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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photocontrol of Development in Algae (1988)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 39 (1988), S. 157-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-2519
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.39.060188.001105
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of the UV component of natural sunlight to photoinhibition of photosynthesis in six species of subtidal brown and red seaweeds (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Field-collected specimens of three species of Laminaria and three species of subtidal red algae (Delesseria sanguinea, Plocamium cartilagineum and Phyllophora pseudoceranoides) were exposed to natural summer sunlight on Helgoland (southern North Sea) for up to 4 h at 15 °C. Dark-adapted variable fluorescence (Fv : Fm) was measured immediately after these treatments, and following 6, 24 and 48 h of recovery in moderate irradiances of white light. The response of plants to the full spectrum of natural sunlight was compared with that to PAR alone, UV-A + visible, UV-A + UV-B, or UV-A alone. The Fv : Fm values of all species were reduced to minimal values after 4 h in all of these treatments, but those of the more resistant species (Laminaria spp. and P. pseudoceranoides) were higher after shorter exposures to UV radiation alone than to PAR with or without UV. The recovery of Fv : Fm in all species was also more rapid in the two treatments that contained UV radiation alone than in those that included PAR. These results suggest that it is the high irradiances of PAR in natural sunlight which are responsible for the photoinhibition of photosynthesis of subtidal seaweeds and that the current ambient irradiances of UV radiation (either UV-B or UV-A) in northern temperate latitudes would not contribute significantly to this photoinhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2001.00765.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of carbon supply on the circadian rhythmicity of photosynthesis and its stimulation by blue light in Ectocarpus siliculosus: clues to the mechanism of inorganic carbon acquisition in lower brown algae (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Stimulation or light-saturated rates of photosynthesis in Ectocarpus siliculosus (Dillwyn) Lyngb. by blue light was eliminated by increasing dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) or by lowering pH in natural seawater. The amplitude of the circadian rhythm of photosynthesis was also diminished under these conditions, and the pH compensation points in a closed system were higher in the presence of blue light and during the circadian day. These observations suggest that blue light and the circadian clock regulate the activity of a carbon acquisition system in these plants. The inhibitor of external carbonic anhydrase, acetazolamide, reduced overall rates of photosynthesis by only about 30%, but ethoxyzolamide suppressed the circadian rhythm of photosynthesis almost completely and markedly reduced the duration of responses to blue light pulses. Similar patterns were obtained when photosynthesis was measured in strongly limiting DIC concentrations (0–0.5 mol m−3). Since blue light stimulated photosynthesis under these conditions of strong carbon limitation, we suggest that blue light activates the release of CO2 from an internal CO2 store. We propose a metabolic pathway with similarities to that of CAM plants. Non-photosynthetic fixation leads to the accumulation of a storage metabolite. The circadian clock and blue light control the mobilization of CO2 at the site of decarboxylation of this metabolite. In the presence of continuous blue light the pathway is proposed to cycle and act as a pump for CO2 into the chloroplasts. This hypothesis helps to explain a number of previously reported peculiarities of brown algal photosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00329.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of blue light and inorganic carbon supply in the control of light-saturated photosynthesis in brown algae (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 15 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Photosynthetic capacities of five species of brown algae in red light were found to be strongly limited by the inorganic carbon supply of natural sea water. Under these conditions, pH 8·2 and dissolved inorganic carbon concentration (DIG) of 2·1 mol m−3, a short pulse of blue light was found to increase the subsequent rate of photosynthesis in saturating red light. The degree of blue light stimulation varied between species, ranging from an increase of over 200% of the original rate in Colpomenia peregrins to only 10% in Dictyota dichotoma. Increasing the DIG concentration of sea water by bicarbonate addition resulted in carbon saturation of photosynthesis in all five species. Blue light stimulation was greatly reduced at these higher DIG concentrations. The response in Laminaria digitata was examined in more detail by manipulation of pH and DIG to produce solutions with different concentrations of dissolved CO2. At a CO2 concentration typical of normal sea water (12·4 mmol m−3), blue light treatment increased photosynthetic rate by approximately 50%. Blue light stimulation was increased to over 150% at CO2 concentrations below that of sea water, whereas at concentrations above that of sea water, the effect was diminished. Therefore, the effect of blue light on photosynthetic capacity appears to involve an increase in the rate of supply of carbon dioxide to the plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01478.