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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The genes for utilization of xylose were transferred from Pachysolen tannophilus to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The hybrids resembled the S. cerevisiae parent morphologically and in sugar assimilation. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis showed that the chromosome banding pattern was intermediate between the two parental species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 11 (1995), S. 515-518 
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Candida utilis ; chemostat ; nitrogen metabolism ; phosphate ; single-cell protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract When Candida utilis was grown in continuous culture, decreasing the concentration of N in the medium affected cell composition, biomass yield, biomass productivity, maximal growth rate and cell morphology. When the dilution rate was low (0.1 h-1), reducing N from 1100 to 100 mg/l led to a 40% decrease in RNA content of the cells. Nitrogen-limited growth, which occurred when N〈420 mg/l, was associated with significant changes in cell-wall carbohydrates and a significant reduction in the glycogen content of the cells. A set of culture conditions was established which permitted maximal consumption of the main nutrients in the medium and the production of yeast biomass suitable as a source of single-cell protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une souche floculante deSaccharomyces isolée du jus de canne à sucre a été utilisée pour produire l'éthanol, dans un réacteur continu à flux ascendant, par fermentation de milieux de culture de différentes compositions. Les meilleurs résultats ont été obtenus avec le jus de canne à sucre et les molasses. Les différences qu'on a vues selon le moût utilisé peuvent être dues à l'influence de la composition du milieu sur la vitesse de multiplication et la capacité floculante de la levure, donnant une modification de la concentration de biomasse dans le réacteur.
    Abstract: Resumen Una cepa floculante deSaccharomyces, aislada de jugo de caña de azúcar, se utilizó para producir etanol fermentando medios de distinta composición en un reactor continuo de flujo ascendente. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con jugo de caña de azúcar y con melaza. Las diferencias observadas según el mosto utilizado pueden deberse a la influencia de la composición del medio sobre la velocidad de multiplicación y capacidad foculante de la levadura, modificando de esta manera la concentración de biomasa dentro del reactor.
    Notes: Summary A flocculentSaccharomyces sp., isolated from spontaneously fermenting sugar-cane juice, was used to produce ethanol in a continuous upflow reactor. Media of different composition were tested using the same fermentation conditions. The best results were obtained fermenting either sugar-cane juice or molasses. The differences observed could be due to the influence of the medium composition on the growth rate and on the expression of the flocculent capacity of the yeast, both factors which modified the cell biomass concentration within the reactor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 4 (1988), S. 221-225 
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une souche deZymomonas sp., tolérante à l'éthanol, isolée d'un moût spontanné de canne à sucre, a été testée pour sa faculté de produire de l'éthanol en milieu non renouvelé, à l'état libre ou à l'état immobilisé dans la pectine. On s'est servi du CaCl2 pour la préparation des billes. Le CaCl2 a également été ajouté au milieu de fermentation pour améliorer la stabilité des billes. Tant l'immobilisation que la présence du CaCl2 au delà de 1 g par litre inhibent la fermentation jusqu'à un certain point. Mais le fait que les billes deZymomonas dans le pectine conservaient leur capacité fermentative et leur stabilité mécanique pendant environ 40 fermentations successives en milieu non renouvelé, ouvre la possibilité de les utiliser néanmoins en production continue d'éthanol. On discute aussi le rôle dans la fermentation des cellules libres ainsi que l'effet de la préincubation des billes.
    Abstract: Resumen Una cepa deZymomonas alcohol tolerante, aislada de jugo de caña de azúcar en fermentación espontánea, fue utilizada para ensayos de producción en lote de etanol, tanto libre como inmovilizada en pectina. En este último caso se utilizó CaCl2 en la preparación de las perlas como así también como componente del medio de fermentación, con el objeto de aumentar la estabilidad de las perlas. Los resultados obtenidos indican que tanto la inmovilización como una concentración de Cl2Ca en el medio superior a 1 g/l perjudicaron en cierto grado la fermentación. Las perlas deZymomonas-pectina mantuvieron la actividad fermentativa y estabílidad mecánica durante 40 fermentaciones en lote sucesivas, abriendo la posibilidad de su utilización en la producción continua de etanol. También se analiza la influencia sobre la fermentación de las células libres y de la preincubación de las perlas.
    Notes: Summary AZymomonas sp strain, alcohol tolerant, isolated from spontaneously fermenting sugarcane juice, was tested for the production of ethanol in batch, free and immobilized in pectin. CaCl2 was used during the preparation of the beads and also added to the fermentation medium to improve the stability of the beads. It was found that immmobilization, as well as CaCl2 above 1 gl−1 impaired fermentation to some extent. As theZymomonas-pectin beads maintained their fermentative capacity and mechanical stability during about 40 successive batch fermentations, this opens up the possibility of using them for the continuous production of ethanol. The role of free cells as well as the effect of the preincubation of the beads on fermentation are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 5 (1989), S. 327-333 
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Aspergillus niger que produit pectinestérase et polygalacturonase, quand est developpé dans un milieu avec pectine comme source de carbone a presenté le phenomene de diauxie. Cela ne succedait pas quand le milieu avait aussi extrait de levure dans sa composition. L'effect de la concentration initiale de pectine sur la production specifique des enzymes des cellules (unité d'enzyme g−1 de cellules poid sec) a été différent selon la phase du developpement de la culture, sugérant une rélation étroite parmi la synthèse des enzymes et l'état physiologique des cellules. L'augmentation de la concentration de pectine a troublé beaucoup la production spécifique de polygalacturonase. Au contraire, jusqu'à une concentration de 15 g/l a augmenté la synthèse de pectinestérase. La grandeur et structure des pellets ont changé avec la variation de la concentration de pectine, ces modifications peuvent avoir eu influence sur les valeurs des coefficients de transfert de masse et en conséquence sur la cinétique de production des enzymes. L'augmentation de la concentration iniciale d'extrait de levure dans le milieu que contenait pectine comme source de carbone a augmenté la production de biomasse, mais a baisse la synthèse des enzymes surtout celle de pectinestérase. Températures parmi 25°C et 40°C n'ont pas modifié la production de biomasse et non plus polygalacturonase. Au contraire la production de pectinesterase a été bien différente selon la température utilisé ayant un optimum de 30°C.
