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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of liver function in healthy elderly subjects using the 13C-methacetin breath test (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : The issue of whether or not liver function is compromised in the healthy elderly population remains unsolved.Aim : To investigate the putative age-related modifications of hepatic function using the 13C-methacetin breath test. Because endogenous CO2 production changes with age, motor activity and nutrition, a different form of processing the results was investigated.Patients and methods : Twenty-nine elderly subjects (mean age, 79.8 ± 7.9 years; female/male ratio, 17/12) and 28 adult subjects (mean age, 40.6 ± 12.3 years; female/male ratio, 13/15) underwent 13 C-methacetin breath test and trans-abdominal echosonography with Doppler pulsed wave analysis of the coeliac axis and portal vein.Results : Although the 13CO2 peak occurred within 15–30 min in both elderly and adult subjects, it was significantly decreased in the former (30.66% ± 9.2% vs. 38.33% ± 6.05%; P 〈 0.001), as was the cumulative excretion (33.07% ± 7.06% vs. 39.81% ± 5.68%; P 〈 0.001). When correcting for the effects of CO2 excretion by age, the age-related modification of the cumulative dose became more evident (elderly group 30.15% ± 6.46% vs. adult group 37.97% ± 5.92%; P 〈 0.0001). The elderly group also showed an increase in the intra-hepatic resistance index using Doppler pulsed wave analysis, which inversely correlated with the results of the breath test.Conclusions : Hepatic function is not well preserved in healthy humans throughout life and may be due to an increase in vascular resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01413.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infliximab downregulates basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in Crohn's disease patients (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : The use of infliximab in the treatment of Crohn's disease patients with symptomatic stenosis is controversial.Aim : To explore the influence of this agent on intestinal fibrogenesis by measuring in infliximab-treated Crohn's disease patients the serum levels of basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, two factors known to be involved in the process of intestinal wound healing and fibrosis in this condition.Methods : Serum levels of basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 22 patients with steroid refractory or fistulizing Crohn's disease before, during (2 weeks) and after 12 weeks of treatment with infliximab, administered at week 0, 2 and 6 in a dose of 5 mg/kg.Results : A substantial improvement in 19 of the 22 Crohn's disease patients was accompanied by a rapid and durable reduction in basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor serum levels.Conclusions : The action of infliximab in reducing serum basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor would seem to suggest a role of this agent in down-regulating the process of intestinal fibrogenesis in Crohn's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01927.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral butyrate for mildly to moderately active Crohn's disease (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Butyrate exerts anti-inflammatory effects in experimental colitis and on Crohn's disease lamina propria mononuclear cells in vitro.Aim : To explore the efficacy and safety of oral butyrate in Crohn's disease.Methods : Thirteen patients with mild–moderate ileocolonic Crohn's disease received 4 g/day butyrate as enteric-coated tablets for 8 weeks. Full colonoscopy and ileoscopy were performed before and after treatment. Endoscopical and histological score, laboratory data, Crohn's disease activity index and mucosal interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12, interferon-γ, tumour necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were assessed before and after treatment.Results : One patient withdrew from the study, and three patients did not experience clinical improvement. Among the nine patients (69%) who responded to treatment, seven (53%) achieved remission and two had a partial response. Endoscopical and histological score significantly improved after treatment at ileocaecal level (P 〈 0.05). Leucocyte blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and mucosal levels of NF-κB and IL-1β significantly decreased after treatment (P 〈 0.05).Conclusions : Oral butyrate is safe and well tolerated, and may be effective in inducing clinical improvement/remission in Crohn's disease. These data indicate the need for a large investigation to extend the present findings, and suggest that butyrate may exert its action through downregulation of NF-κB and IL-1β.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02639.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of selective 5-HT"1 receptor agonists in water-deprived rats on salt intake in two-choice tests
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 45 (1993), S. 513-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-3057
    Keywords: 5-HT"1 receptor agonists ; 8-OH-DPAT ; Gepirone ; Ipsapirone ; Saline-drinking ; TFMPP ; Thirst ; mCPP
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(93)90499-J
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of isotonic sodium chloride intake in the rat by selective tachykinin agonists
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 47 (1994), S. 609-615 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-3057
    Keywords: Salt intake ; Tachykinin ; Tachykinin receptors
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(94)90166-X
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5-HT"2 receptor antagonists do not reduce ethanol preference in Sardinian alcohol-preferring (sP) rats
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 46 (1993), S. 853-856 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-3057
    Keywords: Ethanol preference ; Haloperidol ; Risperidone ; Ritanserin ; Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(93)90212-C
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nucleus accumbens is a site of action for the inhibitory effect of ritanserin on ethanol intake in rats
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 46 (1993), S. 857-862 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-3057
