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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neurochemistry 75 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract : This is the first report on the protective effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) overexpression against oxidative stress-mediated neuronal cell death and demonstration of a decreased production of oxygen free radicals when HO-1 levels are increased. HO-1 is the heat shock/stress cognate of the heat shock protein 32 family of proteins. A known function of these proteins is α-meso bridge-specific cleavage of the heme molecule. For the present study, we used cerebellar granular neurons (CGNs) isolated from homozygous transgenic (Tg) mice that overexpress HO-1 under neuron-specific enolase control and nontransgenic (Ntg) littermates. The Tg mouse CGNs were characterized by increased levels of HO-1 mRNA and protein, a lower resting intracellular calcium concentration, and a reduced HO-1 transcriptional response to glutamate-mediated oxidative stress. Compared with the Ntg neurons, when exposed to glutamate (30 μM or 3 mM), the magnitude of cell viability was increased and the number of cells exhibiting membrane permeability and chromatin condensation were significantly decreased in the Tg CGN cultures. The population of neurons surviving glutamate toxicity decreased when HO-1 activity was inhibited by a peptide inhibitor. The neuroprotective effect by HO-1 was extended to H2O2-induced cell death. The mechanism of protection may involve in part a reduced production of reactive oxygen species upon exposure to glutamate. We suggest that induction of HO-1 by pharmacological means may be a novel approach to amelioration of oxidative insults to neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 28 (1989), S. 2496-2501 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 8132-8147 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: We study the Cn and BCn Ruijsenaars–Schneider models with interaction potential of trigonometric and rational types. The Lax pairs for these models are constructed and the involutive Hamiltonians are also given. Taking a nonrelativistic limit, we also obtain the Lax pairs for the corresponding Calogero–Moser systems. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 42 (2001), S. 4894-4914 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: We study the elliptic Cn and BCn Ruijsenaars–Schneider models which are elliptic generalization of systems given in previous paper by the present authors [Chen et al., J. Math. Phys. 41, 8132 (2000)]. The Lax pairs for these models are constructed by Hamiltonian reduction technology. We show that the spectral curves can be parametrized by the involutive integrals of motion for these models. Taking nonrelativistic limit and scaling limit, we verify that they lead to the systems corresponding to Calogero–Moser and Toda types. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 31 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Three different α1-adrenoceptor subtypes, designated α1A, α1B and α1D, have been cloned and identified pharmacologically in cardiomyocytes. In vitro studies have suggested that α1-adrenoceptors play an important role in facilitating cardiac hypertrophy. However, it remains controversial as to which subtype of α1-adrenoceptors is involved in this response. In the present study, we investigated the different role of each α1-adrenoceptor subtype in mediating cardiomyocyte protein synthesis, which is a most important characteristic of cardiac hypertrophy in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.2. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was monitored by the following characteristic phenotypic changes: (i) an increase in protein synthesis; (ii) an increase in total protein content; and (iii) an increase in cardiomyocyte size.3. The role of each α1-adrenoceptor subtype in mediating cardiomyocyte protein synthesis was investigated by the effect of specific α1-adrenoceptor subtype-selective antagonists on noradrenaline-induced [3H]-leucine incorporation. In addition, pKB values for α1-adrenoceptor subtype-selective antagonists were calculated and compared with the corresponding pKi values to further identify their effects.4. Activation of α1-adrenoceptors by phenylephrine or noradrenaline in the presence of propranolol significantly increased [3H]-leucine incorporation, protein content and cell size.5. Pre-incubating cardiomyocytes with 5-methyl-urapidil, RS 17053 or WB 4101 significantly inhibited noradrenaline-induced [3H]-leucine incorporation. However, there was no effect when cardiomyocytes were pre-incubated with BMY 7378. The correlation coefficients between pKB values for α1-adrenoceptor subtype-selective antagonists and pKi values obtained from cloned α1A-, α1B- or α1D-adrenoceptors were 0.92 (P 〈 0.01), 0.66 (P 〉 0.05) and 0.24 (P 〉 0.05), respectively.6. Our results suggest that the α1-adrenoceptor is dominantly responsible for adrenergic hypertrophy of cultured cardiomyocytes in neonatal rats. The efficiency in mediating cardiomyocyte protein synthesis is α1A 〉 α1B ≫ α1D.