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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetization, Young's moduli, and magnetostriction of rare-earth–iron eutectic alloys with R=Tb0.6Dy0.4 : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)−intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 7009-7011 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Rare-earth–iron alloys, R0.9Fe0.1, R0.72Fe0.28, and R0.42Fe0.58 (R=Tb0.6Dy0.4), containing the R/RFe2 eutectic composition were prepared by Bridgman and free-standing zone-melting techniques. Magnetization measurements were made in fields up to 800 kA/m between 55 and 300 K. A huge increase in magnetization below 210 K occurs as the R component becomes ordered. At low applied magnetic fields there is clear identification of both the ferromagnetic ordering temperature TC and the Néel spiral ordering temperature TN of R. (For Tb0.6Dy0.4, TC=165 K, TN=210 K.) Magnetization and magnetostriction measurements reveal very large magnetocrystalline anisotropies for both the R and the RFe2 components. Unexpectedly, at 77 K, were the rare-earth component of the eutectic system is ordered and the magnetostriction is large (λhγ(approximately-greater-than)0.6%), the magnetostriction is largest in the samples containing the largest amount of the RFe2 phase. Young's modulus measurements reveal the reduction in the stiffness with the addition of the softer rare earth to the stiff RFe2 compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358071
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomolous ΔE effects in TbDyZn alloys : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6216-6218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The temperature dependence of Young's modulus has been measured for a series of Tb1−xDyxZn pseudobinary compounds with x ranging from 0 to 1. From the sharp dips in the modulus vs temperature data, the reorientation transition temperatures have been determined, and the magnetic phase diagram deduced. Magnetization measurements taken on the same samples show less pronounced features at the corresponding temperatures. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362075
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetostriction, elastic moduli, and coupling factors of composite Terfenol-D : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 5656-5658 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recently it was discovered that composites of Terfenol-D alloys with an insulating binder produce very large magnetostrictions. Resistivities of these composites reach high values, making them attractive for high-frequency applications which require small eddy current losses. In this paper the magnetostriction, magnetization, and Young's moduli measurements made under constant magnetic field conditions and under constant flux conditions are reported. From these measurements, magnetomechanical coupling factors are calculated. The properties are compared to those of ordinary metallic Terfenol-D and nickel. Two different types of composites were investigated. In the first type the composite has an isotropic structure and in the second type, anisotropic. It is shown that the anisotropic type is more desirable since it possesses both higher magnetostriction and higher coupling factors. It is also clearly shown that the magnetization process for the anisotropic type can be explained by a 180° domain wall motion followed by a magnetization rotation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355627
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zero field damping capacity in (TbxDy1−x)Fey : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6213-6215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Materials with a large capacity to dissipate mechanical energy are of interest for passive vibration damping. We have measured the zero-field damping capacity of the giant magnetostrictive terbium–dysprosium–iron compounds by quasistatic stress–strain hysteresis loops. The magnetization and strain of the samples were measured for increasing and decreasing compressive stresses, up to 50 MPa. The zero-field, room temperature damping capacity (ΔW/W) was calculated from the stress–strain loops and is plotted against maximum stress. The damping capacity maximum for the alloy with the nominal Terfenol-D composition occurs at 4.1 MPa with the value 1.75 which corresponds to Q−1=0.28. The damping is almost independent of stress in a multi-phase sample, (Tb0.6Dy0.4)Fe1.4, which contains both Laves phase and elemental rare earth. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362074
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The stress dependence of the ΔE effect in Terfenol-D (abstract) (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 5426-5426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The stress dependence of the intrinsic change in Young's modulus with magnetic field (the ΔE effect, DE) has been measured to 120 MPa in Terfenol-D (Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe2−x, 0〈x〈0.1) with the field H as a parameter. The sample, prepared by rf rapid zoning,1 consists of slablike dendrites with the [112¯] growth direction determining the longitudinal (stress and field) axis of the sample. A [111] direction is normal to the longitudinal axis. The data (Fig. 1) show an extremely large (eightfold) depression in Young's modulus, comparable to that found in Fe-based amorphous materials. Earlier measurements on polycrystalline samples yielded DE=1.6. The value of DE observed here is attributed to the "jumping'' of the magnetization between two easy axes of magnetization. These directions are stress dependent, parallel to the magnetically easy 〈111〉 directions at low stress. One rotates to a direction 14.75° from the [111] direction at high stress. A calculation of the stiff (high-field) Young's modulus in the [112¯] direction using "infinite field'' single-crystal elastic constants yielded a value of 114 GPa. The lower value in Fig. 1 is consistent with this result since Δc44∼1/H. Calculation of the field dependence of the modulus caused by "jumping'' of the moment will be presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342360
