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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 9 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: Elephant seals breed in Patagonia (Península Valdés, Argentina) from late August to early November, reaching peak numbers during the first week in October. Observations of this population over the past ten years yielded similar results. Eighty percent of the pups were born by 2 October. Most (96%) of 663 females marked during three breeding seasons gave birth to a pup. Females stayed on land a mean of 28 d, gave birth 6 d after arrival, nursed their pups for 22 d, and copulated a mean of 2.5 times 20 d after parturition and 2 d before departure. Copulations peaked during the third week in October. Males spent 57–80 d on land fasting and defending harems of up to 134 females (median 11–13 females, depending on year). Most (96%) marked females that gave birth (n= 636) also weaned their pups successfully. Pup sex ratio was unity. Harems were smaller and breeding occurred about three weeks earlier in Patagonia than in other colonies. Thermal conditions, day length and food availability may explain clines in the timing of breeding events between populations, Other parameters of the breeding season for the expanding Patagonia colony are similar to those for declining southern elephant seal populations elsewhere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 19 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Respiratory and gill ventilatory responses of Sacramento blackfish to three environmental temperatures (12, 20 and 28°C) and four environmental dissolved oxygen concentrations (130, 90, 65 and 40 torr PO2) were examined to determine physiological strategies of survival in eutrophic lakes and suitibility for culture conditions. Situated in van Dam-type respirometers, experimental blackfish showed increased gill ventilatory flows from increased ventilatory frequencies and stroke volumes to meet higher respiratory oxygen demands at increased temperatures. Ventilation volumes also increased at reduced environmental dissolved oxygen levels by increased ventilatory stroke volumes alone, except at 28°C where frequency increases were also measured. Oxygen consumption rates remained essentially constant with declining dissolved oxygen, except at 28°C where excitement elevated respiratory metabolism at 65 and 40 torr. Percentage utilization of oxygen increased with temperature from 12°C, but levels at 20 and 28°C were insignificantly different. Contrary to most studies on other species, there was no change in percentage utilization under hypoxic conditions even with 4.7-fold increases in ventilation volume in excited fish at 28°C. The ability of blackfish to survive in hypoxic waters is quantitatively compared with other species by calculation of a respiratory efficiency index (I), which includes the relationship between ventilation volume and percentage utilization of oxygen under normoxic and hypoxic conditions as well as the half-saturation value (P50) of the species' blood with oxygen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Animal Behaviour 43 (1992), S. 541-548 
    ISSN: 0003-3472
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Animal Behaviour 43 (1992), S. 541-548 
    ISSN: 0003-3472
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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