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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background β-catenin functions in signal transduction in the Wnt signalling pathway, which has recently been implicated in hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis. β-catenin gene mutations affecting exon 3 have been reported in a high percentage of human pilomatrixomas. However, the expression pattern of β-catenin in human HFs and pilomatrixomas has not been reported. Objectives To analyse immunohistochemically the expression pattern of β-catenin in normal anagen HFs and in 40 human pilomatrixomas. Methods In 11 of these tumours we also studied exon 3 β-catenin gene mutations by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. As these mutations have been related to a replication error (RER) phenotype in other tumour types, we explored whether or not this association also occurs in pilomatrixomas. Results β-catenin was expressed in the cell membranes of the outer and inner root sheaths and in matrix cells located at the base and periphery of the HF bulb. However, central matrix cells that differentiate into cortical cells, cortical and cuticular cells expressed β-catenin in the nucleus, suggesting a role in signal transduction. In addition, some fibroblasts of the dermal papilla also showed nuclear expression of β-catenin. All 40 analysed pilomatrixomas showed intense nuclear and cytoplasmic β-catenin expression in proliferating matrix (basaloid) cells. In areas of maturation, transitional cells mainly showed cytoplasmic and membranous expression of β-catenin, while only a few cells retained nuclear expression. Shadow or ghost cells did not show β-catenin expression. Three of 11 tumours (26%) had β-catenin mutations. All three had the same heterozygote mis-sense mutation: a G to T change affecting the first nucleotide at codon 32 (D32Y). None of the 11 tumours studied had a positive RER phenotype. Conclusions Present and previous studies suggest that the Wnt/β-catenin/Tcf-Lef pathway is activated in normal matrix cells of the HF to induce differentiation to the hair shaft. Additionally, the β-catenin mutation in matrix cells of the HF stabilizes β-catenin protein, which translocates into the nucleus, where it activates of gene transcription together with lymphoid enhancer factor-1 producing pilomatrixoma. These mutations occur without an underlying defect in DNA mismatch repair.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusarnmenfassung Ultramafische Gesteine aus polymetamorphen orogenetischen Terrains enthalten selten Strukturen und Mineralien als Relikte aus ihren Mantelstadien. Bestimmung ihrer Protolithe und deren tektonischen Entwicklung durch geochemische Parameter wird durch metasomatische Prozesse erschwert. Ultramafite aus dem prävariszischen Sockel der Schweizer Zentralalpen wurden geochemisch untersucht, um die Aussagekraft dieser Parameter zu bestimmen. Die untersuchten Gesteine sind teilweise bis völlig serpentinisiert. Aufgrund der Felduntersuchungen wurden die Ultramafite als Teile einer ophiolithischen Suite klassifiziert, aber ultramafische Kumulate anderer Entstehungsgeschichte konnten unterschieden wurden. CIPW-Norm Berechnungen zeigen, daß Harzburgite den größten Anteil der Proben ausmachen, aber metasomatische Abreicherung an Caokönnte die Bedeutung der Harzburgite als Protolithe überbewerten. Haupt- und Spurenelemente weisen auf einen abgereicherten Mantel als Ausgangsgesteinhin. Fast chondritische bzw. leicht abgereicherte Seltene Erden verteilungsmuster sind charakteristisch. Sic belegen auch die harzburgitische, lherzolithische bzw. kumulative Natur der untersuchten Gesteine. Die Edelmetallkonzentrationen sind teilweise primär (Ir, Os, Ru) sowie beeinflußt durch Schmelzinfiltrationen (Pr, Pd und Au). Die Verteilungsmuster der Edelmetalle bezeugen die Natur des abgereicherten Mantels sowie die Gegenwart von höher differenzierten—vermutlich kumulativen—Gesteinen. Die Hinweise aus den geochemischen Untersuchungen führen zu konsistenten Ergebnissen. Die Anreicherung der Seltenen Erden und Edelmetalle ist mit der verarmten Signatur der Hauptelemente nicht vereinbar, daher wird eine sekundäre Elementanreicherung durch Schmelzinfiltration der Ultramafite vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: Summary Polymetamorphic ultramafic rocks in orogenic terranes rarely preserve relic structures or minerals from their former mantle stages. The determination of their protoliths and their tectonic evolution by chemical discrimination methods is often difficult due to possible metasomatic processes. Ultramafics of the pre-Variscan Helvetic basement (Central Alps, Switzerland) have been investigated geochemically to address these problems. These ultramafics are partially to completely serpentinised. According to field observations several ultramafic lenses were part of an ophiolite suite, but distinct cumulate ultramafic lenses were also recognized. CIPW norms indicate that large parts of the ultramafics are harzburgites, but metasomatic CaO depletion may have produced an overestimation of the importance of the harzburgite protoliths. Major element distributions suggest a depleted mantle protolith. Close to chondritic or slightly depleted REE patterns are characteristics of the studied samples. The REE normalized patterns confirm the presence of harzburgites, lherzolites und cumulates. In some samples light REE enrichment processes have occurred. The noble metal concentrations are both affected (Pt-Pd-Au) und unaffected (Ir-Os-Ru) by melt infiltration processes. They suggest the presence of undepleted or slightly enriched harzburgites und more differentiated, probably cumulate ultramafics. Information obtained by different chemical elements leads to contrasting results. REE and noble metals show enrichment inconsistent with the major element depletion. Refertilization of depleted ultramafics is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 91-100 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The study of a heat-shock process for RNA reduction was carried out for different yeast strains. Different results were obtained from each of them. Candida utilis NRRL Y-660 shows its best performance after a 8-s. heat-shock in the presence of 3% NaCl. For commercial baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces fragilis L-1930, similar results were obtained with only 1% of NaCl. The latter needed longer heat-shock periods. e.g. 15s. to give such an RNA reduction. Biomass recovery ranged from 60 to 75%, being higher for C. utilis and K. fragilis while excessive losses were observed in S. cerevisiae cells.No significant protein deterioration was obtained in the best performance samples. The aminoacid profile appears to be improved in comparison to the starting material in these strains after RNA reduction.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 145-153 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The removal of the content of nucleic acids of fodder yeast (Candida utilis) by treatment with HCl or heat shock was investigatedAcid concentrations between 5 and 15% (on dried matter basis) were used. A maximal removal of the content of nucleic acids of 88% was realized wheńn was worked with 15% HCl, 90 °C during 30 minutes. But under this conditions were observed high demanges of protein and also of some essential amino acidsGood results for diminishing the content of nucleic acids were reached with the highest concentration of acid and a treatment during 20 minutesThe experiments with heat shock were carried out at 68 °C, different times for heating and different contents of yeastIn this way better results than for treatment with acid according to diminishing the content of nucleic acids and yield of protein and essential amino acids were reachedA removal of over 80% of the content of nucleic acids was achieved in all cases.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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