    Keywords: 5-HT"2 receptor antagonists ; Ethanol preference ; Medial prefrontal cortex ; Nucleus accumbens ; Ritanserin ; Ventral tegmental area
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(93)90213-D
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH 39166 on the ingestive behaviour of alcohol-preferring rats (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 120 (1995), S. 227-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: SCH 39166 ; Alcohol-preferring rats ; Alcohol intake ; Saccharin intake ; Sucrose intake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study evaluated the effect of the selective and long-acting dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH 39166 on several aspects of the ingestive behaviour of genetically selected alcohol-preferring rats, bred from Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats. The effect of subchronic (8 days) subcutaneous drug administration was evaluated on the simultaneous daily intake of 10% ethanol, food and water. SCH 39166, 0.1 mg/kg, did not significantly modify the intake of the three ingesta. The dose of 1 mg/kg differentially modified rat ingestive behaviour, inhibiting intake of 10% ethanol, without modifying total fluid and food intake. The higher dose of 5 mg/kg produced a non-selective suppression of ingestive behaviour, which was accompanied by behavioural impairment. Acute drug injection was tested on 2-h intake of 10% sucrose, 0.1% saccharin, water or food. The doses of 0.1 and 1 mg/kg markedly inhibited the 2-h intake of 10% sucrose and 0.1% saccharin, but they did not modify either the 2-h water intake in water deprived and water sated rats or the 2-h food intake in food deprived rats. These findings suggest an important role of mechanisms mediated by D1 receptors in the control of alcohol and sweet solution intake, but not in water and food intake. Moreover, they indicate that SCH 39166, in relation to its selectivity and long-lasting activity, is an interesting pharmacological tool to investigate further the role of D1 receptor mechanisms in the control of ingestive behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246198
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible mechanism of action for the attenuation of ethanol intake induced by ritanserin in rats (1996)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 128 (1996), S. 181-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Ethanol intake ; 5 ; 7-Dihydroxytrypta- mine ; Ritanserin ; MDL 72222 ; 5-HT2 receptors ; 5-HT3 receptors ; Nucleus accumbens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, ritanserin, reduces alcohol intake in rats and the nucleus accumbens (NAC) has been proposed as a site of action for the drug. Recent microdialysis studies have shown that acute subcutaneous (SC) administration of ritanserin increases extracellular 5-HT levels in the NAC. The present study evaluated, in genetically heterogeneous rats with developed preference for 3% ethanol, whether the attenuation of ethanol intake induced by ritanserin might be related to its effect on the synaptic availability of 5-HT in the NAC. Damaging 5-HTergic neurons by intracerebroventricular infusion of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) abolished the effect of ritanserin on ethanol consumption. Injections of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist MDL 72222 into the NAC significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of SC injection of ritanserin, 1 mg/kg, and completely abolished the effect of ritanserin, 0.1 mg/kg. Subcutaneous injections of MDL 72222, 0.3 mg/kg 3times/day, suppressed the effect of SC ritanserin, 0.1 mg/kg. The present findings, together with those of previous experiments showing that the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine abolishes the effect of ritanserin, support the hypothesis that its effect on ethanol intake may be due to increased synaptic availability of 5-HT into the NAC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050123
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacological characterization of the nociceptin receptor mediating hyperphagia: identification of a selective antagonist (2000)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 148 (2000), S. 430-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Nociceptin ; Orphanin FQ ; Food intake ; Food deprivation ; Neuropeptide Y
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Rationale: Central injections of nociceptin (NC) stimulate feeding in rats. Objective: The present study evaluated the effect of N-terminal partial sequences or analogues of NC on food intake in male Wistar rats, to characterize pharmacologically the NC receptor mediating the hyperphagic effect. Methods: NC and related peptides were injected into the lateral (LV) or third (3V) cerebroventricle in freely feeding rats. Results: In the LV, NC stimulated feeding. The N-terminal fragment NC(1–13)NH2 proved to be the least active sequence with hyperphagic activity; NC(1–12)NH2 and NC(1–9)NH2 were inactive. [Phe1ψ(CH2-NH)Gly2]NC(1–13)NH2 ([F/G)]NC(1–13)NH2), an analogue of NC(1–13)NH2, markedly stimulated feeding and, coadministered in the LV with NC, never reduced the hyperphagic effect of the natural sequence. These findings suggest that [F/G)]NC(1–13)NH2, which has been reported to act as a NC receptor antagonist in peripheral tissues, be- haves as a full agonist at the central NC receptors controlling feeding. The hyperphagic potencies of NC and [F/G)]NC(1–13)NH2 were much higher following injection into the 3V than in the LV. Another analogue of NC(1–13)NH2, namely [Nphe1]NC(1–13)NH2, injected into the 3V did not stimulate feeding, but reduced the effect of NC. [Nphe1]NC(1–13)NH2 at a dose of 16.8 nmol/rat significantly reduced, and at 168 nmol/rat almost completely abolished the effect of NC (1.68 nmol/rat). The latter dose of [Nphe1]NC(1–13)NH2 significantly reduced also feeding induced by food deprivation, but did not modify the hyperphagic effect of neuropeptide Y (0.3 nmol/rat). Conclusions: The present results confirm the orexigenic effect of NC in freely feeding rats and indicate that [Nphe1]NC(1–13)NH2 may represent a selective NC receptor antagonist to study the physiological and pathophysiological role of NC in feeding behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050073
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