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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dilated intercellular spaces as a marker of oesophageal damage: comparative results in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease with or without bile reflux (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : The dilation of oesophageal intercellular spaces, clearly apparent in transmission electron microscopy images, is a marker of cellular damage induced by acid.Aim : To analyse the presence of dilated intercellular spaces and to quantify the scores in controls and in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease or duodenal gastro-oesophageal reflux accompanied by erosive or non-erosive reflux disease.Methods : Thirty-eight symptomatic patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease or duodenal gastro-oesophageal reflux and 12 asymptomatic controls, classified on the basis of pH-metry and bilimetry, underwent endoscopy. Six tissue biopsies were taken from the normal mucosa for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy evaluation. Dilated intercellular spaces were measured on photomicrographs of the specimens (at least 100 transects were measured for each patient).Results : Twenty-two patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease had normal macroscopic mucosa but, at histology, five patients with erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease had mild oesophagitis and one had moderate oesophagitis. Seven patients with duodenal gastro-oesophageal reflux had normal mucosa, whilst three with erosive duodenal gastro-oesophageal reflux had mild oesophagitis at histology. At transmission electron microscopy, all controls had dilated intercellular spaces of less than 1.69 µm. Each symptomatic patient had a mean dilated intercellular space value and a mean value of the maximum dilated intercellular space at least three or more times greater than that in controls (P 〈 0.001). No statistical differences were observed between erosive and non-erosive oesophagitis.Conclusions : The dilated intercellular space is an extremely sensitive marker of damage in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, duodenal gastro-oesophageal reflux and non-erosive reflux disease, and serves as the most appropriate marker of damage evaluation in non-erosive reflux disease reported to date. A mean dilated intercellular space of 0.74 µm provides a cut-off score for damage. No quantitative or qualitative differences in dilated intercellular space scores were found between pure and mixed acid reflux.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01713.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sildenafil inhibits gastroduodenal motility (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sildenafil shows an intense and prolonged inhibitory effect on the smooth muscle cells of corpus cavernosum arterioles by blocking phosphodiesterase-type 5, which inactivates the nitric oxide-stimulated cyclic guanosine monophosphate.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To investigate whether this inhibitory effect is also displayed on the musculature of the gastroduodenal tract.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:In 16 normal subjects, antroduodenal motility was recorded by means of a low-compliance manometric system. Ten minutes after the appearance of a phase III of the migrating motor complex, a tablet of sildenafil 50 mg, dissolved in 20 mL of water, was infused in the gut of eight patients, or a placebo in the other eight patients, randomly and in a double-blind manner, continuing the recording for 90 min. The frequency and amplitude of antral and duodenal waves, measured during the first 60 min after infusion in the two groups, were compared statistically. In addition, the duration of antral and duodenal phases I, and the number of phases III occurring during the whole 90 min after infusion, were compared in the two groups.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Antral and duodenal wave frequency and amplitude were significantly lower during the first 60 min after sildenafil administration. Both antral and duodenal phases I were significantly longer after sildenafil than after placebo, and the number of phases III which occurred during the 90 min after sildenafil was significantly lower than after placebo.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Sildenafil inhibits interdigestive motor activity of the antrum and duodenum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00917.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The treatment of functional dyspepsia with red pepper (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim : To decrease the intensity of dyspeptic symptoms by impairing the visceral nociceptive C-type fibres with capsaicin, contained in red pepper powder.Methods : The study was performed on 30 patients with functional dyspepsia and without gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and irritable bowel syndrome. After a 2-week washout period, 15 patients received, before meals randomly and in a double-blind manner, 2.5 g/day of red pepper powder for 5 weeks, and 15 patients received placebo. A diary sheet was given to each patient to record, each day, the scores of individual and overall symptom intensity, which subsequently were averaged weekly and over the entire treatment duration.Results : The overall symptom score and the epigastric pain, fullness and nausea scores of the red pepper group were significantly lower than those of the placebo group, starting from the third week of treatment. The decrease reached about 60% at the end of treatment in the red pepper group, whilst placebo scores decreased by less than 30%.Conclusions : Red pepper was more effective than placebo in decreasing the intensity of dyspeptic symptoms, probably through a desensitization of gastric nociceptive C-fibres induced by its content of capsaicin. It could represent a potential therapy for functional dyspepsia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01280.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoselective 1,4-hydroboration of acyclic (E)-α,β-unsaturated ketones with dialkylboranes. Synthesis of (Z)-vinyloxyboranes.
