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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproduction in the greenback grey mullet, Liza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 16 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This paper presents data on the reproductive biology of Liza subviridis, a little studied mullet species. The fish is heterosexual, exhibiting external fertilization. Six maturity stages can be macroscopically identified in the testes and seven in the ovaries. The macroscopic changes in the gonads are manifestations of histological changes occurring in the development of sperm cells and oocytes. First sexual maturity is attained in the length ranges of 9.5–11.5 cm and 10.5–11.5 cm in male and female fish respectively. The fecundity for fish measuring 10.3–13.9 cm in standard length ranged from 40 000–145 000 eggs. The relationship between fecundity (F) and length (L) can be represented as: F= 1.9044 L4.2998. The spawning duration in L. subviridis is restricted to a short and definite period, with all ripe ova being released within a single spawning act. A pronounced spawning season can be detected to extend from June to November. However, during off-seasons, some spawning also occurs. The correlations between spawning, rainfall and air temperature is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1980.tb03730.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The food and feeding habits of greenback grey mullet, Liza subviridis (Valenciennes), from different habitats and at various stages of growth (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An analysis of the stomach contents of Liza subviridis at various stages of growth and from different habitat types is given. Transitions in diet with respect to size were observed. Postlarval stages of less than 12 mm standard length fed only on zooplankton. The transition to bottom feeding occurred in specimens 16–20 mm, with food items consisting of zooplankton, diatoms, detrital material and inorganic sediment. The transition was complete on attaining a length of 24 mm whereby food items comprised diatoms, detrital material, filamentous algae and inorganic sediment. The relevance of this information in aquaculture is discussed. The stomach contents of adult Liza subviridis taken from different habitat types were consistent, comprising diatoms, detrital material and inorganic sediment. Filamentous algae was also consumed where available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1979.tb03580.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of stocking density on the growth of estuary grouper, Epinephelus salmoides Maxwell, cultured in floating net-cages
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Aquaculture 15 (1978), S. 273-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8486
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(78)90037-6
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary observation on the dietary protein requirement of estuary grouper, Epinephelus salmoides Maxwell, cultured in floating net-cages
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Aquaculture 15 (1978), S. 257-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8486
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(78)90036-4
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative growth and production of the estuary grouper Epinephelus salmoides under different stocking densities in floating net-cages (1979)
    Springer
    Marine biology 54 (1979), S. 363-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Studies on the relative growth and production of the estuary grouper Epinephelus salmoides Maxwell were conducted in floating net-cages at 5 different stocking densities to determine the optimal level for stocking for commercial culture. The fish were stocked at densities of 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 fish per m3, and reared for a period of 8 months. Results of the present study indicated that fish stocked at a density of 60 fish m-3 grew equally fast and showed a food conversion ratio, mortality rate, and condition factor comparable to those at the lower stocking densities of 15 and 30 fish m-3. At the end of the experiments, net-yield and production at this level of stocking density (60 fish m-3) were not significantly different from those at the higher stocking densities of 90 and 120 fish m-3, but showed increases of 86.7% over those at a stocking density of 30 fish m-3 and 294.2% over those at a stocking density of 15 fish m-3. The stocking density of 60 fish m-3 is therefore taken as the optimal stocking rate for economical production of estuary groupers in floating net-cages. The estuary groupers take 7 to 8 months to grow from 15–16 g to marketable size (〉500 g) at a stocking density of 15 fish m-3, 8 to 9 months at a stocking density of 30 to 60 fish m-3 and 11 to 12 months at 90 to 120 fish m-3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395442
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of artificial hides to increase the stocking density and production of estuary grouper, Epinephelus salmoides Maxwell, reared in floating net cages
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Aquaculture 16 (1979), S. 219-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8486
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(79)90110-8
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ischaemic colitis and colorectal cancer: some problems and pitfalls (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 8 (1993), S. 210-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 4 cas parmi 204 nouveaux cas de cancers colorectaux vus dans une période de 24 mois, montraient une colite ischémique proximale concomitante. La colite ischémique associée avec un cancer colorectal ischémique, peut se présenter dramatiquement avec gangrene et perforation colique si l'insuffisance vasculaire aigue est sévère. Les lésions moins sévères d'ischémie doivent être reconnues au cours de l'intervention car une anastomose colique sur un colon ischémique peut provoquer un lâchage anastomotique. Deux autres patients avec des colites ischémiques furent faussement diagnostiqués comme cancer colorectal à la coloscopie. Les aspects endoscopiques de la colite ischémique peuvent simuler le cancer colique et les biopsies endoscopiques sont essentielles si le moindre doute existe quant à la possibilité de colite ischémique afin qu'une chirurgie inutile soit évitée.
