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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of five promoters for use in transformation of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) (1997)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 16 (1997), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Abbreviations:GUS =β-Glucuronidase, EC = embryogenic callus, YLMP = young leaflet from mature palm, YLSP = young leaflet from seedling palm, MU = methyl umbelliferone, MUG = 4-methyl-β-D-glucuronide, X-gluc = 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoyl-glucuronide, Ubi1 = maize ubiquitin 1, Act1 = rice actin 1, Adh1 = maize alcohol dehydrogenase 1, Emu = a recombinant truncated maize alcohol dehydrogenase 1, ANOVA = Analysis of variance, DMRT = Duncan's Multiple Range Test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The efficiency of GUS (β-Glucuronidase) gene expression in embryogenic callus and young leaflets of mature and seedling palm after microprojectile bombardment with five constructs (pEmuGN, pAHC25, pAct1-F4, pGH24 and pBARGUS) was evaluated to identify the most suitable promoter(s) to use in transformation attempts in oil palm. Expression of the GUS gene driven by the Emu, Ubi1, Act1, 35S or Adh1 was assayed, both histochemically and fluorometrically, from a total of 200 plates of tissues in eight independent experiments two days after bombardment. A completely randomized experimental design was used for each experiment, and the data analysed by ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The expression level of GUS driven by the Emu or Ubi1 promoters was significantly higher than that of the Act1, 35S and Adh1 promoters in many experiments, and that of the Adh1 was significantly lower than those of the other four promoters. Both histochemical and fluorometric data indicate that in embryogenic callus, the expression of the Emu promoter was higher than that of the Ubi1 whereas in young leaflets from mature palm the Ubi1 expression was stronger. The performances of the five promoters were also tested in tobacco callus using a fluorometric GUS assay. The activity of the 35S promoter was highest, and significantly different from that of all the other promoters except the Emu, and that of the Act1 promoter was lowest. These results indicate that either the Ubi1 or Emu promoter should facilitate the expression of desired genes in oil palm and aid in development of an efficient stable transformation system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01088280
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stably transformed herbicide resistant callus of sugarcane via microprojectile bombardment of cell suspension cultures and electroporation of protoplasts (1992)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 11 (1992), S. 494-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Sugarcane ; cell suspension ; protoplast ; microprojectile bombardment ; electroporation ; GUS ; bar ; PAT ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Stably transformed callus of a hybrid sugarcane cultivar (Saccharum species hybrid, CP72-1210) was achieved following high velocity microprojectile bombardment of suspension culture cells, and electroporation of protoplasts. A three-day old cell suspension culture (SC88) was bombarded with gold particles coated with pBARGUS plasmid DNA containing the ß-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene and the bar selectable gene that confers resistance to the herbicide basta. The pBARGUS plasmid was also electroporated into the protoplasts of another cell line (SCPP). Colonies resistant to basta were recovered from both sources. Stable integration of the bar gene in the resistant cell lines was confirmed by Southern analysis. In addition, phosphinothricin acetyltransf erase (PAT) activity was also demonstrated in the transformed cell lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236264
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial DNA variation in long-term tissue cultured rice lines (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 81-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Rice (Oryza sativa) ; Mitochondrial DNA ; S-(2-amino)-ethyl-L-cysteine ; Tissue culture ; Restriction and hybridization patterns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effects of long-term tissue culture on mitochondrial DNAs were examined using rice (Oryza sativa) cell suspension cultures. Mitochondrial DNAs were isolated from P. I. 353705 (an indica subspecies of rice similar to ‘Asam 5’), its anther-culture-derived line BL2 (an 8-year-old cell suspension culture), and five other cell lines (A1, A7, A11, A13, and A23), also derived from BL2 and independently selected for resistance to the lysine analog, S-(2-amino)-ethyl-L-cysteine. Mitochondrial DNAs of the rice lines were digested with ten restriction endonucleases (BamHI, BglII, EcoRI, EcoRV, HindIII, PstI, PvuII, SalI, SmaI, and XhoI), electrophoresed, and transferred to nylon membranes. Southern blots were hybridized with one rice and five maize probes containing mitochondrial genes. The restriction patterns of ten Southern blots and hybridization patterns of 60 endonuclease/probe combinations were analyzed. DNAs from all sources produced unique restriction patterns when digested with HindIII or BglII; with the other endonucleases an array of similarities and differences was observed. Lines BL2 and A11 showed unique patterns with all restriction endonucleases tested. No hybridization pattern differences were observed among the lines when probes containing apt9 and atpA were used. However, extensive hybridization pattern differences were observed with coxI, coxII, rrn18-rrn5, and atp6 probes. Both restriction and hybridization patterns revealed variation due to tissue culture effect. Coxll was most efficient in revealing the uniqueness of BL2. Among the analog selected lines A11 was most divergent, and probes rrn18-rrn5 and atp6 were most efficient in revealing its distinctiveness. Unique mitochondrial genomic organizations were found to be associated with long-term tissue culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224019
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The genetical basis of hybrid vigour in a highly heterotic cross of Nicotiana tabacum (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 89 (1994), S. 1027-1031 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Basic generations ; Epistasis ; Maternal effects ; Recombinant inbreds ; Triple test cross
