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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Domain observation and magnetostriction in Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2 twinned single crystals : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5768-5770 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The ternary alloy Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2 (Terfenol-D) exhibits the largest known magnetostriction to anisotropy ratio near room temperature. To better determine the interaction between the elastic and magnetic properties of this material, a stoichiometric twinned single crystal was grown by a free-standing float-zone technique. Observations using Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy confirmed that the sample was free of the normally present rare-earth (RE) eutectic phase and simultaneously free of Widmanstatten precipitate (RE Fe3). A bar with (111) and (11¯0) faces perpendicular to the [112¯] growth direction was examined. Also, a [111¯] slab was cut from the boule. This slab was studied along the [111¯] and [11¯0] directions with prestress applied along the [111¯]. This is the first report of the effects of applying prestress and magnetic fields in a direction not collinear with the [112¯] growth direction. From magnetization (M) and magnetostriction (λ) measurements as a function of field, prestress, and temperature, we determined the hysteresis and saturation parameters. These measurements do not indicate the [11¯0] λ and M behaviors found previously for RE-rich Terfenol-D. Domain observations with differential phase contrast and x-ray topography have shown different orientations in the twin and parent sections of the [111¯] specimen. The observed structures can be interpreted as arising from domains with magnetization components normal to the surface. The domain observations on the (111) and (11¯0) bar faces and on the [111¯] slab correlate with each other with respect to orientations and domain interpretations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348938
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of composition and magnetic heat treatment on the magnetostriction of TbxDy1−xFey twinned single crystals (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 772-779 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Twinned single crystals of the giant magnetostrictive intermetallic compound TbxDy1−xFey with a 〈112〉 axial alignment have been prepared by float-zone solidification with Y varying from 1.90 to 1.98 and X being 0.32 or 0.28. The chemical compositions of the crystals were carefully analyzed. A very sharp jump in the magnetostrictive strain λ sometimes occurs in these alloys as the applied field H is increased to values of around 280 Oe under a compressive stress of 6.9 MPa. This large jump in λ is shown to depend strongly on the values of X and Y, and possible reasons for this result are discussed. A magnetic heat treatment has been developed which involves cooling the samples through the Curie temperature under a field applied transverse to the crystal axis. It is shown that this treatment is very effective at increasing the magnetostrictive properties at low applied compressive stresses for certain values of X and Y.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.343496
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strength of Terfenol-D (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 3712-3713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The strength of the magnetostrictive material, Terfenol-D, Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe2.0, has been evaluated by measuring the modulus of rupture as a function of the Fe stoichiometry of the compound. It is shown that the strength improves markedly as the Fe concentration decreases from the stoichiometric value of 2.0 in the compound. The increased strength results from the increasing volume fraction of the rare-earth metal phase produced in the Terfenol-D matrix by the solidification process at lower Fe concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342599
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetostriction "jumps'' in twinned Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.9 (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 3910-3912 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Large "jumps'' in the magnetostriction have been observed in twinned single crystals of Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.9 (Terfenol-D) for magnetic fields parallel to the crystalline [112¯] direction. The interpretation of these large magnetostriction discontinuities is based upon a model of twinned dendritic Terfenol-D in which the magnetization of one twin jumps between two [111] directions while the magnetization of the remaining twin undergoes a continuous rotation of the magnetization. The field dependence of the magnetization and magnetostriction of cubic single crystals with λ111(very-much-greater-than)λ100 was calculated using an expression which included the anisotropy constants K1 and K2 and compressive loads along [112¯]. With K1=−0.6 J/m3 and K2=−2.0 J/m3 (values appropriate for Terfenol-D near room temperature), magnetization "jumping'' is predicted. For the twinned crystal, the jump in the magnetostriction was calculated to be greater than 1000 ppm. Because of this large magnetostriction, it is possible to configure a device to perform a substantial amount of work by the application of only a triggering magnetic field centered about an optimum bias field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340602
