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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dα3, a New Functional α Subunit of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors from Drosophila (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 71 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (nAChRs) are important excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the insect CNS. We have isolated and characterized the gene and the cDNA of a new nAChR subunit from Drosophila. The predicted mature nAChR protein consists of 773 amino acid residues and has the structural features of an ACh-binding α subunit. It was therefore named Dα3, for Drosophilaα-subunit 3. The dα3 gene maps to the X chromosome at position 7E. The properties of the Dα3 protein were assessed by expression in Xenopus oocytes. Dα3 did not form functional receptors on its own or in combination with any Drosophilaβ-type nAChR subunit. Nondesensitizing ACh-evoked inward currents were observed when Dα3 was coexpressed with the chick β2 subunit. Half-maximal responses were at ∼0.15 µM ACh with a Hill coefficient of ∼1.5. The snake venom component α-bungarotoxin (100 nM) efficiently but reversibly blocked Dα3/β2 receptors, suggesting that Dα3 may be a component of one of the previously described two classes of toxin binding sites in the Drosophila CNS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71020853.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of Aliphatic Peroxyacids (1958)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 23 (1958), S. 1823-1826 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01106a001
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DATA ANALYSIS OF PENETROMETRIC FORCE/DISPLACEMENT CURVES FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF 
 WHOLE APPLE FRUITS (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of texture studies 36 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4603
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The objective of the present study was to compare two chemometric approaches for characterizing the rheological properties of fruits from puncture test force/displacement curves. The first approach (parameter approach) computed six texture parameters from the curves, which were supposed to be representative of skin hardness, fruit deformation before skin rupture, flesh firmness and mechanical work needed to penetrate the fruit. The second approach (whole curve approach) used the whole digitized curve (300 data points) in further data processing. Two experimental studies were compared: first, the variability of the rheological parameters of five apple cultivars; second, the rheological variability that was characterized as a function of storage conditions. For both approaches, factorial discriminant analysis was applied to discriminate the fruits based on the measured rheological properties. The qualitative groups in factorial discriminant analysis were either the apple cultivar or the storage conditions (days and temperatures of storage). The tests were carried out using cross-validation procedures, making it possible to compute the number of fruits correctly identified. Thus the percentage of correct identification was 92% and 87% for using the parameter and the whole curve approaches, respectively. The discrimination of storage duration was less accurate for both approaches giving about 50% correct identifications. Comparison of the percentage of correct classifications based on the whole curve and the parameter approaches showed that the six computed parameters gave a good summary of the information present in the curve. The whole curve approach showed that some additional information, not present in the six parameters, may be appropriate for a complete description of the fruit rheology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4603.2005.00023.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological Properties of Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors Reconstituted from the Vertebrate β2 Subunit and Drosophilaα Subunits (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 6 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Three cDNAs (ALS, Dα2 and ARD) isolated from the nervous system of Drosophila and encoding putative nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits were expressed in Xenopus oocytes in order to study their functional properties. Functional receptors could not be reconstituted from any of these subunits taken singly or in twos and threes. In contrast, large evoked currents (in the μA range) were consistently observed upon agonist application on oocytes co-injected with ALS or Dα2 in combination with the chick β2 structural subunit. The ALS/β2 and Dα2/β2 receptors are highly sensitive to acetylcholine and nicotine, and their physiological properties resemble those of native or reconstituted receptors from vertebrates. Although the physiological properties of ALS/β2 and Dα2/β2 receptors are quite similar, clear differences appear in their pharmacological profiles. The ALS/β2 receptor is highly sensitive to α-bungarotoxin while the Dα2/β2 receptor is totally insensitive to this agent. These results demonstrate that the Drosophila ALS and Dα2 cDNAs encode neuronal nicotinic subunits responding to physiological concentrations of the agonists acetylcholine and nicotine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00997.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identified spinal motoneurons of young rats possess nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of the heteromeric family (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of the present study was to determine whether, in young rats, spinal motoneurons possess functional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Motoneurons were identified either by retrograde labelling or by choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry. Whole-cell recordings were performed in spinal cord slices cut at the lumbar level. In voltage clamp, acetylcholine evoked a rapidly activating inward current. In current clamp, it depolarized the motoneuron membrane and induced action potential firing. The acetylcholine-evoked current was strongly reduced by d-tubocurarine or dihydro-β-erythroidine, broad spectrum nicotinic antagonists, but was almost insensitive to methyllycaconitine, a nicotinic antagonist selective for receptors containing the α7 subunit. Moreover, exo-2-(2-pyridyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, an α7-specific agonist, was without effect. In young animals, light-microscopic autoradiography showed that in the central grey matter all laminae were intensely and equally labelled by [3H]epibatidine. A dense [125I]-α-bungarotoxin binding was also found in all laminae, with slightly lower levels in the superficial layers of the dorsal horns and in the ventral part of the grey matter. In adults, the density of [3H]epibatidine binding sites was much lower in the entire grey matter, except in layer 2 of the dorsal horn, and [125I]-α-bungarotoxin binding sites were present only in some selected areas. Our data indicate that spinal motoneurons possess functional nicotinic receptors of the heteromeric type and suggest that nicotinic cholinergic transmission may play a significant role in the developing spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03746.