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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 19 (1972), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: —Approximately 70 per cent of the total AChE of bovine brain tissue was solubilized by repeated homogenization and centrifugation in 0.32 m sucrose containing EDTA. After ammonium sulphate fractionation, application of the enzyme preparation to an agarose affinity gel column effected a 700-fold purification. Subsequent molecular filtration separated three active forms of AChE with molecular weights of 130,000, 270,000 and 390,000 with an average specific activity of 575 mmol of acetylthiocholine hydrolysed/mg of protein/h. The complete procedure represented an approximate 23,000-fold purification of the enzyme from that in the original tissue homogenate. The three forms of AChE exhibited certain differences in properties, including apparent Km values, pH optima and sensitivity to inhibitory agents. Ancillary studies on less purified enzyme preparations by use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing techniques also suggested that brain AChE exists in multiple forms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 74 (1970), S. 36-39 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: PTH — Antagonist — Hyperparathyroidism — Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy — Hypercalcemia.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. BIM-44002, a pure competitive antagonist of parathyroid hormone (PTH), has a high affinity for the PTH/PTHrP receptor in vitro, and can completely inhibit the actions of a PTH agonist in rats in vivo. Toxicology studies in rats and dogs showed BIM-44002 to be devoid of any adverse effects. Therefore we undertook an investigation to evaluate the potential utility of BIM-44002 in lowering elevated serum calcium in three patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. BIM-44002 was administered by continuous intravenous infusion at dosages of 100 μg/hour (370 nmol/hour) for 12 hours, followed by 200 μg/hour for 12 hours, followed by 400 μg/hour for 12 hours. Vital signs and serum ionized and total calcium were monitored hourly and for 3 hours after cessation of the infusion. Blood for PTH determinations was obtained at the same time points. Serum calcium and PTH did not change during and after the infusion of the antagonist. No subject experienced any adverse reactions to the infusion of the antagonist. We conclude that although the PTH antagonist BIM-44002 was effective both in vitro and in vivo in animals, and it was safe in humans, it was not able to lower serum calcium in patients with hyperparathyroidism. Possible reasons for lack of clinical efficacy are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 212 (1966), S. 124-125 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die LeitfÄhigkeit von Graham-Salz-Lösung in Dioxan- und Aceton-Wasser-Mischungen wurde gemessen und gegen den reziproken Wert der DielektrizitÄtskonstante des Mediums logarithmisch als Äquivalent-LeitfÄhigkeiten aufgetragen. Es ergibt sich in allen FÄllen ein linearer Anhang. Das Verhalten wird auf der Basis der überlegungen vonFuoss als Assoziation von Polyionen mit Gegenionen gedeutet.
    Notes: Summary Conductivities of Graham Salt solutions in dioxane-water and acetone-water mixtures have been measured and a plot of reciprocal of the dielectric constant of the medium against the logarithm of equivalent conductivity is found to be linear in all cases studied. The phenomenon is explained on the basis of the ideas ofFuoss on association of polyions with counterions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 255 (1977), S. 861-864 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Hydrolytic degradation of lithium polyphosphate catalyzed by ethanol was studied. Two samples with endgroup molecular weights of 4300 and 5500 were used. They were dissolved in 0.1 M NaBf and 30% (v/v) ethanol was used as the catalyst. The hydrolytic degradation of the samples catalyzed by 0.1 M hydrochloric acid was also studied. Kinetic results show that the energies of activation obtained for ethanol-catalyzed reactions were comparable to those obtained for acid-catalyzed reactions. The results are similar to those obtained earlier for water-soluble long-chain sodium polyphosphates and the mechanism of nucleophilic attack is also expected to be the same.