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genetical control of F1 heterosis, observed in a cross of desirable Nicotiana tabacum varieties, was investigated by analysing the data of the basic generations, triple test cross-families and random samples of doubled haploids (DH) and single-seed descent (SSD) lines. Analyses of the first-degree statistics revealed a complex control underlying the genetic variation, including the presence of epistasis, linkage, maternal effects and their interactions, in addition to the additive and dominance effects of the genes segregating in the cross. These analyses identified gene dispersion, directional dominance, and duplicate epistasis, as the main causes of heterosis. The triple test-cross analysis also confirmed the presence of non-allelic interactions and indicated that the dominance ratio, although inflated by epistasis, is consistently partial for all the traits. The extent of transgression in the recombinant inbred lines finally established unequivocally that, as in numerous other crosses, gene dispersion and unidirectional, but partial, dominance are the true causes of heterosis in this cross too.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224534
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of genotypic and environmental response to androgenesis in Nicotiana rustica (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 70 (1985), S. 128-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Anther culture ; Androgenesis ; Haploid production ; Pretreatment ; Tobacco
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A total of six genotypes of Nicotiana rustica comprising the two F1's (V2 × V12 and V1 × V5) and their parents were evaluated for their efficiency in haploid production. Excised immature flower buds with pollen at late uninucleate to early binucleate stage were pretreated for 21 days at 5 ° or 7 °C, or for 15 days at 9 °C before culturing on Nitsch's medium+ 0.1 mg/l NAA. The effects of genotype, pretreatment and their interaction were tested on anther response, anther productivity and days to first plantlet formation. Highly significant genotype X pretreatment interaction and differences between genotypes were observed for all three characters. Significant differences between pretreatments were observed for anther productivity only. The performance of V12 both in respect of anther productivity and response was highest whereas that of V5 was the lowest. Analysis of variance showed that a simple additive genetic model was not adequate to explain the above variation due to significant additive genetic and dominance interactions with the pretreatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275311
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial DNA variation in pearl millet and related species (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Mitochondrial DNA ; Restriction patterns ; Mitochondrial gene probes ; Pennisetum species ; Phylo-genetic relationship ; Mitochondrial genome size
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction endonuclease fragment patterns and patterns of mtDNA hybridized by mitochondrial gene probes were used to study phylogenetic relationships of seven Pennisetum species, including five P. americanum (pearl millet) ecotypes and a reference species from the distantly related genus, Panicum. The restriction patterns of the pearl millet ecotypes were uniform with the exception of the ecotype collected in Ethiopia. The probe hybridization method revealed more variability, with both the Rhodesian and Ethiopian ecotypes differing from the others and from each other. Considerable restriction pattern polymorphism was noted among different species of Pennisetum, and Panicum. Significant relationships were noted of Pennisetum polystachyon to P. pedicellatum and of P. purpureum to P. squamulatum using the restriction pattern method. In addition to those relationships, the hybridization method showed relationships of pearl millet to P. purpureum and to P. squamulatum. The relationships noted between species by the hybridization method agreed more closely to the cytological data than those indicated by the restriction pattern method. Therefore, the hybridization method appeared to be the preferred method for studying species relationships. The mitochondrial genome size of pearl millet was calculated to be 407 kb and the mitochondrial genome sizes of other Pennisetum species ranged from 341 to 486 kb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288827
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of pearl millet mitochondrial DNA fragments rearranged by reversion from cytoplasmic male sterility to fertility (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 81 (1991), S. 793-799 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic male sterility ; Hybridization patterns ; Mitochondria ; Pennisetum glaucum ; Reversion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cloned pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] mitochondrial (mt) DNA fragments rearranged by spontaneous reversion from cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) to fertility were characterized by restriction mapping, hybridization with maize mt genes, and transcription analyses. The clones characterized were a 4.7-kb fragment found only in the male-sterile cytoplasm and lost upon reversion to fertility, a 10.9-kb fragment found in all cytoplasms and not changed by reversion, a 13.6-kb fragment found in the male-sterile and -fertile normal cytoplasms and lost in seven of the eight revertants studied, and a 9.7-kb fragment not found in the male-sterile cytoplasm but produced by reversion from male sterility to fertility. The restriction maps verified that the four cloned pearl millet fragments contained two sets of repeated sequences, one on the 4.7-, 10.9-, and 13.6-kb fragments, the other on the 13.6- and 9.7-kb fragments. The rrn18, rrn5, and coxI genes were located in the repeated regions of the 4.7-, 10.9-, and 13.6-kb cloned fragments. The correlation of reversion (eight independent events) with the loss of fragments containing the rrn18, rrn5, and coxI genes suggests that those lost fragments and their gene content could be responsible for the expression of cms. Transcriptional analyses using both Northern blots and end-labeled mtRNA probes verified that transcripts homologous to the rrn18 and coxI genes were present in pearl millet total mtRNA. However, no transcript differences were detected among cms, revertant, and fertile normal cytoplasms, suggesting that the reversion process involves mutational changes that may not affect transcript size. Transcript analyses indicated that the 10.9-kb clone contained an unidentified gene on the end opposite the rrn18 gene; however, since it was present in all cytoplasms, it is not believed to be involved in cms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224992
