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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides Bind Selectively to Lymphocytes from Lipopolysaccharide High-responder Mouse Strains (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 10 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Three different concentrations of horseradish peroxidase-labelled lipopolysaccharride (LPS-HRP) were added in vitro to spleen cells from the LPS high-responder strain C3H/Tif and to cells from the low-responder strain C3H/HeJ. After being washed and fixed the cells were exposed to the substrate and prepared for electron microscopy. After addition of 7 and 0.7 μg/ml of labelled LPS only lymphocytes from the high-responder strain were labelled. About 5–10% of the cells from C3H/Tif bound LPS. which is in accordance with the known frequency of B cells possessing the genetically determined LPS receptor. At the highest dose of labelled LPS (70 μg/ml) a large proportion of lymphocytes from the low-responder strain also bound LPS. Erythrocytes from both strains bound LPS at all concentrations. It is concluded that LPS-HRP allows the detection at the cellular level of LPS binding to the genetically controlled membrane receptor for LPS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1979.tb01390.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INDICATIONS OF AN AUTOIMMUNE COMPONENT IN LP(a) ASSOCIATED DISORDERS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 21 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The exceptionally strong independent association found between Lp(a) lipoprotein [Lp(a)] levels and atherosclerotic disorders indicate that Lp(a) is a factor of considerable importance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The association between Lp(a) and diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and renal diseases suggest that Lp(a) may be involved in immunological mechanisms.Lp(a) has a great tendency to aggregate and bind to glucosaminoglycans, fibrin and fibronectin and is preferentially retained in the extracellular matrix during development of atherosclerosis and is in vitro phagocytosed by macrophages, probably as small aggregates. It was previously found that the Lp(a) level is significantly related to the HLA class II genotype in male patients with early coronary artery disease. In this paper additional results of interleukin determinations in relation to HLA type and Lp(a) levels are presented and discussed. It is suggested that an autoimmune process, perhaps triggered by a concomitant intracellular infection may occur, especially in patients with inherited high Lp(a) levels in combination with certain inherited HLA class II genotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1994.tb00201.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide in root canals pretreated with 5% iodine potassium iodide (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Dental traumatology 15 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0595
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Calcium hydroxide (CH) is often used as a routine interappointment dressing during the endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis. However, it fails to consistently produce sterile root canals. The present study was set up to find out whether an antimicrobial strategy including the use of CH could be made more effective if: 1) canals were pretreated with 5% iodine potassium iodide (IPI), and 2) the dressing period was extended up to 2 months. Fifty human teeth, with radiographically verified apical periodontitis, were microbiologically sampled. After chemomechanical preparation the canals were pretreated with IPI for 3–7 days. Teeth where microorganisms persisted were then treated with CH for 2 months. Following instrumentation and dressing with IPI, 43 bacterial strains were recovered in 22 of the teeth. Samples obtained after the CH dressing period disclosed growth of 13 facultative and two strict anaerobic strains in 10 teeth. Enterococcus faecalis was identified in two specimens. In conclusion, the present study gave no evidence for an increased antimicrobial effect of CH if it was left for longer periods in the root canal. Although pretreatment with IPI from a quantitative point of view did not seem to add antimicrobial power, it might reduce the frequency of persisting strains of E. faecalis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1999.tb00775.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The diagnostic accuracy of microbiologic root canal sampling and the influence of antimicrobial dressings (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Dental traumatology 15 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0595
