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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of 1.9 Mb of contiguous sequence from chromosome 4 of Arabidopsis thaliana (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 391 (1998), S. 485-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) has become an important model species for the study of many aspects of plant biology. The relatively small size of the nuclear genome and the availability of extensive physical maps of the five chromosomes provide a feasible basis for ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35140
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymptotic Distributions of the Least-Squares Estimators and Test Statistics in the Near Unit Root Model with Non-Zero Initial Value and Local Drift and Trend (1994)
    New York : Cambridge University Press
    Econometric theory 10 (1994), S. 937-966 
    Details
    ISSN: 0266-4666
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper considers the distribution of the Dickey-Fuller test in a model with non-zero initial value and drift and trend. We show how stochastic integral representations for the limiting distribution can be derived either from the local to unity approach with local drift and trend or from the continuous record asymptotic results of Sørensen [29]. We also show how the stochastic integral representations can be utilized as the basis for finding the corresponding characteristic functions via the Fredholm approach of Nabeya and Tanaka [16,17], This “link” between those two approaches may be of general interest. We further tabulate the asymptotic distribution by inverting the characteristic function. Using the same methods, we also find the characteristic function for the asymptotic distribution for the Schmidt-Phillips [26] unit root test. Our results show very clearly the dependence of the various tests on the initial value of the time series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266466600008938
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sums of plane waves, and the range of the Radon transform (1979)
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 243 (1979), S. 153-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01420422
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Planktonic bacteria in the Humber Estuary; Seasonal variation in population density and heterotrophic activity (1981)
    Springer
    Marine biology 62 (1981), S. 35-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seasonal variation in population density and heterotrophic activity (as maximum potential rate, V max, for glucose mineralization) of bacteria attached to suspended solids, of free bacteria and of total bacteria was examined in the water of the Humber Estuary, north-east England. At the principal site, which was studied over 2 yr, values of density and activity of attached and total bacteria showed marked seasonal periodicity, being low in summer and high from autumn to spring. This was a consequence of density of attached bacteria being dependent on the concentration of suspended solids, which was high in winter and low during summer. Values of density and activity of free bacteria, which were less than those of attached bacteria, showed no seasonal pattern but fluctuated irregularly and were independent of concentration of suspended solids. At two further sites, which were studied over 1 yr only, the density of bacteria varied seasonally in a similar manner, but the activity of attached and total bacteria showed no distinct seasonal pattern — this may, however, be due to limitations of the data rather than to fundamental differences between the sites studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396949
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prolonged granulocytopenia due to selective antimicrobial modulation of the intestinal flora of irradiated mice: The impact on recovery from infection (1988)
    Springer
    Infection 16 (1988), S. 189-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß der Modulation der Darmflora auf die Granulopoese wurde bei normalen Mäusen untersucht. Das Trinkwasser wurde mit oder ohne eine Kombination von antimikrobiellen Substanzen, d. h. Neomycin, Polymyxin B, Amphotericin B und Nalidixinsäure verabreicht. Diese antimikrobiellen Substanzen, die aerobe gramnegative Stäbchen selektiv eliminieren und das Wachstum von Hefen unterdrücken, werden zur Zeit bei unseren Patienten zur Infektionsverhütung während granulozytopenischer Phasen verwendet (Nalidixinsäure wurde durch Pipemidinsäure ersetzt). Nach subletaler Bestrahlung waren die Mäuse, die die antimikrobiellen Substanzen erhielten, länger granulozytopenisch als die Kontrolltiere. Trotz der geringen Unterschiede von nur zwei Tagen war der Einfluß auf eine experimentelle Infektion am Ende der granulozytopenischen Phase beträchtlich. Nach Injektion von 1 × 105 lebenden Bakterien in die Oberschenkelmuskulatur zeigten beide Gruppen granulozytopenischer Mäuse anfangs einen Anstieg der Bakterienzahlen in der Muskulatur. Nach 18 h war die Bakterienzahl bei 63% der antimikrobiell behandelten Mäuse weiter angestiegen, während sie bei 77% der Kontrolltiere unter den Ausgangswert zurückgegangen war. Entsprechende Unterschiede fanden sich auch in der Inzidenz der Bakteriämien, d. h. 26% der Mäuse, die eine antimikrobielle Prophylaxe erhielten, wiesen in Blutkulturen dieselben Bakterien auf, die in die Oberschenkelmuskulatur injiziert worden waren, bei den Kontrolltieren fanden sich dagegen nur in 2% der Fälle positive Blutkulturen. Bemerkenswerterweise korrelierte die Zahl der Granulozyten im peripheren Blut bei den prophylaktisch behandelten Tieren mit der Zahl von Kolonien, die 18 h nach Inokulation aus der Oberschenkelmuskulatur isoliert wurden, was bei den Kontrolltieren nicht der Fall war. Dies könnte bedeuten, daß die Modulation der Darmflora nicht nur die Zahl der zirkulierenden Granulozyten, sondern auch andere Faktoren der Abwehr beeinflußt.