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The rat is a widely used model in biomedical research and is often the preferred rodent model in many areas of physiological and pathobiological research. Although many genetic tools are available for the rat, methods to produce gene-disrupted knockout rats are greatly needed. In ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; Angiogenesis ; Color Doppler sonography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Tumor growth and metastases require the development of new vessels (angiogenesis). Angiogenesis, assessed by microvessel count using immunocytochemical stain of endothelial cells, has been shown to predict metastases and correlate with early death. Recently developed color Doppler mapping can detect the “tumor flow signals” in breast cancer and help to distinguish it from benign lesions. The question is, does this tumor vascularization assessed by color Doppler mapping correlate with the angiogenesis assessed by immunocytochemistry? Methods: Eighty-four patients admitted for breast surgery were studied. The final diagnosis was made by pathology for 52 malignancies and 32 benign lesions. The color Doppler mapping of the breast lesion was made preoperatively. The following parameters were assessed: (a) vessel location (peripheral or central); (b) density of color Doppler signals; and (c) maximum systolic velocity. Tumor angiogenesis was assessed by microvessel count under light microscopy using the platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule antibodies (CD31) method. The correlation between maximum velocity and microvessel count of breast cancer was examined. The clinical significance of maximum flow velocity of breast cancer with various clinicopathologic factors was assessed. Results: Color signals were detected in 48 cases of 52 malignancies (92%). All tumors demonstrated signals at the periphery of the lesion but in only 13 (27%) were the signals detected within the tumor. Color signals were scored as + + or + + + in 44 (92%) patients. Pulsed wave blood flow was shown in all these 48 tumors, with maximum velocities varying from 4 to 36 cm/s. Among the 32 benign lesions, color signals were detected in 10 (31%) and all were peripheral and scored subjectively as +. Evaluation of these color Doppler mapping parameters shows no significant correlation with microvessel counts using CD31 monoclonal antibodies. However, there was a positive association (p〈0.05) between nodal metastases and higher tumor flow velocity in T1 (〈2 cm) breast tumors but not in larger tumors. Conclusion: Although the color Doppler mapping has been shown to be useful in distinguishing benign from malignant breast lesions, the intensity of signal and velocity of flow had no correlation with the extent of angiogenesis of breast cancer. The presence of high-flow tumor signal in early breast carcinoma is significantly associated with the presence of axillary lymph node metastases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: glutamine ; intestinal amino acid metabolism ; small bowel resection ; arginine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Glutamine (Gln)-supplemented total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been shown to improve mucosal adaptation after massive small bowel resection (SBR); however, its influences on intestinal amino acid metabolism remain unknown. In this study, intestinal amino acid flux, circulating plasma aminogram, mucosal glutaminase activity and protein, and DNA content were measured 7 days after massive SBR in rats receiving either standard (Std) or Gln-supplemented TPN. Sham-operated rats and rats fed chow after enterectomy served as controls. The uptake of Gln and the release of citrulline (Cit) by the remaining intestine was significantly decreased, with reduced mucosal glutaminase activity after SBR in the Chow and Std-TPN groups. Glutamine supplementation resulted in significantly increased gut Gln uptake compared with Std-TPN (P〈0.01). Mucosal glutaminase activity, mucosal protein, and DNA content was also increased by Gln; however, the gut release of Cit remained unchanged (P〉0.05). The subsequent decrease in circulating arginine (Arg) in the Gln-TPN group compared with the Std-TPN group (P〈0.05) was attributed to an insufficient exogenous supply. These findings show that Gln-supplemented TPN improves mucosal growth and gut Gln uptake after SBR. However, the intestinal production of Cit, which remained low in both TPN groups, may lead to an insufficiency of endogenous Arg synthesis. Thus, both Gln and Arg may be essential amino acids after SBR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 19 (1995), S. 468-469 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a analysé rétrospectivement 954 patients ayant un cancer gastrique provenant d'un seul Hôpital de Taiwan entre 1971 et 1990 dans le but d'évaluer l'évolution du traitement. Les patients ont été étudiés selon quatre périodes correspondant à la pratique d'une résection de plus en plus agressive et d'un curage lymphatique de plus en plus étendu. Les données clinicopatholgiques et les taux de survie ont été analysés en fonction de l'étendue de la résection. On a constaté une augmentation de la proportion de tumeurs du tiers proximal (de 14.8% à 20.4%) et une baisse des tumeurs du type intestinal (73.6% à 41.5%). La proportion de patients ayant un cancer au début a augmenté de 11.5% à 19.4%. Les patients ayant eu une gastrectomie totale seule ou combinée à une résection d'organe de voisinage a augmenté de 13.7% à 27.4% et de 19.8% à 41%, respectivement. On a également constaté une augmentation du nombre total d'adénopathies enlevées et de l'incidence de métastases ganglionnaires détectées dans les cancers au début au fur et à mesure que l'étendue de la lymphadénectomic s'est développée. Une amélioration de la survie à 5 ans a été observée pour tous les stades de cancer exceptés ceux ayant une lésion T4 ou stade IV alors que la mortalité a diminué de 5.5% à 2.0% pendant ce même délai. Les patients qui ont tiré le plus de bénéfice du traitement radical étaient ceux qui avaient un cancer du stade II ou T2. La lymphadénectomie systématique augmente la survie d'environ 10% chez les patients du stade III ou T3, mais pas chez les patients du stade IV ou ayant une lésion T4. L'analyse multifactorielle a confirmé l'importance de la technique de dissection sur le pronostic du cancer gastrique dans cette population. En conclusion, on a documenté un changement épidémiologique du cancer gastrique à Taiwan. La baisse de mortalité indique que l'on peut effectuer une chirurgie radicale avec sécurité. Bien qu'il semble possible d'améliorer d'avantage la survie par ‘upstaging’ le stade, la gastrectomie radicale avec lymphadénectomie étendue pourrait être adaptée pour donner un contrôle satisfaisant de la maladie régionale.
