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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 1 (1967), S. 75-86 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les quatrième et cinquième vertèbres lombaires sont prélevées post-mortem chez des sujets humains, âgés de 26 à 86 ans, et des échantillons de crête iliaque sont collectés simultanément pour établir histologiquement la densité des travées osseuses (index de la crête iliaque). Après avoir enlevé les pédicules et les apophyses épineuses, les vertèbres sont compressées dans une machine pour tester la résistance mécanique. Les valeurs suivantes sont déterminées: force de rupture (en poids par unité de surface au moment de la rupture), effort de rupture (en pourcentage de déformation) et contenu relatif en cendres (en cendres par unité de volume). L'effort de rupture est indépendant de la taille et de la force des vertèbres. Le contenu relatif en cendres et l'index de la crête iliaque sont en rapports étroits. Le contenu relatif en cendres et la force de rupture diminuent en fonction de l'âge, mais ce rapport n'est pas linéaire, car la force de rupture chute plus rapidement que le contenu en cendres. L'équation d'Euler pour une force courbe appliquée à une colonne chargée explique facilement comment, dans l'ostéoporose, la réduction de diamètre des travées verticales et la perte des attaches transversales sont responsables de la perte de force proportionellement plus élevée que la perte de tissu osseux. Les résultats ne permettent pas de supposer que, dans l'ostéoporose, la qualité du tissu osseux est altérée.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die vierten und fünften Lumbalwirbelknochen wurden von Obduktionen menschlicher Leichen innerhalb der Altersgrenzen von 26 und 86 Jahren gewonnen. Gleichzeitig wurden Proben von der Beckenschaufel entnommen, um Maßstäbe für die Bälkchendichte festzulegen (Beckenschaufelzahl). Nach Entfernung der Ansätze und Dornfortsätze wurden die Wirbelknochen in einer Prüfungsmaschine komprimiert, um mechanisches Versagen zu bestimmen. Folgende Werte wurden erhalten: Bruchbelastung (Gewicht pro Einheitsfläche bei Bruch), Beanspruchung (Prozentsatz von Deformation) bei Bruch und relativer Aschegehalt (Asche pro Einheitsvolumen). Die Beanspruchung bei Bruch war unabhängig von Größe und Stärke der Wirbelknochen. Zwischen dem relativen Aschegehalt und der Beckenschaufelzahl bestand eine enge Verbindung. Der relative Aschegehalt und die Bruchbelastung wurden mit fortschreitendem Alter kleiner, jedoch war die Beziehung zwischen diesen beiden Faktoren nicht linear, da die Bruchbelastung rascher als der Aschegehalt abnahm. MitEulers Gleichung für die Verbiegungsbelastung einer geladenen Säule läßt sich leicht erklären, auf welche Weise bei der Osteoporose die Reduktion des Durchmessers der Wirbeltrabekeln und der Verlust der transversen Verbindungen einen verhältnismäßig größeren Stärkeverlust hervorruft, als durch Verlust von Knochengewebe erklärt werden kann. Die Ergebnisse geben keinen Anlaß zu der Vermutung, daß bei der Osteoporose die Qualität des Knochengewebes eine Veränderung erfährt.
