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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of Soluble Immunoglobulin Aggregates in Vitro by Monocytes from Normal Subjects and from Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 16 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The capacity of human peripheral monocytes to degrade soluble immunoglobulin (IgG) aggregates (AIgG) was studied in vitro. Under serum-free conditions peripheral monocytes from normal donors were able to degrade soluble AIgG in a linear and time-dependent fashion. Addition of fresh human or fresh guinea-pig serum to the incubation mixtures caused a marked increase in degradation of the amount of soluble AIgG available. The stimulatory effect of fresh serum was complement-mediated, because it was abolished by heat treatment of the serum and was not seen when C4- or C3-deficient sera were tested. Functional inactivation of C3 receptors on the phagocytes by trypsin also abolished the complement-mediated stimulation, suggesting cooperation between Fc and C3 receptor in degradation of soluble AIgG. No significant differences were found between monocytes from normal donors and those from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, as far as degradation is concerned in the presence of complement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1982.tb00705.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistent CD3-Crosslinking Down-Regulates Interleukin-2 Responsiveness in Interleukin-2-Competent Cloned T Cells: the Possible Involvement of Protein Kinase C (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 44 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To investigate the regulation of interleukin-2 (IL-2) responsiveness of T cells, a human CD4+ T-cell clone with constitutive expression of IL-2 receptors was stimulated with recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) in the presence or absence of immobilized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (αCD3imm MoAb). Incubation of T cells with αCD3imm MoAb decreased IL-2-induced proliferation which could not be ascribed to the modulation of IL-2 receptor expression nor to cell death. Phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA), an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), also induced down-regulation of IL-2 responsiveness. The αCD3sol MoAb, inducing Ca2+-mobilization without activating PKC, did not inhibit IL-2 responsiveness whereas cyclosporine A (CsA), a drug that inhibits the Ca2+-dependent activation pathway, did not prevent the induction of IL-2 hyporesponsiveness induced by αCD3imm MoAb. It is concluded that modulation of IL-2 responsiveness of T cells via the T-cell receptor/CD3 complex (TCR/CD3) may be mediated by a PKC-activating signal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-280.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular Interactions between Synovial T-Cell Clones from a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 37 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to investigate T-T cell interactions that may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic synovitis. Two CD4+ T-cell clones, termed N16 and N18, sharing similar cytokine profiles were isolated from the synovial tissue of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Activated N16 cells induced proliferation of N18 cells in the absence of accessory cells, while the proliferative response of N18 cells to activated N18 cells depended on the presence of accessory cells. Whereas the response of N18 to activated N18 cells could be blocked by MoAbs against HLA class I and LFA-1 molecules, the response of N18 to activated N16 cells was only weakly affected, suggesting that the surface molecules involved in this interaction differed. Indeed, using MoAbs against CD3, CD4 and to a lesser extent CD2, proliferation of N18 to activated N16 cells was abrogated. These data provide a model for T-T cell interactions involved in the development of chronic synovitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1993.tb01678.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Involvement of Kupffer Cells in the Clearance of High Molecular Weight Rat IgA Aggregates in Rats (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 31 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the present study the clearance kinetics and tissue distribution of aggregated 125I-labclled monoclonal rat IgA ([125I] AIgA) of different sizes were studied in rats. Soluble [125I]AIgA disappeared from the circulation in a biphasic manner with an initial rapid distribution half-life (TI) and a second slower half-life (T2). T2 was directly related to the size of the aggregates. High molecular weight [125I]AIgA, containing 10–12 IgA molecules per aggregate ([lgA]10–12). was cleared much faster than low molecular weight aggregates. The main site of clearance was the liver. The larger the size of the AIgA, the more degradation products were found in the circulation. After injection of [[lgA]10–12, non-parenchymal cells (NPC) contained three times more radioactivity than parenchymal cells(PC)(NPC:P ratio 3.06 ± 0.96). Ratios of 0.82 ± 0.0.3 and 0.62 ± 0.12 were observed when [IgA]5–6 and [IgA]2 were injected respectively, suggesting a greater role for Kupffer cells in the clearance of large-sized IgA aggregates. Kupffer cells were shown to be the main cells for localization of large-sized AIgA established by immunohistochemical staining on liver cryostat sections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1990.tb02819.