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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors associated with breast and cervical cancer screening behaviours (2001)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Health education 101 (2001), S. 176-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0965-4283
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To investigate the factors associated with the use of screening mammography for breast cancer and cervical smear tests for cervical cancer, a theoretical framework was used comprising elements from the Health Belief Model, the Theory of Reasoned Action, and illness representations from the self-regulatory model. Items reflecting older women's illness representations about cancer and cancer screening were derived from an earlier qualitative study. Using a highly structured interview schedule, telephone interviews were conducted with 1,200 women aged 50-70 years. There were considerable similarities between the factors associated with both mammography and cervical smear test behaviours. The factors associated with screening mammography behaviour were: perceived barriers, perceived benefits, social influence, the illness representations, and marital status. The factors associated with cervical smear test behaviour were: perceived barriers, perceived benefits, emotions as a cause of cancer, feeling frightened of cancer, the illness representations, having a usual general practitioner, and being younger.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09654280110398761
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ratings of Orally Presented Verbal Expressions of Probability by a Heterogeneous Sample (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied social psychology 22 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1559-1816
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Verbal expressions of probability are used in daily conversations, physician-physician and physician-patient communications, and questionnaire and interview responses. To assess the degree of agreement among English-speaking Australian adults in allocating numerical probabilities to these verbal expressions of probability, 966 interviewees provided estimates for 60 isolated expressions of probability and a sequence of seven items placed in a sequence. Means and median scores appeared to be consistent with common sense and with findings from other countries. Mirror-imaged terms were neither symmetrical nor equidistant, with the means and medians for the positive terms being closer to the mid-points of the scale than the means and medians of the negative terms. Items in a sequence of probability terms showed greater symmetry and less variability than isolated expressions. For most items, there was an unacceptably high level of within-subject and between-subject variability. Although subjects with higher levels of education and/ or mathematics education showed less variability, these factors accounted for very little of the variance. The greater variability in Australian results relative to those reported elsewhere was partly attributed to the use of interviews rather than questionnaires. There were no particular stems that yielded greater consistency. It was concluded that the use of these expressions leads to very imprecise communication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00995.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Women's perceptions of familial aspects of breast cancer (2002)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Health education 102 (2002), S. 50-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0965-4283
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Women's understanding of familial aspects of breast cancer was examined using both focus groups and interviews. The studies covered issues related to perceptions of breast cancer risk factors, perceived breast cancer risk, understanding of risk information, and family history of breast cancer as a risk factor. Study 1 consisted of four focus group discussions with women from the general community. Study 2 comprised ten face-to-face interviews with women who had a family history of breast cancer. The results in combination indicate a fairly high level of awareness of family history as a risk factor for breast cancer. However, the definition of a familial history of breast cancer differed between the groups, with those without a family history being more inclusive than those with such a history. The paper concludes with suggestions for use by those developing resources materials for those with a familial history of breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09654280210418983
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skin Type and Optimistic Bias in Relation to the Sun Protection and Suntanning Behaviors of Young Adults (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of behavioral medicine 20 (1997), S. 207-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3521
    Keywords: suntanning ; sun protection ; skin cancer ; perceived risk ; optimistic bias
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The study examined the roles of general and personal beliefs and skin type in relation to suntanning and sun protection, by assessing various perceptions of risk of skin cancer both for the self and for the average person. A sample of 355 people aged 16 to 25 years was selected randomly from the telephone directory of a coastal provincial city. Highly structured interviews were conducted over the telephone. The findings were presented in relation to three research questions. First, skin type, classified as burn only, burn then tan, or tan without burning, influenced both general and personal beliefs. Compared to the tan-only group, the burn-only group perceived earlier age at onset, greater number of years of life lost, and greater severity of skin cancer, for both the average person and the self, and greater susceptibility to skin cancer for the average person. Second, differences were found between personally relevant and population-relevant beliefs on susceptibility to skin cancer, time of onset, and years of life lost due to skin cancer but not for perceptions of severity and curability. Finally, skin cancer beliefs were poor correlates of tanning and protecting behaviors. The factor explaining the greatest proportion of variance in both behaviors was skin type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025586829179
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unrealistic Optimism and the Health Belief Model (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of behavioral medicine 23 (2000), S. 367-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3521
    Keywords: optimistic bias ; Health Belief Model ; breast cancer ; prostate cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Why do people fail to engage in positive behaviors which will promote their health and well-being? Researchers addressing this question adopt primarily one of two perspectives, drawing either on theories of health behavior, such as the Health Belief Model (HBM), or on theories of risk perception, such as unrealistic optimism. To overcome this compartmentalization, two studies of cancer screening behavior assessed the extent to which unrealistic optimism occurred in relation to each of the elements of the HBM: severity and curability of cancer and the benefits of, and barriers to, having a screening test. Data were collected using telephone interviews, dialing numbers randomly selected from the telephone directory. In the first study 164 women aged 50 to 70 years responded to questions about breast cancer and screening mammography, while in the second study 200 men aged 45 to 60 years responded to questions about prostate cancer and screening using the prostate specific antigen test. Women had an optimistic bias in relation to breast cancer risk and severity and barriers to having a screening mammogram but not in relation to the benefits of screening. For prostate cancer, there was an optimistic bias for all HBM variables: risk and severity of prostate cancer and barriers to and benefits of screening. It was concluded that unrealistic optimism is broader than perceived risk, being evident for all elements of the HBM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005500917875
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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