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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of the global bio-geophysical interactions during the Last Glacial Maximum (1998)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 14 (1998), S. 461-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  The bio-geophysical feedbacks during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21 000 y BP) are investigated by use of an asynchronously coupled global atmosphere-biome model. It is found that the coupled model improves on the results of an atmosphere-only model especially for the Siberian region, where the inclusion of vegetation-snow-albedo interaction leads to a better agreement with geological reconstructions. Furthermore, it is shown that two stable solutions of the coupled model are possible under LGM boundary conditions. The presence of bright sand desert at the beginning of a simulation leads to more extensive subtropical deserts, whereas an initial global vegetation cover with forest, steppe, or dark desert results in a northward spread of vegetation of up to some 1000 km, mainly in the western Sahara. These differences can be explained in the framework of Charney’s theory of a “self-induction” of deserts through albedo enhancement. Moreover, it is found that the tropical easterly jet is strengthened in the case of the “green” Sahara, which in turn leads to a modification of the Indian summer monsoon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050234
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CLIMBER-2: a climate system model of intermediate complexity. Part I: model description and performance for present climate (2000)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 16 (2000), S. 1-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A 2.5-dimensional climate system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-2 and its performance for present climate conditions are presented. The model consists of modules describing atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, land surface processes, terrestrial vegetation cover, and global carbon cycle. The modules interact through the fluxes of momentum, energy, water and carbon. The model has a coarse spatial resolution, nevertheless capturing the major features of the Earth's geography. The model describes temporal variability of the system on seasonal and longer time scales. Due to the fact that the model does not employ flux adjustments and has a fast turnaround time, it can be used to study climates significantly different from the present one and to perform long-term (multimillennia) simulations. The comparison of the model results with present climate data show that the model successfully describes the seasonal variability of a large set of characteristics of the climate system, including radiative balance, temperature, precipitation, ocean circulation and cryosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007919
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the last interglacial climate simulated by a coupled global model of intermediate complexity and an AOGCM (2000)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 16 (2000), S. 799-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  The climate at the Last Interglacial Maximum (125 000 years before present) is investigated with the atmosphere-ocean general circulation model ECHAM-1/LSG and with the climate system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-2. Comparison of the results of the two models reveals broad agreement in most large-scale features, but also some discrepancies. The fast turnaround time of CLIMBER-2 permits one to perform a number of sensitivity experiments to (1) investigate the possible reasons for these differences, in particular the impact of different freshwater fluxes to the ocean, (2) analyze the sensitivity of the results to changes in the definition of the modern reference run concerning CO2 levels (preindustrial versus “present”), and (3) estimate the role of vegetation in the changed climate. Interactive vegetation turns out to be capable of modifying the initial climate signals significantly, leading especially to warmer winters in large parts of the Northern Hemisphere, as indicated by various paleodata. Differences due to changes in the atmospheric CO2 content and due to interactive vegetation are shown to be at least of the same order of magnitude as differences between the two completely different models, demonstrating the importance of careful experimental design.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820000078
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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