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of T Cell Cytolytic Potential by Concanavalin A: A Result of Activation? (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 26 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We investigated the effects of concanavalin A (Con A) on T cell-mediated lympholysis. Human cytotoxic T cell lines were generated from peripheral blood and these lines were shown to lyse Leetin-coated K562 target cells. Addition of soluble Con A to the assay resulted in a dosedependent inhibition of the cytolysis. Preincubation experiments demonstrated that this inhibitory effect was exerted at the effector cell level. F(ab')2 fragments of WT32, a monoclonal extent. We furter showed that Con A strongly inhibited the cytolysis exerted by alloantigen-specific, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytotoxic T cell lines against their specific targets. On the other hand, con A had no clear inhibitory effect on the cytotoxicity of freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells against K562 target cells. We hypothesize that Con A-induced inhibition blood of cytotoxicity may be explained by a direct triggering of the lytic potential of activated T cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02289.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clearance and Glomerular Localization of Preformed DNP Anti-DNP Immune Complexes (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 10 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The in vivo behaviour of well-defined immune complexes in rats was studied using complexes derived from DNP-conjugated bovine thyroglobulin (DNP-BTC) and purified specific goat anti-DNP IgG. Both clearance and glomerular localization were mainly dependent on the nature of the antigen. Soluble immune complexes formed with DNP17-BTG were cleared faster and showed a more marked localization in the glomerular mesangium than complexes formed with DNP3,4-BTG. A slight increase in the antibody to antigen ratio seemed to facilitate mesangial localization of soluble immune complexes. Insoluble immune complexes showed temporary localization as microemboli in the lumina of glomerular and peritubular capillaries. This study thus shows that not only the size and composition of the complexes but also the nature of the antigen within the complex can influence the clearance and organ localization of circulating immune complexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1979.tb01371.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complement C6 and C2 Biosynthesis in Syngeneic PVG/c− and PVG/c+ Rat Strains (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 46 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A PVG rat strain with total deficiency of C6 and partial deficiency of C2 (PVG/c−), and a syngeneic control strain (PVG/c+), were used to study the production of extrahepatically synthesized complement. Livers of complement deficient rats were transplanted in sufficient rats (Tx−L). The C6 and C2 levels in Tx−L rats declined within 2 days to 25% and 30%, respectively, and remained stable for more than 6 weeks. To investigate the contribution of C6 synthesis by the liver, C6 sufficient livers were grafted in deficient rats (Tx+l). After an initial increase, with maximum C6 levels of 119% at 10 days following transplantation, the C6 levels decreased gradually and C6 was no longer detectable 28 days after transplantation. This decline in C6 levels was dependent on antibody production against C6. No significant change in the C3, C4, factor H and factor B levels was observed. Expression of C6 mRNA in the grafted PVG/c+ sufficient liver was comparable to the expression of C6 mRNA in control PVG/c+ livers while C6 mRNA expression in the transplanted PVG/c− liver and the control PVG/c− liver was lower. In conclusion, it was demonstrated in vivo that not only C6 but also C2 is synthesized extrahepatically in PVG/c rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-143.