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacology and Biophysical Properties of α7 and α7 - α8 α-Bungarotoxin Receptor Subtypes Immunopurified from the Chick Optic Lobe (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 6 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two chick optic lobe α-bungarotoxin receptor subtypes (α7 and α7 - α8) were immunopurified using polyclonal antibodies raised against synthetic peptides of chick α7 and α8 α-bungarotoxin receptor subunits. The α7 subtype contained the Mr 57 000 α7 subunit, and represented 60 - 70% of the α-bungarotoxin receptors; the α7-α8 subtype contained the Mr 57 000 α7 and α8 subunits, and represented only 20 - 25% of the receptors. Both subtypes also had an additional Mr 52 000 subunit. The affinity of these subtypes for α-bungarotoxin as well as antagonists was similar. However, the α7 - α8 subtype displayed consistently higher affinities for agonists. When reconstituted in planar lipid bilayers, the α7 - α8 subtype displayed several conductance states of 10 - 50 pS; the α7 subtype had only one conductance state of 45 pS. The α7 -α8 subtype was activated by lower agonist concentrations than the α7 subtype. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, the α8 subunit formed functional homomeric receptors that desensitized rapidly. These channels were blocked by α-bungarotoxin and displayed a higher affinity for agonists than the α7 homomeric receptor. Taken together, these data indicate that at least two α-bungarotoxin subtypes are present in the chick optic lobe. They operate as ligand-gated channels and display different agonist sensitivities and kinetics/conductance properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00318.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative effects of laryngeal mask and tracheal tube on total respiratory resistance in anaesthetised patients (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 49 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We compared the effects of the laryngeal mask and tracheal tube on total respiratory resistance in 10 anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated patients undergoing otological microsurgery. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups. In the first group, the tracheal tube (Rüsch) was inserted for the first series of measurements. This was then replaced by a laryngeal mask (Intavent) and a second series of measurements was made during the first hour of operation. In the second group, the same protocol was applied with inverse order in the use of the devices. From the measurement of respiratory flow and pressure at the airway opening, total respiratory resistance was calculated by multiple linear regression. The data were corrected to eliminate the previously determined nonlinear resistance of the two devices. Arterial blood pressure, electrocardiogram, oxygen saturation and end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration were continuously monitored. With the laryngeal mask and the tracheal tube, mean (SE) minute ventilation was 9.4(0.9)l.min-1 and 8.1 (0.9)l.min-l, respectively for end-tidal carbon dioxide concentrations between 3.6 and 4.1%. Although the glottic resistance was included in the measurement performed with the laryngeal mask but not with the tracheal tube, mean (SE) total respiratory resistance was not significantly different with the two devices (0.61(0.32) and 0.69(0.35) kPa.l-1.s, respectively). Leakage was avoided with the laryngeal mask because the insufflation pressure never exceeded 1.7 kPa except in one patient suffering from severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who had a total respiratory resistance of 1.45kPa.l-1.s. During the first hour of the operation all respiratory variables remained stable irrespective of the device used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1994.tb04255.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of Dietary Fiber in Feces of Rats Fed with Fiber Supplemented Diets (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 46 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A procedure based on Southgate's fractionation scheme with subsequent colorimetric determination of monomeric constituents in the individual fractions was used for the analysis of feces of rats fed with diets supplemented with cereal bran or its fiber components. Prior to fractionation, dehydrated feces were extracted with chloro-form:methanol (2:1) mixture and hot 80% methanol and then subjected to treatment with both amylolytic (MERCK glucoamylase, 60°C, 2 hr) and proteolytic (CALBIOCHEM pepsin, 40°C, 48 hr) enzymes. Colorimetrically determined values of noncellulosic polysaccharides and cellulose (calculated as sums of hexoses, pentoses, and uronic acids) agreed satisfactorily with those determined by detergent fiber analysis. The sums of neutral sugars determined colorimetrically correlated closely with the values obtained by GLC analysis after Saeman's hydrolysis (2 hr with 72% (w/w) H2SO4 at 20°C and 2 hr with 2N H2SO4 at 100°C) of defatted samples. The GLC data were, however, consistently higher, especially those for hexoses; the difference was more pronounced with feces than with tested bran material. Confidence in the analysis was strengthened by the observation that the results of proximate and fiber analyses closely approached 100%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1981.tb04910.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quality assessment of discharge letters in a French university hospital (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of health care quality assurance 11 (1998), S. 90-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 0952-6862
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Economics
    Notes: The quality of discharge letters has been evaluated in order to initiate a process of improved communications between the hospital and general practitioners. From each of 37 volunteer clinical departments of a French university hospital, a random sample of 30 stays was selected among the hospitalisations for one year. The quality of discharge letters was assessed according to recipients' needs and to French legislation. In total, 1,024 medical records were relevant and were analysed. This study showed deficiencies in management of discharge letters in the hospital. It constitutes the first step of a quality improvement process based on the awareness of concerned actors through information feedback and the follow-up of specific indicators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09526869810213019
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of high-energy neutrinos using Čerenkov detectors embedded deep in Antarctic ice (2001)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 410 (2001), S. 441-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Neutrinos are elementary particles that carry no electric charge and have little mass. As they interact only weakly with other particles, they can penetrate enormous amounts of matter, and therefore have the potential to directly convey astrophysical information from the edge of the Universe ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35068509
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