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of carbon supply on the stimulation of light-saturated photosynthesis by blue light in Laminaria saccharina: implications for the mechanism of carbon acquisition in higher brown algae (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In saturating irradiances of red light, photosynthesis of Laminaria saccharina (L.) Lamouroux was stimulated by low irradiances of continuous blue light only when the supply of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was limiting. The degree of this stimulation was inversely proportional to the logarithm of the concentration of free CO2, whether this was adjusted by varying the total DIC or the pH at a given DIC concentration. The final pH reached in a closed system was higher in blue light than in red light. Both acetazolamide and ethoxyzolamide suppressed the responses to blue light almost completely, but reduced photosynthesis in red light by only 30%. Buffering the pH of the seawater also suppressed the stimulation of photosynthesis by blue light without affecting the photosynthetic rate in red light. The transient stimulation of O2 evolution by a blue light pulse was not accompanied by a corresponding increase in CO2 consumption. These observations could be explained if, in analogy to the mechanism proposed for Ectocarpus (Schmid, Mills & Dring 1996, Plant Cell and Environment 19,373–382, this issue, accompanying paper), photosynthesis was supported by a blue-light-activated release of CO2 from an internal store. We suggest that the store is located in the vacuoles of the cortical tissue of the blades. The main photosynthetic tissue, however, is in the overlying meristoderm, and blue-light-activated mobilization of the store could stimulate O2 evolution only if periplasmic carbonic anhydrase was available to facilitate CO2 uptake from the cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00330.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Underwater illumination (1984)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 382-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THERE are advantages and disadvantages in attempting to bridge the gap between two scientific subjects. Ideally, the bridge will provide a route for the two-way traffic of ideas and scientists; but if the two subjects are in very different states of development, it may result instead in a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/309382a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Action spectra and spectral quantum yield of photosynthesis in marine macroalgae with thin and thick thalli (1985)
    Springer
    Marine biology 87 (1985), S. 119-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Net photosynthesis at 10μmol photons m-2 s-1 in each of 24 wavelengths was measured in absolute units by an O2-electrode and corrected for dark respiration to construct action spectra for gross photosynthesis in nine species of algae, which included plants with thin and thick thalli from each of four major pigment groups. The photosynthesis of green and brown algae with thin thalli decreased in green light, but species with thick thalli from these two groups had action spectra which were almost flat, and matched the optical blackness of the thalli but did not reflect the pigment differences between the species. Among the red algae, on the other hand, there was little difference between the action spectra for thin and thick algae. Only wavelengths absorbed by the phycobilin pigments were effective in photosynthesis, even in species (e.g. Chondrus, Phyllophora) which absorbed all visible wavelengths strongly. Maximal quantum yields of 0.10 to 0.12 O2 molecules per absorbed photon were recorded for thin green and brown algae, but thicker algae in these two groups had lower values. Red algae exhibited maximal values close to 0.10 O2 molecules per absorbed photon, irrespective of thallus thickness or phycocyanin content, but the quantum yields of phycoerythrin-rich species in the 600 to 650 nm waveband were lower than those of phycocyanin-rich species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00539419
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emerson enhancement effect and quantum yield of photosynthesis for marine macroalgae in simulated underwater light fields (1985)
    Springer