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subclass Distribution of IgA and IgG Antibodies Against Clq in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 41 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To obtain insight into the immunoregulatory mechanisms in patients with different rheumatic diseases, the occurrence and the subclass distribution of IgA and IgG antibodies against Clq (anti-ClqAb) was determined. In patients with systemic lupus erythaematosus (SLE) the highest frequency of increased serum levels of IgG anti-ClqAb were found, whereas IgA anti-ClqAb were predominantly present in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and patients with rheumatoid arthritis complicated by vasculitis (RV). In all the IgA anti-ClqAb positive AS and RV patients the antibody reactivity involved the IgAl subclass while the IgA2 subclass was found in 47% of the patients. Further characterization of the IgA anti-Clq binding activity in sera of AS patients revealed that both subclasses of IgA anti-ClqAb were predominantly polymeric; the binding of both IgA subclasses with solid phase CI q was inhibitable by aggregated fluid phase Clq; we found no delectable interference of rheumatoid factor in the test system for the measurement of IgA anti-ClqAb. In patients with SLE the IgG anti-ClqAb reactivity was mainly of the IgG2 and IgG3 subclass, whereas in the same patients the IgG anti-tetanus toxoid response was not restricted to these subclasses.The predominance of IgG2 and IgG3 subclass of anti-ClqAb in sera of SLE patients, suggests a skewing of the anti-ClqAb response. The observation that the IgA anti-ClqAb of both subclasses is predominantly polymeric in nature and the notion that polymeric IgA is associated with activation of inflammation cascades, suggests that IgA anti-ClqAb may contribute to tissue damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1995.tb03583.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytokines Affect Resistance of Human Renal Tumour Cells to Complement-Mediated Injury (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 57 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Overexpression of membrane-bound complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs) on tumour cells may hamper the effect of immunotherapy with complement-activating monoclonal antibody (MoAb). Therefore, it is important to investigate whether cytokines can downregulate the expression of mCRP on tumour cells. In this study, the effect of 10 cytokines on the expression of the mCRP CD46, CD55 and CD59 and the renal tumour-associated antigen G250/MN/CAIX on four human renal tumour cell lines and proximal tubular epithelial cells was determined by flow cytometry. In addition, it was measured whether changes in the expression of the classical pathway regulatory proteins CD55 and CD59 had an effect on C3 deposition and lysis. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) consistently downregulated the expression of CD46 and CD59; IL-4 consistently downregulated the expression of CD46 and transforming growth factor-β1, consistently downregulated the expression of both CD46 and CD55. However, treatment with IL-1β and IL-4 also decreased the expression of G250/MN/CAIX. Changes in the expression of CD55 and CD59 were associated with changes in the amount of C3 deposited and the extent of complement-mediated lysis, respectively. This suggests that clinical immunotherapy, consisting of treatment with cytokines and MoAb, may induce either up- or downregulation of CD55 or CD59 and thus affect the effectiveness of immunotherapy with MoAb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2003.01265.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Complement Components on the Size and the Opsonization of DNA-Anti-DNA Complexes (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 16 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We studied the influence of complement components on the size and the phagocytosis of DNA-anti-DNA complexes. Large precipitating complexes, prepared with either IgG or IgM anti-DNA, were readily solubilized by fresh normal serum. This process can proceed via the alternative pathway of complement activation and is probably C3-dependent. When IgG anti-DNA-DNA complexes were prepared in the presence of fresh normal serum, two phenomena were observed. Low concentrations of fresh serum (up to 2.5 % v/v) led to an increase in the size of small IgG anti-DNA-DNA complexes. This increase in size was due to the interaction of Clq with the complexes. Higher concentrations of fresh serum prevented the formation of large complexes; this process consumes components of the classical pathway of complement activation and is most likely C3-dependent. The interaction both with Clq and with C3 needs the Fc parts of the IgG molecules. Phagocytosis of IgG anti-DNA-DNA complexes by monocytes and neutrophils from peripheral human blood was dependent on the size of the complexes rather than on fixation of C3. Fresh serum enhanced the phagocytosis of large complexes that were suboptimally opson-ized with IgG anti-DNA. In contrast with the findings with IgG anti-DNA-DNA complexes, fresh normal serum did not detectably increase the size of IgM anti-DNA-DNA complexes; only prevention of the formation of large complexes was observed. Phagocytosis of IgM anti-DNA-DNA complexes was negligible in the absence of fresh serum. However, in the presence of fresh serum, phagocytosis by monocytes but not by neutrophils was observed. This process utilized the C3b receptor on the monocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1982.tb00739.x
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