    Notes: Summary In order to study the effect of modulation of the intestinal flora on granulopoiesis, conventional mice were given drinking water with or without a combination of antimicrobial drugs, i.e. neomycin, polymyxin B, amphotericin B and nalidixic acid. These antimicrobial drugs, which selectively eliminate the aerobic gram-negative rods and suppress yeasts, are currently administered to our patients to prevent infection during granulocytopenia (nalidixic acid has been replaced by pipemidinic acid). After sublethal irradiation, mice on antimicrobial drugs were granulocytopenic longer than the controls. Although these differences were rather small, i.e. two days, the impact on the course of an experimental infection at the end of the period of granulocytopenia was substantial. After injection of 1 × 105 live bacteria into the thigh muscle, both groups of granulocytopenic mice exhibited an initial increase in the number of bacteria in the thigh muscle. After 18 h a further increase in the number of bacteria was found for 63% of the mice receiving antimicrobial drugs, whereas the number had dropped below the baseline in 77% of the controls. These differences were reflected in the incidence of bacteremia, i.e. positive blood cultures for the bacteria injected into the thigh muscle were found for 26% of the mice on antimicrobial prophylaxis versus only 2% of the control mice. Remarkably, the number of peripheral blood granulocytes correlated with the number of CFU isolated from the thigh 18 h after injection for the animals on prophylaxis but not for the controls. This might mean that modulation of the intestinal flora affects not only the number of circulating granulocytes, but also other host defense factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01644101
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orchard trials in Canada on control ofCydia pomonella (Lep: Tortricidae) by granulosis virus (1994)
    Springer
    BioControl 39 (1994), S. 281-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Cydia pomonella ; granulosis virus ; apples ; microbiological control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cydia pomonella (L.), un ravageur important du pommier dans les vergers canadiens, est sensible au virus de la granulose. Des essais en vergers utilisant deux préparations de ce virus en Ontario, oùC. pomonella présente deux generations par année, indiquent qu'il faudrait jusqu'à sept pulvérisations pour maintenir à moins de 40% la proportion de fruits portant des infestations larvaires. En Nouvelle Ecosse, oùC. pomonella ne compte qu'une seule génération par an, deux pulvérisations furent nécessaires, quoique dans certains cas une seule a suffi. Dans certains essais, le niveau de protection des fruits égalait celui fourni par les esters phosphoriques, l'azinphos-méthyle ou le phosmet. On discute des avantages des traitements sélectifs tels que le virus de la granulose en comparaison avec l'emploi des insecticides de grande polyvalence.
    Notes: Abstract Cydia pomonella (L.), a major pest of apples in Canadian orchards, is susceptible to a granulosis virus (CpGV). Orchard trials with different formulations of CpGV in Ontario, whereC. pomonella has two generations per year, indicated that as many as seven applications of virus would be needed to maintain the percentage of fruit with deep larval entries below 4%. In Nova Scotia, where there is only one generation ofC. pomonella per year, two applications of CpGV usually were needed although, in some cases, one sufficed. The protection of fruit conferred by CpGV equalled that by the organophosphate insecticides, azinphosmethyl or phosmet, in some tests. The advantages of a selective treatment, such as CpGV, over use of broad-spectrum insecticides are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373033
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