    Notes: Abstract Four cases out of 204 new cases of colorectal carcinoma seen in a 24 month period were proven to have concomitant proximal ischaemic colitis. Ischaemic colitis associated with obstructing carcinoma of the colorectum may present dramatically with gangrene or colonic perforation if the acute vascular insufficiency is severe. Less severe degrees of ischaemic insult must be recognised intra-operatively as the incorporation of ischaemic colon in a colonic anastomosis may result in an anastomotic leak. Two other patients with ischaemic colitis were wrongly diagnosed as colorectal carcinoma on colonoscopy. Endoscopic features of ischaemic colitis may mimic colonic carcinoma and endoscopic biopsy is essential where any doubt exist as to the possibility of ischaemic colitis so that unnecessary surgery may be avoided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00290308
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The parasite complex ofSaissetia nigra in Malaysia (1978)
    Springer
    BioControl 23 (1978), S. 195-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Utilisant l'Hibiscus rosa-sinensis comme plante réceptrice, nous avons procédé à l'étude sur le terrain du taux de parasitisme duSaissetia nigra (Nietner) par les parasites chalcidoides, d'une part, et de l'abondance relative des parasites pris individuellement, d'autre part. Par ordre d'importance numérique (sur la base des pourcentages enregistrés) nous trouvons parmi les parasites primaires:Anysis saissetiae Ash,Aneristus ceroplastae How., etMicroterys newcombi Gir, et parmi les hyperparasites:Marietta exitiosa Comp,Cheiloneurus saissetiae Noyes & Chua etEupelmus catoxanthae Ferr. La capacité deA. saissetiae (dont la larve se nourrit des œufs de cochenille) à limiter la population de cochenille reste hypothétique étant donné qu'il est souvent parasité lui-même par ces 3 hyper-parasites et que chaque larve, au cours de son développement, ne détruit que 58% des œufs de l'hôte, laissant subsister un grand nombre d'œufs intacts.A. ceroplastae, de ce point de vue, est un parasite beaucoup plus efficace: il attaque les cochenilles au 2e stade, cause principale des dégâts et ne subit pas les attaques des hyper-parasites.
    Notes: Abstract The percentage parasitism ofSaissetia nigra (Nietner) by chalcidoid parasites and the relative abundance of individual parasites were studied in the field usingHibiscus rosa-sinensis L. as the host plant. In order of abundance (on the basis of percentage recorded) the primary parasites wereAnysis saissetiae Ash.,Aneristus ceroplastae How., andMicroterys newcombi (Gir)., while the hyperparasites wereMarietta exitiosa Comp.,Cheiloneurus saissetiae Noyes & Chua andEupelmus catoxanthae Ferr. The efficiency ofA. saissetiae (the larvae of which feed on the scale eggs) to control the scale population is doubtful because it is often parasitised by all 3 hyperparasites mentioned and each larva during development causes only 58% egg mortality of the parasitised host, leaving many scale eggs unconsumed.A. ceroplastae appears to be more useful parasite because it attacks the 2nd instar scales which cause significant damage to the host plant and it is free from attack by hyperparasites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02371728
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen-15 balances for urea and neem coated urea applied to lowland rice following two cowpea cropping systems (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 120 (1989), S. 233-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: added nitrogen interaction ; green manure ; 15N ; N loss ; neem ; nitrate ; nitrogen ; Oryza sativa L. ; Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Little is known about whether the high N losses from inorganic N fertilizers applied to lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) are affected by the combined use of either legume green manure or residue with N fertilizers. Field experiments were conducted in 1986 and 1987 on an Andaqueptic Haplaquoll in the Philippines to determine the effect of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cropping systems before rice on the fate and use efficiency of15N-labeled, urea and neem cake (Azadirachta indica Juss.) coated urea (NCU) applied to the subsequent transplanted lowland rice crop. The pre-rice cropping systems were fallow, cowpea incorporated at the flowering stage as a green manure, and cowpea grown to maturity with subsequent incorporation of residue remaining after grain and pod removal. The incorporated green manure contained 70 and 67 kg N ha−1 in 1986 and 1987, respectively. The incorporated residue contained 54 and 49 kg N ha−1 in 1986 and 1987, respectively. The unrecovered15N in the15N balances for 58 kg N ha−1 applied as urea or NCU ranged from 23 to 34% but was not affected by pre-rice cropping system. The partial pressure of ammoniapNH3, and floodwater (nitrate + nitrite)-N following application of 29 kg N ha−1 as urea or NCU to 0.05-m-deep floodwater at 14 days after transplanting was not affected by pre-rice cropping system. In plots not fertilized with urea or NCU, green manure contributed an extra 12 and 26 kg N ha−1, to mature rice plants in 1986 and 1987, respectively. The corresponding contributions from residue were 19 and 23 kg N ha−1, respectively. Coating urea with 0.2g neem cake per g urea had no effect on loss of urea-N in either year; however, it significantly increased grain yield (0.4 Mg ha−1) and total plant N (11 kg ha−1) in 1987 but not in 1986.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02377073
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The determination of chlorofluorocarbons and extractives in the expanded and disposable polystyrene ware (1991)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 19 (1991), S. 413-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Residual chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and water-extractive residues in expanded polystyrene ware were determined because of the threat to environmental and public health arising from the ozone depleting potential of CFCs and the leaching of toxic monomers and oligomers into food and drink. Chlorofluorocarbon in expanded polystyrene ware was analysed using headspace gas chromatography in the flame ionization mode, and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The amount of extractive residue leached from this type of polymeric material was determined using an aqueous medium simulating categories of food and beverages. A wide range of concentrations of CFC-12 (dichlorodifluorocarbon) was detected in the styrofoam ware. It fluctuated between a low of 32 ppm and a high of 35471 ppm in two different samples of styrofoam plates. Similarly, the highest and lowest levels of extractive residue detected in two different styrofoam plates were 54 ppm and 0.5 ppm respectively. CFC-22 or HCFC (chlorodifluorocarbon) was absent from these expanded polystyrene ware. The continued use of chlorofluorocarbons as a blowing agent will further exert a deleterious effect on the stratospheric ozone layer. Though the level of water extractive residue from these expanded polystyrene ware was relatively safe, public health could be further safe-guarded through improvmeents in raw material selection and mode of production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401329
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