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Reit C, Molander A, Dahlén G. The diagnostic accuracy of microbiologic root canal sampling and the influence of antimicrobial dressings. Endod Dent Traumatol 1999; 15: 278–283.© Munksgaard, 1999.Abstract — The routine approach to endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis often involves an interappointment dressing with calcium hydroxide. However, investigations have demonstrated a negative influence of calcium hydroxide on the accuracy of microbiological root canal sampling (MRS). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the use of a fluid dressing like 5% iodine potassium iodide (IPI) would increase the accuracy of MRS. Following instrumentation of 50 teeth with radiographically verified apical periodontitis the root canals received IPI as an intra-canal dressing. One week after closure canals were sampled, “test sample” (TS), and then left filled with sampling fluid and temporarily sealed. Seven days later a “gold standard” (GS) sample was obtained. Bacteria were recovered in 22 teeth (44%) in TS as well as in GS. Fifteen teeth (30%) were positive for growth in both samples. Using the detection level “very sparse growth” of microbes the sensitivity and specificity of MRS reached 68% and 75%, respectively. In an earlier study, following the same experimental protocol, but with calcium hydroxide as intracanal dressing, the corresponding values were 33% and 81%. In 25% of these cases bacteria persisted in the canals. As compared to calcium hydroxide, the use of IPI resulted in improved test accuracy, but loss of antibacterial capacity. Conclusively, intracanal dressings seem to vary in their influence on the microbiologic test performance as well as in their antibacterial efficacy. In a clinical situation the choice of interappointment dressing should include consideration of these potentially conflicting properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1999.tb00788.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial colonization on internal surfaces of Brånemark system® implant components (1996)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 7 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of the present study was to examine the microbiota on the internal surface of the components of 28 Brånemark implants® in 10 partially edentulous patients who had been treated with 1 fixed partial prostheses each. The prostheses had been in function for 1 to 8 years. The fixed prostheses were checked for mobility and removed. The abutment screws were loosened and classified as stable, easily removed or loose. Then, bacterial samples were obtained from the various internal surfaces of the implant system. Estimation and identification of the most predominant species was performed on the blood agar plates. Identification was based on Gram reaction, oxygen sensitivity and biochemical tests. Internal surfaces of different components of the Brånemark implants®, after varying periods of function in the oral cavity, consistently harboured a heterogeneous and primarily anaerobic microbiota. The individual samples showed a great variation. No relation could be seen between type and length of abutment, abutment stability, bone loss and type and number of microorganisms found in the samples. The flora consisted mainly of facultative and anaerobic streptococci, Gram-positive anaerobic rods such as Propionibacterium, Eubacterium and Actinomyces species and Gram-negative anaerobic rods including Fusobacterium, Prevotella and Porphyomonas species. There are reasons to suggest that this presence of bacteria is the result of (i) a contamination of the fixture and abutment components during the 1st and/or 2nd stage of implant installation and/or (ii) a transmission of microorganisms from the oral environment during function subsequent to bridge installation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1996.070201.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A longitudinal microbiological study on osseointegrated titanium implants in partially edentulotis patients (1993)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 4 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim was to longitudinally follow the colonization of putative periodontal pathogens on titanium implants in partially edentulous patients. Nineteen individuals, who were partially edentulous and were on the waiting-list to be treated with titanium fixtures, were included in the study. They were treated for periodontal disease with oral hygiene instructions and supra- and subgingival debridement and were left for maintenance. Full-mouth recordings of each patient were performed at baseline, including attachment level and probing pocket depth. Bleeding was provoked and visible plaque were registered. Subgingival samples were taken for examination of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Bridge connection was completed 1 month after abutment connection. The bone level was registered on radiographs. The patients were followed with clinical registrations and subgingival samples at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. No significant changes in pocket depth, attachment level, bleeding on probing or plaque score occurred during the experimental period. The number of individuals positive at teeth and abutments for the various bacterial species reached approximately similar levels at 6 months. No significant changes over time were seen. Comparison between bone height. seen on radiographs, at abutments after 2, 12 and 36 months gave only 3 sites with bone loss of 〉 0.5 mm. All these sites were found in one patient and were accompanied by P. intermedia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1993.040301.