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 251 (1973), S. 759-765 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die reduzierte Viskosität (η sp/C) einer wäßrigen Lösung vonGraham-Salz nimmt ab, wenn ein mit Wasser mischbares, organisches Lösungsmittel, wie Aceton, zugefügt wird. Die Kurve der reduzierten Viskosität gegen die Konzentration in Wasser ist konkav, aber in 10%iger Lösung von Aceton, Äthyläther oder Dioxan wird ein Maximum beobachtet. Das Verhalten erinnert etwas an das, das man bei sukzessiver Zufügung eines Neutralsalzes beobachtet. So wie nach Zufügung eines Überschusses eines Elektrolyten die Kurve der reduzierten Viskosität gegen die Konzentration linear wird, geschieht das gleiche für niedrige Molekulargewichte in Gegenwart von 25%-igen Lösungen der drei untersuchten organischen Lösungsmittel. Die erwartete verstärkte Wechselwirkung zwischen Polyanionen findet wahrscheinlich nicht statt, weil die Bildung von Ionenpaaren in Lösungsmitteln niedriger Dielektrizitätskonstante erfolgt und ein Knäueln der Polyelektrolytkette verursacht. Wenngleich anscheinend der Effekt der Hinzufügung von Salz dem Effekt der Hinzufügung von Nicht-Lösungsmitteln qualitativ gleich ist, besteht ein wichtiger und wesentlicher Unterschied. Dieser zeigt sich in der Auftragung der reduzierten Viskosität gegen die Konzentration des zugefügten Nicht-Lösungsmittels. Die reduzierte Viskosität einer 0,4%-igen Lösung vonGraham- Salz fällt zuerst langsam und dann scharf mit steigender Konzentration des Nichtlösers ab. Im Fall der Zufügung von Salz fällt die Viskosität erst stark und dann langsam ab. Während im einen Fall die Kurve konkav ist, ist sie im anderen Fall konvex. Die Auftragung der reduzierten Viskosität gegen die Dielektrizitätskonstante des Mediums zeigt zunächst ein scharfes Anwachsen mit wachsender DK, scheint sich aber bei höheren Werten von der DK einzupegeln.
    Notes: Summary Reduced viscosity (η sp/C) of an aqueous solution ofGrahams salt decreases if a water-miscible organic solvent like acetone is added to it. The reduced viscosity-concentration (η sp/C-C) curve in water is concave upward but in 10% solution of acetone ethanol or dioxane a maximum is observed. The behaviour is reminiscent of what is observed on successive addition of a neutral salt. Just as after addition of a swamping excess of an electrolyte theη sp/C-C curve becomes a straight line, in presence of 25% solution of any of the three organic solvents studied, curves became straight lines in the case of low-molecular-weight samples ofGrahams salt. An expected increased interaction between polyanions probably does not take place because of formation of ion-pairs in solvents of low dielectric constant and coiling of the polyelectrolyte chain takes place. Whereas, apparently the effect of addition of salt is similar qualitatively to the effect of addition of a non-solvent, there is one important and significant difference. This is reflected in the plot of reduced viscosity versus concentration of the added nonsolvent. Theη sp/C of a 0.3% solution ofGrahams salt falls first slowly and then sharply with increase in the concentration of the non-solvent (acetone, ethanol or dioxane). In the case of addition of salt the reduced viscosity falls sharply firstand then slowly. Whereas in one case the curve is concave in shape it is convex in the other. A plot ofη sp/C vs.D, the dielectric constant of the medium, shows that the reduced viscosity increases sharply at first with increase in dielectricconstant but seems to stabilize at higher values ofD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 252 (1974), S. 20-25 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine detaillierte Untersuchung der Molekulargewichts-verteilung an mehreren Proben vonGraham-Salz, einem langkettigen Polyphosphat, präpariert unter verschiedenen Bedingungen, wird präsentiert. Die Proben wurden durch Erhitzen von Natriumdihydrogenphosphat bei festen Temperaturen von 700 und 800°C und Abkühlen der Schmelzen nach dem Erhitzen mit verschieden langen Zeiten präpariert. Die Verteilungskurven zeigen in klarer Weise eine deutliche Abhängigkeit von den Bildungsbedingungen. Bei derselben Erhitzungsdauer verbreitert eine höhere Temperatur die Verteilung. Entsprechend verbreitert auch für dieselbe Erhitzungstemperatur eine Zunahme der Erhitzungszeit die Verteilung.