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anisotropic magnetostriction in Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe1.95 (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 3787-3789 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetostriction of a single crystal of Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe1.95 grown by the Bridgman technique was measured over the temperature range of magnetic anisotropy compensation (300–330 K). Using a growth rate of 3 cm/h, twinned dendrites were suppressed. We looked for, but found no evidence of, modification of the cubic structure by the resulting cellular [112] growth. Magnetostriction measurements along all four 〈111〉 axis are nearly identical. However, the magnetostriction is highly anisotropic, with λ100/λ111=0.06±0.02 at 300 K. The effects of this large magnetostriction anistropy are discussed. Of particular importance is the magnetostriction along nonprincipal axes. Here we find that the magnetization direction for maximum strain is not collinear with the strain measurement direction. Measurements along the growth [112¯] direction revealed the maximum magnetostriction with the magnetization 14.75° from [112¯]. Expressions which relate the direction of magnetization for maximum strain to the measurement direction are derived for magnetization rotation in the (110) and (100) planes. The existence of noncollinear maximum magnetostriction axes leads to a region of 180° domain wall motion near H=0 in transducer rods of Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe1.95 under compressive prestress. This portion of the magnetization curve is not accompanied by magnetostriction. Magnetostriction curves in nonsaturating magnetic fields also provide a method to determine the magnetic anistropy. Anisotropy constants calculated in this way are compared to those determined earlier by torque and magnetization measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338646
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrasensitive, wide frequency range magnetoelastic strain gage (abstract) (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 3803-3803 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new technique for measuring strain with extremely high resolution was developed. This technique relies on the ultrasensitive (high coupling factor) amorphous ribbons prepared by magnetic field annealing.Here certain ribbons (e.g., Metglas 2605SC, 2605S-2) when annealed in a transverse field achieve magnetomechanical coupling factors k33≈0.95.1 In this technique the sensitive ribbon is bonded in place on an aluminum bending member with a highly viscous liquid (η≈107 cP at 298 K). This procedure allows the ribbon to remain in a stress-free environment following an initial relaxation period of approximately 10 min. In this state the ribbon is in a "blocked'' (constant strain) condition while at the same time being stress-free. Since the susceptibility of the ribbon is highly strain dependent, a measurement of the susceptibility is a direct measurement of the strain. We define a figure of merit (FM) as (∂χ/∂ε)/χ in analogy with (∂R/∂ε)/R for a conventional strain gage. Values of FM of about 2×105 were obtained. This is three orders of magnitude better than semiconductor strain gages. The main features of this technique are its large dynamic range, high sensitivity and strain resolution, very small temperature dependence, and broad frequency range. In a simple device, we measured strains as low as 3×10−10 and secured a dynamic range of 104. The potential dynamic range exceeds 105. Measurements of FM and dynamic range were made from 0.01 to 1 Hz. We expect no deterioration in operational characteristics far above 1 Hz. Calculations also indicate only a slight temperature dependence of the FM from 0 to 500 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338653
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetostriction "jumps'' in twinned Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.9 (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 3910-3912 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Large "jumps'' in the magnetostriction have been observed in twinned single crystals of Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.9 (Terfenol-D) for magnetic fields parallel to the crystalline [112¯] direction. The interpretation of these large magnetostriction discontinuities is based upon a model of twinned dendritic Terfenol-D in which the magnetization of one twin jumps between two [111] directions while the magnetization of the remaining twin undergoes a continuous rotation of the magnetization. The field dependence of the magnetization and magnetostriction of cubic single crystals with λ111(very-much-greater-than)λ100 was calculated using an expression which included the anisotropy constants K1 and K2 and compressive loads along [112¯]. With K1=−0.6 J/m3 and K2=−2.0 J/m3 (values appropriate for Terfenol-D near room temperature), magnetization "jumping'' is predicted. For the twinned crystal, the jump in the magnetostriction was calculated to be greater than 1000 ppm. Because of this large magnetostriction, it is possible to configure a device to perform a substantial amount of work by the application of only a triggering magnetic field centered about an optimum bias field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340602
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of large Barkhausen jumps in annealed amorphous wires with an imposed twist as a function of current, external axial stress, and axial field : The 5th Joint MMM−Intermag Conference (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 6519-6521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetization and small signal alternating-current permeabilities of transverse-field-annealed amorphous magnetostrictive wires (Fe77.5B15Si7.5) with a fixed twist of 400 deg/m were examined as a function of applied axial tensile stress and axial direct-current (dc) currents. We observe multiple-featured magnetization curves which we attribute to the inverse Wiedemann effect, as well as a near total suppression of the large Barkhausen jumps when a dc current is flowing through the wire. Several properties of the wire depend on stress and would be useful for sensor applications; figures of merit of 1700–2600 for torque sensors were obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349893
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amorphization of TbFe3 by nitrogen absorption : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5733-5735 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The nitrogenation process of the TbFe3 intermetallic compound was studied by heat treating the alloy between 573 and 873 K in a nitrogen atmosphere. The structural and magnetic properties of the nitrogenated samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements. The magnetic moments of the nitrogenated samples were found to be a function of the annealing temperature and showed a minimum for the sample heat treated at 673 K. The XRD pattern of this sample (673 K) showed that the Bragg peaks of the 1-3 phase had completely disappeared and were replaced by a broad maximum indicating a breakdown of the TbFe3 structure into an amorphous phase. The room-temperature Mössbauer spectrum of the same sample consisted almost entirely of a quadrupole-split doublet plus a small amount of α-Fe and TbFe3. This doublet split into a broad spectrum upon cooling which is typical of amorphous rare-earth–transition-metal compounds. For samples heat treated at higher temperatures, the amount of α-Fe and TbN phases gradually increased. This nitrogenation process is unlike that of R2Fe17. In this study, nitrogen atoms do not go into the interstitial sites. Instead, they create a ferromagnetic (TC≈215 K) amorphous phase of Tb, Fe, and N which is stable over a wide temperature range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353607
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