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 32 (1991), S. 1229-1232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040-4039(00)92052-5
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    99mTc-HIDA dynamic scintigraphy for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux of bile (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 10 (1985), S. 549-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Bile reflux ; HIDA 99mTc hepatobiliary scintigraphy ; Gastroesophageal reflux
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 5 patients with partial gastric resection and esophagitis, in whom esophageal pH metry was unable to demonstrate significant gastroesophageal reflux (GER), we administered i.v. 5 mCi (185 MBq) of 99mTc-HIDA, the patient lying under a computer-assisted LFOV gamma camera. When gallbladder image was evident, caerulein was administered i.v. at a physiologic dose in order to induce gallbladder contraction, and in the subsequent 45 min the patient was asked to perform a standard series of manoeuvres that increase the intraabdominal pressure (Valsalva, etc.) and favour GER. Scintigraphic images and time/activity curves obtained from areas of interest corresponding to gastric remnant and distal esophagus showed that at least one of these manoeuvres in each case was followed by the appearance of the radiocompound in the distal esophagus, indicating a 99mTc-HIDA-tagged bile GER. Consequently, we believe that HIDA-GER dynamic scintigraphy may be more useful than esophageal pH metry in demonstrating the biliary origin of an esophagitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252750
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of the electrical activity of the human intestine after serotonin and caerulein (1972)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 17 (1972), S. 363-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of serotonin and caerulein on the electrical activity of the human small intestine has been investigated. In a dose of 2.5 mg intravenuously, serotonin induces a strong motor response, with an increase in slow-wave amplitude (P〈0.01) and a decrease in frequency (P〈0.001). The percentage of bursts of spike, their duration and amplitude increased significantly (P〈0.01 andP〈0.05). The administration of caerulein (2 ng/kg/minute intravenously) inhibited spike percentage duration in the first and second portion of the duodenum, and a significant increase in the third and upper small intestine. Caerulein caused a significant decrease in slow-wave frquency (P〈0.01) at every level. The possibility that the above substances have a direct effect on pace-setter potential is discussed. The purpose of the present investigation is to study the effect of serotonin* and caerulein* on the electrical activity in the human small intestine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02231739
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Intravenous Clarithromycin on Interdigestive Gastroduodenal Motility of Patients with Functional Dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori Gastritis (1999)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 44 (1999), S. 2439-2442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: CLARITHROMYCIN ; HELICOBACTER PYLORI ; GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY ; MANOMETRY ; MIGRATING MOTOR COMPLEX ; PROKINETIC DRUGS ; STOMACH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gastroduodenal motility of 16 patientscomplaining of functional dyspepsia and Helicobacterpylori gastritis was recorded by means of alow-compliance manometric system with four recordingports in the stomach and four in the duodenum.Clarithromycin (CLA) 250 mg (group A: 8 patients) ornormal saline solution (group B: 8 patients) was infusedintravenously randomly and in double-blind manner 30 minafter the end of the first recorded activity front(AF) of the migrating motor complex or, in the absenceof AFs, after 200 min of recording, continuing therecording until an AF was observed during the subsequent 200 min. CLA administration was followed by atypical gastroduodenal AF in a significantly highernumber of patients than saline administration. Inaddition, the time-lag between the drug administration and the appearance of AFs was 22 min ±7.4 (mean ± SD), significantly shorter than aftersaline (109 ± 56 min) and the CLA-relatedduodenal AFs showed a duration of 7.4 min ± 1.6in group A, significantly longer than that of the spontaneous AFs (3.5min ± 1), while in group B AF duration aftersaline was not significantly different from that of thespontaneous ones. In conclusion, clarithromycin is able to stimulate cyclic interdigestivegastroduodenal motility. This prokinetic property ofclarithromycin is not unexpected because it is amacrolide like erythromycin, the prokinetic activity ofwhich is well known, and could be utilized fortherapeutic uses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026674719476
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormalities of gastrointestinal motility in children with nonulcer dyspepsia and in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease (1991)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 36 (1991), S. 1066-1073 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: nonulcer dyspepsia ; migrating motor complexes ; bile salt concentration ; gastric emptying
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 11 children (mean age 44.2 months) with symptoms suggesting upper intestinal dysfunction (nonulcer dyspepsia), in nine children (mean age 27.3 months) with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) disease, and in seven controls (mean age 20.4 months) we investigated fasting [for 3 hr or until two migrating motor complexes (MMC) were observed] and fed (90 min) antroduodenal motility by means of perfused catheter system; furthermore, we measured both gastric emptying of a radiolabeled milk formula and fasting duodenogastric reflux during manometry by assessing bile salt concentration in gastric aspirates. No structural abnormalities of gastrointestinal tract and organic disorders were detected in the patients. In a high proportion of both groups of patients we found manometric abnormalities of interdigestive and fed motor patterns that were not seen in the controls: absence of antral phase III of MMC; significant decrease of antral and/or duodenal motor activity during fasting and/or fed periods; abnormal propagation or configuration of MMC phase III that was signficantly shorter than in controls; bursts of sustained fasting and/or fed phasic duodenal activity, frequently uncoordinated with adjacent gut segments. When compared to controls, the mean intragastric concentration of bile salts during all MMC phases and the mean 1-hr percent gastric activity of the radiolabeled milk were significantly higher in the two groups of patients. We conclude that in a high proportion of children with nonulcer dyspepsia and of children with GER disease, gastrointestinal manometry may reveal significant irregularities of antral and duodenal motility, which are associated with increased duodenogastric reflux and delayed gastric emptying.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01297448
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