the acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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