    Abstract: Resumen Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de 954 pacientes con cáncer resecable del estómago en una única institución de Taiwan entre 1971 y 1990, con el fin de determinar la mejoría en los resultados de la cirugía por cáncer gástrico. Los pacientes fueron divididos en 4 períodos que representaban la experiencia en la implementación progresiva de la técnica de resección radical y linfadenectomía sistemática extensa. Se hizo un análisis estadístico comparativo de los datos clínico-patológicos y del efecto de la radicalidad de la resección sobre la tase de sobrevida. En el período de estudio se encontró un incremento significativo en la proporción de los tumores del tercio superior (de 14.8% a 20.4%), disminución en la incidencia del carcinoma de tipo intestinal (73.6% a 41.5%) y ascenso del cáncer gástrico temprano (precoz) de 11.5% a 19.4%: La proporción de pacientes sometidos a gastrectomía total y resección visceral combinada ascendió de 13.7% a 27.4% y de 19.8% a 41.1%, respectivamente. Tanto el aumento en el número total de ganglios linfáticos disecados como en la incidencia de metástasis ganglionares detectadas en los pacientes con cáncer gástrico temprano apareció asociado con una linfadenectomía más extensa. Se halló mejoría en la tasa de sobrevida a cinco años luego de resección agresiva en todos los estadíos, excepto el estadío IV y lesión T4, en tanto que la mortalidad quirúrgica descendió de 5.5% a 3.0%. Los pacientes en estadíos tempranos se beneficiaron más de la resección radical, especialmente aquellos en estadío II y lesiones T2. La disección ganglionar sistemática podría incrementar la tasa de sobrevida a cinco años en los pacientes en estadío III o con lesiones T3 en cerca de 10%, pero no así en los pacientes en estadío IV o con lesiones T4. El análisis multivariable confirmó la significancia de las mejores técnicas de linfadenectomía sobre el pronóstico del cáncer gástrico luego de resección, en Taiwan. En conclusión, se ha demostrado un patrón cambiante de la epidemiología del cáncer de estómago en Taiwan; la disminución en la mortalidad quirúrgica indica que la resección curativa con disección ganglionar extensa puede ser realizada con buen margen de seguridad, aunque se acepta la posibilidad de la “upstaging”. la gastrectomía radical con linfadenectomía extensa puede ser adoptada en la resección del cáncer del estómago para lograr un posible mejor control de la enfermedad local-regional.
    Notes: Abstract A retrospective study of 954 resectable gastric cancers in a single institute of Taiwan from 1971 to 1990 was performed to evaluate improvements in gastric cancer surgery. The patients were divided into four time periods representing an overall experience of progressive implementation of aggressive resection and increased extent of systematic lymph node dissection. The clinicopathologic data and survival rates were statistically compared and the significance of the extent of resection on survival analyzed. A significant increase in the proportion of upper one-third tumors (from 14.8% to 20.4%) and a decrease in the incidence of intestinal type (73.6% to 41.5%) was found within the overall period. The proportion of patients with early gastric cancer increased from 11.5% to 19.4%. Patients who underwent total gastrectomy and combined visceral resection increased from 13.7% to 27.4% and 19.8% to 41.1%, respectively. An increase of both total dissected lymph, node number and the incidence of detected lymph node metastases in early gastric cancer were associated with more extensive lymphadenectomy. An improved 5-year survival rate following aggressive resection was found for all stages except stage IV and T4 lesions, and the surgical mortality decreased from 5.5% to 2.0%. Patients with earlier stage lesions benefited more from radical resection, especially those with stage II and T2 lesions. Systematic lymph node dissection increased the 5-year survival of patients by about 10% for stage III or T3 lesions, but not for patients with stage IV or T4 lesions. Multivariate analysis confirmed the significance of the improved technique of lymphadenectomy on the prognosis of gastric cancer following resection in Taiwan. In conclusion, a changing pattern of gastric cancer epidemiology in Taiwan is documented. A decrease in surgical mortality indicates that curative resection with extensive lymph node dissection can be safely performed. Although potential for increasing survival by upstaging remains, radical gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy could be adopted for gastric cancer resection with possibly more adequate control of locoregional disease.
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