    Notes: Summary A detailed study of the distribution of molecular weights in several samples ofGrahams salt, a long-chain polyphosphate, prepared under different conditions, has been presented. The samples were prepared by heating sodium dihydrogen phosphate at fixed temperatures of 700 and 800 °C and quenching the melt after heating for various durations of time. The distribution curves clearly show a marked dependence on the conditions offormation. For the same duration of time an increase in temperature broadens the distribution. Similarly, for the same temperature of heating the increase in time ofheating also broadens the distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 256 (1978), S. 452-458 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Light scattering measurements on a number of samples of potassium polyphosphate dissolved in 0.1 M NaBr solution in water were made. With fair approximation, the second virial coefficient was found to be inversely proportional toM w 0.5 (M w = Weight-average Molecular Weight). In conjunction with intrinsic viscosities, the values ofM w were used in calculating the radius of gyration, $$\langle \overline {_S 2} \rangle ^{\tfrac{1}{2}}$$ . The ratio $$\langle \overline {_S 2} \rangle ^{\tfrac{1}{2}} /M_w^{\tfrac{1}{2}}$$ was found to be constant indicating that potassium Kurrol Salt exists as random coils in solutions. The average value of Flory constant calculated with the help of the available data was found to be 1.96 × 1021 which is quite close to that predicted by Flory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 257 (1979), S. 1276-1283 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary DTA and TG were carried out on a number of sodium-containing copolyphosphates. The DTA curves were characteristic of long-chain polyphosphates and were similar in nature. All of them showed a sharp exothermic peak indicating crystallization temperature (T c ) followed by a sharp endothermic peak giving the value of melting temperature (T m ). TG curves showed weight loss occurring in two stages, the first one beginning at 50°C (loss of absorbed moisture) and the second one in the range 300-500°C (corresponding toT c ). The values ofT m andT c appeared to decrease with increase in molecular weight. This could be due to the presence of crystallizable comonomer units in the copolyphosphate glasses.T c andT m also appeared to increase with increase in the atomic weight of the cation other than sodium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 170 (1960), S. 116-123 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Leitfähigkeit wäßriger Lösungen von nahezu 30 Proben ausGraham-Salz, die verschiedenes Molekulargewicht hatten, wird betrachtet. Die Auftragung der Äquivalentleitfähigkeit gegen die Quadratwurzel aus der Äquivalentkonzentration zeigt starke Krümmungen bei niedrigen Konzentrationen, die an das Verhalten schwacher Elektrolyte erinnern. Sie wird erklärt durch Assoziationen der Gegenionen mit den Polyionen infolge der hohen Ladungsdichte um letztere. Der Anstieg der Äquivalentleitfähigkeit mit sinkender Konzentration ist für die niedermolekularen Proben stärker ausgeprägt. Bei den hochmolekularen Verbindungen ist die Molekulargewichtsabhängigkeit weniger auffällig. Trägt man die Äquivalentleitfähigkeit gegen das Gewichtsmittel des Molekulargewichts für irgend eine Konzentration desGraham-Salzes auf, so ergeben sich Kurven, die mit steigendem Molekulargewicht erst einen scharfen und später einen langsamen Leitfähigkeitsabfall zeigen. Der Effekt des Gewichtsmittels des Molekulargewichts auf die Leitfähigkeit ist viel ausgeprägter als der des entsprechenden Endgruppenmolekulargewichts, obgleich der Betrag des letzteren die Leitfähigkeit ebenfalls beeinflußt. Die stark gekrümmten Kurven vonΛ gegen √C können in einer doppelt-logarithmischen Skala zu linearen reduziert werden. Die Auftragung der spezifischen Leitfähigkeit gegen die Äquivalentkonzentration ist ebenfalls invariabel linear. Die Werte der scheinbaren Basizität, berechnet mit Hilfe derOstwald-Regel für verschiedeneGraham-Salzproben, liegen zwischen 2 und 3. Sie haben die Tendenz, mit Zunahme des Gewichtsmittels der Molekulargewichte abzunehmen.
    Notes: Summary Conductivities of the aqueous solutions of nearly thirty samples ofGraham's salt having different molecular weights have been observed. Plots of equivalent conductivity (Λ) against square root of equivalent concentration (C 1/2) show a strong curvature at lower concentration reminiscent of the behaviour of weak electrolytes. It has been explained as being due to the association of counter-ions with poly-ions because of a high charge density around the latter. The rise in equivalent conductance with decrease in concentration is more pronounced in the case of low-molecular-weight samples. In high molecular-weight compounds the molecular weight dependance is less conspicuous. On plotting equivalent conductance against weight-average molecular weight for any particular concentration ofGraham's salt, curves have been obtained which show that with an increase in molecular weight conductivity falls first sharply and then slowly. The effect of the weight-average molecular weight on conductivity is much more pronounced than that of the corresponding endgroup molecular weight, although the values of the latter also affect the conductance. The highly curved plots ofΛ vs.C 1/2 can be reduced to linear ones on a log-log scale. A plot of specific conductivity against the equivalent concentration is also invariably linear. The values of ‘apparent basicity’ calculated for various samples ofGraham's salt with the help ofOstwald's rule lie between 2 and 3; they have a tendency to decrease with increase in weight-average molecular weight.
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