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anisotropic magnetostriction in Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe1.95 (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 3787-3789 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetostriction of a single crystal of Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe1.95 grown by the Bridgman technique was measured over the temperature range of magnetic anisotropy compensation (300–330 K). Using a growth rate of 3 cm/h, twinned dendrites were suppressed. We looked for, but found no evidence of, modification of the cubic structure by the resulting cellular [112] growth. Magnetostriction measurements along all four 〈111〉 axis are nearly identical. However, the magnetostriction is highly anisotropic, with λ100/λ111=0.06±0.02 at 300 K. The effects of this large magnetostriction anistropy are discussed. Of particular importance is the magnetostriction along nonprincipal axes. Here we find that the magnetization direction for maximum strain is not collinear with the strain measurement direction. Measurements along the growth [112¯] direction revealed the maximum magnetostriction with the magnetization 14.75° from [112¯]. Expressions which relate the direction of magnetization for maximum strain to the measurement direction are derived for magnetization rotation in the (110) and (100) planes. The existence of noncollinear maximum magnetostriction axes leads to a region of 180° domain wall motion near H=0 in transducer rods of Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe1.95 under compressive prestress. This portion of the magnetization curve is not accompanied by magnetostriction. Magnetostriction curves in nonsaturating magnetic fields also provide a method to determine the magnetic anistropy. Anisotropy constants calculated in this way are compared to those determined earlier by torque and magnetization measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338646
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topography, domain structure, and magnetostriction measurements on Tb0.5Dy0.5Fe2 under stress (abstract) (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 57 (1985), S. 3747-3747 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have characterized a textured cylindrical sample of Tb0.5Dy0.5Fe2 (54 mm×6 mm diam) by topography and metallography. The topography shows long ( 20 mm) slender grains with a [110] axis along the sample axis. The grain boundaries are less than 1°. Domain walls can be seen by both Berg–Barrett technique and optical observations. This composition has a large anisotropy, Ki=5×106 erg/cm3. We find that under stress the magnetization occurs by "jumping'' of the moment from a [111] axis perpendicular to the axis to the [111] direction closest to the axis of the sample. A large hysteresis accompanies this effect. In comparison with samples of other RFe2 (R=rare earth) compositions, the results of the high stress magnetization and magnetostriction experiments show two features: (1) the sample saturates with a much sharper "knee,'' and (2) a much higher energy conversion is obtained. We conjecture the difference between this sample and the other RFe2 compounds is its lack of Widmanstatten precipitate, i.e., a much higher sample perfection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.334958
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A technique for the preparation of metal samples for Debye–Scherrer cameras (1972)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 5 (1972), S. 243-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An electropolishing procedure applied to the preparation of samples for Debye–Scherrer cameras is presented. The passivating effect of the electropolishing method and other advantages over heat-treated filings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889872009318
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallography of the silver-rich rare-earth–silver intermetallic compounds (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 26 (1970), S. 1224-1229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567740870003928
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systematik der Seltenerdmetall-Blei-Legierungen (1971)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 102 (1971), S. 1499-1515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das systematische Verhalten (sowie dessen Fehlen) der Seltenerdmetall-Blei-Legierungen wird untersucht. Es wurden 12 verschiedene Verbindungsstöchiometrien beobachtet. Fast alle dreiwertigen Lanthanidenelemente bilden die PhasenR 5Pb3,R 5Pb4 undRPb3. Von den anderen möglichen Stöchiometrien kommen, mit Ausnahme vonRPb2, nur von einigen Lanthaniden Verbindungen vor. Die bekannten kristallographischen Daten werden durchbesprochen und die Existenz und Nichtexistenz einiger Phasen auf Grund kristallchemischer Theorien diskutiert. Das Schmelzverhalten derR-reichen Eutektika und der PhasenR 5Pb3,RPb2 undRPb3 wird dargestellt. Die bekannten Informationen über diese Legierungen werden auf der Basis der relativen Volumskontraktionen und des 4f-Beitrags zur Bindung überprüft und die Ergebnisse zu Voraussagen über die relativen Stabilitäten der VerbindungenR 5Pb3,RPb2 undRPb3 verwertet.
    Notes: Abstract The systematic behavior (and also the lack of it) in the rare earth-lead alloys is examined. Twelve different compound stoichiometries have been observed. Nearly all of the trivalent lanthanide elements form theR 5Pb3,R 5Pb4, andRPb3 phases. For the other stoichiometries, except for possiblyRPb2, compounds exist for only a limited number of the lanthanide elements. The known crystallographic data are reviewed, and the existence and nonexistence of some of the phases are discussed on the basis of crystal chemistry theories. The melting behaviors of theR-rich eutectic and theR 5Pb3,RPb2 andRPb3 phases are presented. The known information on these alloys is examined on the basis of the relative volume contractions and the 4f contribution to the bonding, and the results are used to predict the relative stabilities of theR 5Pb3,RPb2, andRPb3 compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00917206
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