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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-resolution observations of ionized gas in central 3 parsecs of the Galaxy: possible evidence for infall (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 647-651 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A 1 arc s resolution radio map shows a wealth of detail in the ‘spiral’ distribution of ionized gas within 1.5 pc of the galactic centre. Three streams of ionized gas passing near the centre can be identified. These streams could be due to molecular gas falling in towards the centre, in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306647a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    McKitterick, Rosamond: History and Memory in the Carolingian World : Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2004 (2005)
    New York : Cambridge University Press
    Church history 74 (2005), S. 840-842 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-6407
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History , Theology and Religious Studies
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0009640700100976
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  • 3
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    Fathers of Power and Mothers of Authority: Dhuoda and the "Liber manualis" (1996)
    Baton Rouge, La., etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    French Historical Studies. 19:3 (1996:Spring) 785 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-1071
    Topics: History
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:5125-1996-019-03-000010
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-vapour maser emission from galactic nuclei (1984)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 310 (1984), S. 298-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The beam size of the telescope at OVRO at 22 GHz is about 100 arc s, which covers a few kiloparsecs at the distances of the galaxies observed. The typical zenith system temperature was 50 K at 22.2 GHz. The spectrometer used was an acousto-optical spectrometer2 with a total bandwidth of 100 MHz and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/310298a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling bio-geophysical feedback in the African and Indian monsoon region (1997)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 13 (1997), S. 247-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  An asynchronously coupled global atmosphere-biome model is used to assess the dynamics of deserts and drought in the Sahel, Saudi-Arabia and the Indian subcontinent. Under present-day conditions of solar irradiation and sea-surface temperatures, the model finds two solutions: the first solution yields the present-day distribution of vegetation and deserts and the second shows a northward spread of savanna and xerophytic shrub of some 600 km, particularly in the southwest Sahara. Comparison of atmospheric states associated with these solutions corroborates Charney’s theory of a self-induction of deserts through albedo enhancement in the Sahel. Over the Indian subcontinent, changes in vegetation are mainly caused by a positive feedback between increased soil moisture and stronger summer monsoon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050164
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of the global bio-geophysical interactions during the Last Glacial Maximum (1998)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 14 (1998), S. 461-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  The bio-geophysical feedbacks during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21 000 y BP) are investigated by use of an asynchronously coupled global atmosphere-biome model. It is found that the coupled model improves on the results of an atmosphere-only model especially for the Siberian region, where the inclusion of vegetation-snow-albedo interaction leads to a better agreement with geological reconstructions. Furthermore, it is shown that two stable solutions of the coupled model are possible under LGM boundary conditions. The presence of bright sand desert at the beginning of a simulation leads to more extensive subtropical deserts, whereas an initial global vegetation cover with forest, steppe, or dark desert results in a northward spread of vegetation of up to some 1000 km, mainly in the western Sahara. These differences can be explained in the framework of Charney’s theory of a “self-induction” of deserts through albedo enhancement. Moreover, it is found that the tropical easterly jet is strengthened in the case of the “green” Sahara, which in turn leads to a modification of the Indian summer monsoon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050234
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the last interglacial climate simulated by a coupled global model of intermediate complexity and an AOGCM (2000)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 16 (2000), S. 799-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  The climate at the Last Interglacial Maximum (125 000 years before present) is investigated with the atmosphere-ocean general circulation model ECHAM-1/LSG and with the climate system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-2. Comparison of the results of the two models reveals broad agreement in most large-scale features, but also some discrepancies. The fast turnaround time of CLIMBER-2 permits one to perform a number of sensitivity experiments to (1) investigate the possible reasons for these differences, in particular the impact of different freshwater fluxes to the ocean, (2) analyze the sensitivity of the results to changes in the definition of the modern reference run concerning CO2 levels (preindustrial versus “present”), and (3) estimate the role of vegetation in the changed climate. Interactive vegetation turns out to be capable of modifying the initial climate signals significantly, leading especially to warmer winters in large parts of the Northern Hemisphere, as indicated by various paleodata. Differences due to changes in the atmospheric CO2 content and due to interactive vegetation are shown to be at least of the same order of magnitude as differences between the two completely different models, demonstrating the importance of careful experimental design.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820000078
