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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-resolved spectroscopic measurements of ∼1 keV, dense, subnanosecond X-pinch plasma bright spots : Review,Tutorial and Invited Papers from the 43rd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 2165-2172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Bright, ∼1 μm x-ray sources (micropinches) produced within exploding wire X pinches are found to be near solid density and ∼1 keV electron temperature. For example, with a Ti X pinch, a 90 ps lifetime, 1.5–1.8 keV electron temperature, ∼1023/cm3 electron density plasma was observed. These plasma characteristics were determined using time-resolved x-ray spectra produced by 2- and 4-wire X pinches and collected by an x-ray streak camera with 〈10 ps time resolution. Together with a spherically bent mica crystal spectrograph, the streak camera recorded the 1–10 keV radiation emitted from X pinches made from different wire materials. Some spectra were dominated by continuum and others by line radiation. Spectral features varied on time scales ranging from 10 to 300 ps, depending on the wire material. Results are presented that demonstrate the necessity of time-resolved data for determining plasma conditions from micropinch x-ray spectra. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1458587
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experiments measuring the initial energy deposition, expansion rates and morphology of exploding wires with about 1 kA/wire (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 216-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Wire-array Z-pinch implosion experiments begin with wire heating, explosion, and plasma formation phases that are driven by an initial 50–100 ns, 0–1 kA/wire portion of the current pulse. This paper presents expansion rates for the dense, exploding wire cores for several wire materials under these conditions, with and without insulating coatings, and shows that these rates are related to the energy deposition prior to plasma formation around the wire. The most rapid and uniform expansion occurs for wires in which the initial energy deposition is a substantial fraction of the energy required to completely vaporize the wire. Conversely, wire materials with less energy deposition relative to the vaporization energy show complex internal structure and the slowest, most nonuniform expansion. This paper also presents calibrated radial density profiles for some Ag wire explosions, and structural details present in some wire explosions, such as foam-like appearance, stratified layers and gaps. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1323759
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of insulating coatings on exploding wire plasma formation (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 429-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Substantial increases are reported in the expansion rates of exploding, dense wire cores under conditions simulating the prepulse phase of wire array z-pinch experiments [R. B. Spielman et al., Phys. Plasmas 5, 2105 (1998)] using wires with insulating coatings. The insulation apparently allows additional wire heating by delaying the formation of plasma around the wires. Once plasma is formed it terminates significant current flow in the residual wire cores. This effect is demonstrated for 25-μm diameter W and 25-μm diameter Ag wires. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873825
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Point-projection x-ray radiography using an X pinch as the radiation source : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 667-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Using an X pinch as a source of radiation for point-projection radiography, it is possible to project a high-resolution (1–10 μm) shadow image of dense plasma or test objects onto x-ray-sensitive film. The emission characteristics of X pinches composed of a wide variety of materials have been studied using several diagnostics. The pulse duration and shape of the x-ray bursts were measured in the 1.5–6 keV band using fast diamond PCDs and an x-ray streak camera with sweep speeds as fast as 10 ns for the full sweep (3.5 cm). To investigate the line and continuum radiation emitted by the X pinches, a convex spectrograph using a mica or KAP crystal, and a spectrograph based on a spherically bent mica crystal were used. Summarizing the data, including radiography results, wires known to have slower expansion rates and high boiling temperatures (NiCr, Ti, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ta, W, and Pt) appeared to yield the smallest x-ray source sizes, i.e., gave the best spatial resolution in radiographs and provided subnanosecond time resolution. All of these materials yield intense continuum radiation with energy up to 6 keV, and the highest resolution images are achieved using only the continuum radiation from the X pinch. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1323252
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal parameters of the X-pinch x-ray source (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 2948-2956 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The X pinch has proved to be an excellent source of 2.5–10 keV radiation for point-projection radiography with spatial resolution of 2 μm or even better. The pulse duration of the x-ray bursts has been investigated for a wide variety of wire materials in the 1.5–10 keV energy range using a set of fast diamond photoconducting detectors with different filters, and using an x-ray streak camera to observe the source through four different filters on each pulse. All wires tested have intense continuum up to at least 6 keV, and the duration of the pulse is shorter for the harder radiation component for all materials. However, there are substantial differences between materials. For example, the pulse duration for Al with filtering for energy ≥1.5 and ≥5 keV are about 1 and 0.5 ns, respectively. By contrast, for Mo with filtering for energy ≥2.5 and ≥5 keV, the pulse durations are about 200 ps and ≤80 ps, respectively. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1379961
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