    Notes: Abstract Fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae were obtained at post mortem examinations of human subjects in the range 26 to 86 years and at the same time specimens were taken from the iliac crests for histological assessment of trabecular density (iliac crest score). After removal of pedicles and spinous processes the vertebrae were compressed in a testing machine to mechanical failure. The following values were obtained; breaking stress (load per unit area at failure), strain (percentage deformation) at failure and relative ash content (ash per unit volume). Strain at failure was independent of the size and strength of the vertebrae. The relative ash content and the iliac crest score were closely correlated. The relative ash content and the breaking stress both declined with increasing age, but the relation between them was not linear since the breaking stress fell more quickly than the ash content. Euler's equation for the buckling stress of a loaded column readily explains how in osteoporosis the reduction of the diameter of the vertical trabeculae and the loss of transverse ties cause loss of strength proportionately greater than the loss of osseous tissue. The results give no reason to suppose that in osteoporosis the quality of the osseous tissue is changed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0264-2751
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 57 (1995), S. 495-519 
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 57 (1995), S. 469-493 
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 251 (1994), S. 439-451 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Tympanosclerosis ; Etiology ; Sound conduction ; Differential diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Current concepts of formation of tympanosclerosis in the middle ear are reviewed, as are various clinical considerations. Ultrastructural changes are discussed. A differential diagnosis includes disorders affecting middle ear sound conduction, with the most prevalent involving otosclerosis and cholesteatoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 252 (1995), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Conductive hearing loss ; Tympanosclerosis ; Surgical treatment ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Tympanosclerosis as a cause of conductive hearing loss may require corrective surgery in carefully selected cases, although results of treatment have been controversial and must be viewed with caution. Currently available surgical techniques are reviewed and outcomes discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 224 (1995), S. 467-468 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Keywords: Molecular clouds ; HH24–26 ; abundances ; structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract New J=1-0 HCO+ and J=2-1 C18O observations of HH24–26 reveal striking differences between these and previous maps of higher-J transitions of HCO+ and CS. The high-J HCO+ and CS emission traces the densest portions of the cloud, while C18O traces the more tenuous envelope. This is also evident in the velocity structure. HCO+ and C18O appear to be depleted from the gas phase by amounts which vary with position.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 2011-2025 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Epiphyas postvittana ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; mating disruption ; threshold concentration ; behavior ; model ; wind
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A previously validated Lagrangian model was used to estimate the threshold of atmospheric pheromone concentration required to prevent trap catch and wing fanning in mating disruption plots in an apple orchard. Electroantennogram (EAG) traces of 10 min duration were recorded, along with supporting meteorological data needed for the model, to better define the conditions in which successful mating disruption will occur. Pheromone was released from polyethylene tubing dispensers into orchard blocks treated with 10, 100, 1000, and 2000 dispensers/ha. Predicted dusk concentrations of atmospheric pheromone at a height of 1.85 m varied nightly between 4 and 90 ng pheromone/m3 (in plots treated with 1000 dispensers/ha) over 11 weeks. Disruption of traps baited with 1000-μg pheromone lures followed an asymptotic curve with predicted concentration, but they did not show a significant effect of trap height (1.5 and 3.0 m). Wing fanning was reduced by increasing the density of dispensers, but was not completely eliminated even at 1000 dispensers/ha. At this density, the concentrations were usually 〈16 ng pheromone/m3. Electroantennogram recordings of 10 min duration showed a higher frequency of pheromone pulses in plots treated with more point sources per hectare. There was also a positive correlation between the number of pulses recorded by the EAG and predicted concentration for plots treated with 1000 or 2000 dispensers/ha. These results give added support to our model of pheromone release and transport in treated apple orchards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 117-139 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pheromone ; mating disruption ; Lagrangian model ; atmospheric concentration ; turbulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A Lagrangian model was developed to predict the vertical distribution of pheromone in apple orchards treated with synthetic pheromone released from polyethylene tubing dispensers. Measurements of tree dimensions' dispenser heights, air temperature, and wind speed were used as inputs to the model. Data to test the model output were obtained by air sampling and capillary gas chromatography to determine atmospheric pheromone concentration. The model predicted highest concentrations of pheromone in the plane of the dispensers. Predicted and measured concentrations were in the range 0.5–5 ng/m3 for blocks treated with 1000 or 2000 dispensers/ha. Mean wind speed had a large influence on pheromone concentrations within the canopy with concentrations decreasing at higher wind speeds. Wind speeds 〈0.1 m/sec, which represent good flying conditions for moths, resulted in high levels of mean pheromone concentration. Dispenser height had only a small influence on the maximum pheromone concentration, with the peak concentrations decreasing with increasing application height. The lower peak concentration for an elevated dispenser occurred mainly because wind speeds were higher in the upper parts of the tree canopy. Air temperature, dispenser density, and pheromone release rate (as inferred by dispenser liquid length), also had a significant influence on pheromone concentration because of the linear relationship between these parameters and the corresponding flux of pheromone released into the treated orchards. We use known scaling relationships to demonstrate these effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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