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mid-Holocene greening of the Sahara: first results of the GAIM 6000 year BP Experiment with two asynchronously coupled atmosphere/biome models (2000)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 16 (2000), S. 643-659 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  The mid-Holocene `green' Sahara represents the largest anomaly of the atmosphere-biosphere system during the last 12 000 years. Although this anomaly is attributed to precessional forcing leading to a strong enhancement of the African monsoon, no climate model so far has been able to simulate the full extent of vegetation in the Sahara region 6000 years ago. Here two atmospheric general circulation models (LMD 5.3 and ECHAM 3) are asynchronously coupled to an equilibrium biogeography model to give steady-state simulations of climate and vegetation 6000 years ago, including biogeophysical feedback. The two model results are surprisingly different, and neither is fully realistic. ECHAM shows a large northward extension of vegetation in the western part of the Sahara only. LMD shows a much smaller and more zonal vegetation shift. These results are unaffected by the choice of `green' or modern initial conditions. The inability of LMD to sustain a `green' Sahara 6000 years ago is linked to the simulated strength of the tropical summer circulation. During the northern summer monsoon season, the meridional gradient of sea-level pressure and subsidence over the western part of northern Africa are both much weaker in ECHAM than in LMD in the present as well as the mid-Holocene. These features allow the surface moist air flux to penetrate further into northern Africa in ECHAM than in LMD. This comparison illustrates the importance of correct simulation of atmospheric circulation features for the sensitivity of climate models to changes in radiative forcing, particularly for regional climates where atmospheric changes are amplified by biosphere-atmosphere feedbacks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820000074
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of very low birth weight infants: A regional study of 371 survivors (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 150 (1991), S. 815-820 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Preterm infant ; Cerebral palsy ; Follow up ; Child development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We re-examined 371 infants with birth weights less than 1501 g at a corrected age of 18–20 months. This sample amounted to 91% of such infants admitted to one of the six neonatal intensive care units in Hamburg between July 1983 and 1986. The neurological examination and a developmental evaluation using the Griffith Developmental Scale revealed higher rates of abnormalities than in most other studies. Fifty-five children (14.8%) suffered from cerebral palsy, classified in 45 as spastic diplegia, in 5 as spastic tetraplegia, in 1 as spastic hemiplegia and in 4 as dystonia. Of the children, 41 (11%) showed minor neurological deviations (hyperactivity, clumsiness, intention tremor). The development of 30 children (8%) without neurological abnormalities was moderately retarded (DQ 80-89, corrected for gestational age [GA]). Nineteen children (5%) were severely retarded (DQ〈80, corrected for GA) and four children (1.5%) were blind due to retrolental fibroplasia. An isolated delay of speech development was found in 5 children. Seventy children (18.9%) had a major and 87 children (23.5%) a minor handicap.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02026720
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CLIMBER-2: a climate system model of intermediate complexity. Part I: model description and performance for present climate (2000)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 16 (2000), S. 1-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A 2.5-dimensional climate system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-2 and its performance for present climate conditions are presented. The model consists of modules describing atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, land surface processes, terrestrial vegetation cover, and global carbon cycle. The modules interact through the fluxes of momentum, energy, water and carbon. The model has a coarse spatial resolution, nevertheless capturing the major features of the Earth's geography. The model describes temporal variability of the system on seasonal and longer time scales. Due to the fact that the model does not employ flux adjustments and has a fast turnaround time, it can be used to study climates significantly different from the present one and to perform long-term (multimillennia) simulations. The comparison of the model results with present climate data show that the model successfully describes the seasonal variability of a large set of characteristics of the climate system, including radiative balance, temperature, precipitation, ocean circulation and cryosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007919
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