    Notes: Summary A pectinesterase- and polygalacturonase-producer strain ofAspergillus niger showed a diauxic growth when cultivated in a medium containing pectin as the carbon source. Diauxie was suppressed by adding yeast extract to the medium. The specific production of polygalacturonase was decreased by increasing the initial concentration of pectin, while that of pectinesterase was enhanced with up to 15 g pectin/l. Yeast extract increased the production of biomass but decreased that of the enzymes. The temperature of incubation (25 to 40°C) did not affect the production of biomass or that of polygalacturonase, but production of pectinesterase was markedly affected, 30°C being the optimal temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Candida utilis was grown in continuous culture with decreasing concentrations of phosphate. At a constant dllution rate three successlve growth patterns were observed: carbon-limited growth, carbon and phosphate dual-limited growth, and phosphatelimited growth. Phosphate deficlency as well as phosphate limitation produced significant modifications in cell composition and morphology, including cell size. At the lowest phosphate concentration (6 mg/P/I), the cell size was the largest and the relative contents of phosphorus and RNA in the cells was very low, with 96% of the total phosphorus being located in the RNA fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1993), S. 202-204 
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Aspergillus niger ; methanol ; methylotrophic yeasts ; pectinases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract During the production of pectinases by a strain of Aspergillus niger isolated from rotten lemons, methanol was liberated into the medium due to the cleavage of the pectin molecule used as the carbon source. The methanol was subsequently consumed by the microorganism but neither the synthesis nor the activity of pectinesterase and polygalacturonase was affected. Although not studied in detail, the mechanism involved in the utilization of methanol is similar to that described for methylotrophic yeasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1992), S. 107-109 
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 5 (1989), S. 87-94 
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une souche floculante deZymomonas mobilis subsp.mobilis a été isolée du jus de canne à sucre fermentée par sa flore microbienne naturelle. L'observation de coupes minces de cellules récoltées pendant la phase stationnaire, développées sur un milieu de culture avec saccharose, observés au microscope electronique on montré structures cytoplasmiques cristalloïdes allongées semblables aux peroxisomes des cellules eucaryotes, mais dépourvues d'une membrane extérieur. Ces structures n'ont pas été descriptes chezsZymomonas. En plus on a vu la formation de vésicules à partir de la membrane extérieur et aussi des zones de lyse. On discutés dans le travail considerations générales sur ces structures inhabituelles et aussi sa possible rélation parmi concentration d'ethanol, sucre et la phase de croissance des cultures.
    Notes: Summary A flocculent, high ethanol-producing strain ofZymomonas mobilis subsp.mobilis was isolated from spontaneously-fermenting sugar-cane juice. Cells collected during the stationary growth phase of a culture in sucrose based medium, were examined in thin section by electron microscopy and showed elongated crystalloid cytoplasmic structures, resembling eukaryote peroxisomes, but devoid of an external membrane. These structures have not been previously described inZymomonas. The formation of vesicles from an external membrane as well as zones of lysis were also observed. General considerations on the unusual structures are discussed in this report as well as their possible relationship between ethanol, sugar concentration and growth phases of the culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 6 (1990), S. 67-72 
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Quand la concentration d'alcool produit par fermentation monte de 0 a 94.8 g 1−1 dans un delai de 6 h ou moins, on appelle a cette fermentation, alcoolique rapide. Dans le present travail on a determiné les conditions pour avoir une fermentation alcoolique rapide a partir de glucose, utilisant une souche deZymomonas mobilis. On a trouvé que la concentration initiale de biomasse doit etre au moins 20 g de céllules poids sec/litre et la concentration du sucre doit se mantenir au dessous de 150–200 g 1−1 pendant la fermentation. Les meilleurs résultats qu'on a eu ont été avec un milieu qu'avait au dessous de 150–200 g 1−1 pendant la fermentation. Les meilleurs résultats qu'on a eu ont été avec un milieu qu'avait au commencement 1/6 du sucre total et l'excedent a été ajouté apres 20 minutes pendant 5 heures en quantités de 0.21 g/min. Aux 6 h la concentration d'alcool estarrivé a 102 g 1−1, le rendement calculé sur le sucre utilisé était 88% du théorique (79.8% du sucre alimenté) et la production volumétrique 17 g ethanol 1−1 h−1.
    Notes: Abstract Rapid ethanol fermentation is defined as a fermentation in which the ethanol content increases from 0 to 94.8 g 1−1 in 6 horless. To achieve this by the fermentation of glucose withZymomonas mobilis, the initial biomass concentration must be at least 20 g dry wt 1−1 and that of the substrate must not exceed 150 to 200 g 1−1 during fermentation. The best results were obtained with a medium containing initielly 16% of the total sugar with the remaining glucose being added continuously, after 20 min of incubation, over 5 h at a rate of 0.21 g/min. After 6 h, ethanol reached 102 g 1−1, the volumetric productivity was 17g ethanol 1−1 h−1 and the yield 79.8 or 88% of the theoretical value, calculated according to the total fed or the consumed glucose, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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