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis of organelle DNA of different subspecies of rice and the genomic stability of mtDNA in tissue cultured cells of rice (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 533-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Rice (Oryza sativa) ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Chloroplast DNA ; Restriction pattern ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Chloroplast (ct) and mitochondrial (mt) DNAs were isolated from two subspecies of rice (Oryza sativa), japonica (Calrose 76) and indica (PI353705) and compared by restriction endonuclease fragment pattern analysis. Similarly, PI353705 (A5) mtDNA was also compared with the mtDNA of its long term tissue cultured line, BL2. Variation in the ctDNA of the 2 subspecies was detected with two (AvaI and BglI) of the 11 restriction endonucleases tested, whereas their mtDNAs showed considerable variation when restricted by PstI, BamHI, HindIII and XhoI endonucleases. Thus, the chloroplast DNA was more highly conserved than the mtDNA in the subspecies comparisons. Only minor variation was observed between the restriction endonuclease patterns of the mtDNAs of BL2 and A5. Southern blots of mtDNA were hybridized with heterologous probes from maize and spinach organelle genes. Differences were found in the hybridization patterns of the two subspecies for six of the eight (mitochondrial and chloroplast) probes tested. Two of the seven (mitochondrial) probes (coxII and 26S rRNA) detected tissue culture generated variation in mtDNA. The relative values of restriction endonuclease and hybridization patterns for studying phylogenetic and genetic relationships in rice are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260903
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis of plants regenerated from embryogenic cultures of hybrid sugarcane cultivars (Saccharum spp.) (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 86 (1993), S. 181-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Sugarcane ; Gramineae ; Tissue culture ; RFLP ; Molecular analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The genomic stability of tissue culture regenerants of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids, cvs ‘CP721210’, ‘CP68-1067’ and ‘B43-62’) was analyzed by DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Plants regenerated from calli, cell suspensions, cryopreserved cell suspensions and protoplasts were used. Total DNA isolated from 19 different sources was digested with EcoRI, HindIII, BamHI, BamHI, EcoRI and PstI and probed with six known maize mitochondrial genes (coxI, coxII, atpA, atp6, atp9 and rrn18-rrn5), three random maize mitochondrial cosmid clones, two random maize chloroplast cosmid clones and a wheat Nor locus clone. Hybridization patterns indicated that the variation observed was minor and appeared only in the secondcycle regenerants. No differences were observed among the three cultivars and the regenerants from calli, suspension culture, cryopreserved suspension culture and protoplasts. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) isolated from ‘CP72-1210’ plants and its embryogenic cell suspensions, and bulk samples from all ‘CP72-1210’ regenerants pooled together were digested with EcoRI, HindIII, PstI, BamHI and SalI and probed with three recombinationally active wheat mtDNA clones, K′, K3 and X2. No variation in the mtDNA restriction patterns was observed between the ‘CP72-1210’ plants and its regenerants. However, restriction pattern variation was observed only from EcoRI digestion, and hybridization patterns of K3, K′ and X2 revealed minor variations in the mtDNA of cell suspensions when compared with the DNA of the ‘CP72-1210’ plant. Except for a qualitative variation detected by the X2 probe and minor stoichiometric variations detected by the K3 probe, sugarcane DNAs were found to be stable after plant regeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222077
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of five promoters for use in transformation of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) (1997)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 16 (1997), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The efficiency of GUS (β-Glucuronidase) gene expression in embryogenic callus and young leaflets of mature and seedling palm after microprojectile bombardment with five constructs (pEmuGN, pAHC25, pAct1-F4, pGH24 and pBARGUS) was evaluated to identify the most suitable promoter(s) to use in transformation attempts in oil palm. Expression of the GUS gene driven by theEmu, Ubi1, Act1 35S orAdh1 was assayed, both histochemically and fluorometrically, from a total of 200 plates of tissues in eight independent experiments two days after bombardment. A completely randomized experimental design was used for each experiment, and the data analysed by ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The expression level of GUS driven by theEmu orUbi1 promoters was significantly higher than that of the Act], 35S and Adhl promoters in many experiments, and that of theAdhl was significantly lower than those of the other four promoters. Both histochemical and fluorometric data indicate that in embryogenic callus, the expression of theEmu promoter was higher than that of theUbi1 whereas in young leaflets from mature palm the Ubi1 expression was stronger. The performances of the five promoters were also tested in tobacco callus using a fluorometric GUS assay. The activity of the 35S promoter was highest, and significantly different from that of all the other promoters except theEmu, and that of theAct1 promoter was lowest. These results indicate that either theUbil orEmu promoter should facilitate the expression of desired genes in oil palm and aid in development of an efficient stable transformation system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01088280
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