    Marine biology 87 (1985), S. 109-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The contribution of enhancement to the total photosynthesis of marine macroalgae in their natural habitats was estimated by comparing the photosynthesis measured by O2-electrode in five broad-band light fields with that predicted (on the assumption that no enhancement was occurring) from the photosynthetic action spectrum of each plant and the spectral distribution of the light fields. The excess of measured values divided by calculated values provided a measure of enhancement. Although 37% enhancement was observed for red algae in unfiltered quartz-iodine light, and 18% for green and brown algae, substantially lower values were obtained for all species in more natural light fields. In those typical of shallow coastal waters, phycoerythrin-rich red algae exhibited 15 to 20% enhancement, but little enhancement (〈5%) was detected in other algae. In a green light field, representing deep coastal water, there was no significant enhancement in any species, and only green and brown algae showed any enhancement (ca 8%) in broad-band blue light, similar to that in deep oceanic waters. Quantum yields of 0.09 to 0.10 O2 molecules per absorbed photon were recorded in most light fields for green and brown algae with thin thalli, but yields decreased in the blue light field and in species with thicker thalli. All red algae had quantum yields of about 0.08 O2 molecules per absorbed photon, except in the blue light field, in which quantum yields were reduced by 70%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00539418
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A photoperiodic response mediated by blue light in the brown alga Scytosiphon lomentaria (1975)
    Springer
    Planta 125 (1975), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The crustose phase of Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngb.) J. Ag. persists indefinitely in 16 h of white light per day, but produces erect, cylindrical thalli vegetatively in 8-h days. The critical daylength for this short-day (SD) response is sharply defined, and, between 12 and 13 h, differences in daylength of only 15 min produce substantial differences in response. A significant response to SD can be induced by as few as 4 SD cycles, but 10–12 cycles are required to saturate the response and induce more than 90% of the plants to form thalli. The response to SD is completely inhibited by a 1-min light-break with a low irradiance of blue light, given in the middle of a 16-h dark period, but is unaffected by longer periods and higher irradiances of red or far-red light. There is good reciprocity between the irradiance and the length of a light-break with blue light, and 50% inhibition of the response to SD is induced by about 2 nE cm-2 at 449 nm. All attempts to reverse the inhibitory effects of blue light by subsequent irradiation with another wavelength have so far failed. These results indicate that phytochrome is not the photoreceptor pigment for this response, in spite of the similarity of the response in all other respects to the photoperiodic responses of flowering plants and other algae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388870
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoperiodic control of tetrasporangium formation in the red alga Rhodochorton purpureum (1983)
    Springer
    Planta 159 (1983), S. 143-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Blue light ; Geographical distribution (alga, daylength) ; Photoperiodism ; Phytochrome ; Reproduction (alga) ; Rhodochorton ; Rhodophyta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Six geographical isolates of Rhodochorton purpureum (Lightfoot) Rosenvinge (Rhodophyta, Nemalionales) formed tetrasporangia only in short days at 10°C. For most isolates, the critical day-length increased with latitude of origin from 9.5 h for an isolate from California to 14.5 h for one from Antarctica. Tetrasporangium production could be induced by 9–15 short-day cycles followed by a further 22–28 cycles in long days. A night-break consisting of 1 h of white light in the middle of a 16-h dark period inhibited the short-day response of isolates from low latitudes, but not those from higher latitudes. When a similar night-break was given in the middle of a 14-h dark period, however, the response of all isolates was at least partially inhibited. Night-breaks given at any time in the central 7 h of a 14-h dark period were equally inhibitory. Broad-band red light (0.3–0.4 mmol m-2), given as a night-break, caused 50% inhibition of the short-day response. At a slightly higher photon exposure (0.6 mmol m-2, given as 1 μmol m-2 s-1 for 10 min), narrow-band red (662 nm) and blue (448 nm) light caused similar inhibition, but green (547 nm) and far-red (731 nm) were ineffective as night-breaks. The inhibitory effect of a 10-min night-break with red light could not be reversed by subsequent exposure to an equal photon exposure of far-red light. These results add to the existing evidence that the pigments mediating photoperiodic responses among algae are more varied than those among flowering plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392985
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