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of gingival inflammation on de novo plaque formation (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 21 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the present clinical trial was to examine the influence of gingival inflammation on de novo plaque formation. In addition, the effect of a varying number of salivary bacteria on early plaque formation was evaluated. 10 subjects were recruited for the trial which was designed to establish 2 different starting points for de novo plaque formation. 1 in a healthy dentition and 1 in a gingivitis dentition. On Day 0 and at regular intervals during a 5-week period, the panelists were examined with respect to gingivitis, plaque and number of salivary bacteria. The findings from the study demonstrated that the condition of the marginal gingiva plays an important role in the early stages of plaque formation. Thus, in both phases of the study, it was observed that at sites with initially healthy gingival units, less plaque formed (PII=0.93 and 0.82) than at sites with G1 〉 0 (PII= 1.24 and 1.28) at the 2 different starting points. The number of salivary bacteria seemed to be less important than the state of the gingiva for the amount of plaque that formed during a 4-day period of no active mechanical tooth cleaning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00277.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Longitudinal stability of serum immunoglobulin G responses to periodontal bacteria (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The value of seroepidemiology in the study of periodontal infections has not been adequately explored. This study examined serum immunoglobulin (IgG) responses to periodontal bacteria in patients with periodontitis and periodontitis-free individuals over a 30-month period.Methods: Eighty-nine patients with chronic periodontitis and 42 control subjects with no deep periodontal pockets and no or minimal attachment loss (30–72 years old, 43% men) were included. Patients were examined at baseline, after completed periodontal therapy 4 months post-baseline, and at 30 months, and controls, at baseline and 30 months. IgG antibodies to 19 periodontal species were determined by checkerboard immunoblotting.Results: On average, patients displayed at baseline up to 800-fold higher titers than controls to all but three species. Over the 30-month period, titers remained stable at low levels in controls. In patients, periodontal conditions improved from a baseline mean probing depth of 3.6 mm, bleeding on probing of 62% and an average of 21.5 pockets of=6 mm/person, to 2.5 mm mean pocket depth, 30% bleeding on probing, and 1.2 deep pockets, at 30 months. Over time, antibody titers showed a modest decline in patients, but remained significantly elevated at 30 months in comparison with controls. Antibody-level changes over time were not significantly different between subjects that did and did not receive adjunctive systemic antibiotics.Conclusions: Conspicuous differences in IgG titers to periodontal bacteria exist between periodontitis patients and periodontally healthy controls. Despite successful periodontal therapy, titers remained elevated over a 30-month period, suggesting that serology may mark the history of past periodontal infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00599.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of plaque and gingivitis following antibiotic therapy in dogs (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 9 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Changes in the subgingival microbiota were studied during a 4-week period of plaque accumulation in beagles which initially had clean teeth and healthy gingiva. The effect of Clindamycin, Metronidazole and Vancomycin on the microbiota and associated gingivitis was also determined. Fifteen 1-year-old beagle dogs were used. During two subsequent periods of plaque accumulation, one without (control) and one with (test) antibiotic therapy, the animals were allowed to accumulate plaque. Plaque and gingivitis development was assessed by clinical measurements. Plaque samples were harvested from the gingival sulcus region and the percentage distribution of different bacteria was determined following aerobic and anaerobic incubation in selected media. Following microbial sampling, biopsies of the gingiva and surrounding soft and hard tissues were removed and the size of the inflammatory cell infiltrate assessed.The results demonstrated that beagle dogs with a normal gingiva harbored a microbiota within the gingival sulcus region dominated by gram-positive and gram-negative rods. After 4 weeks of undisturbed plaque accumulation, the number of sulcus bacteria had increased 100-fold. This increase was the result of a proliferation of gram-negative anaerobic rods. Concomitant with this change of the microflora, an inflammatory reaction developed in the gingiva. When the dogs during a similar 4-week period were given Metronidazole, no increase of the subgingival microbiota occurred. The inflammatory response of the gingiva was minute. Treatment with Clindamycin and Vancomycin did not entirely prevent the proliferation of the subgingival bacteria. The number of microorganisms harbored after 4 weeks of Clindamycin and Vancomycin treatment was, however, only 50% of that of the control period. Even if the number of colony forming units was similar at the end of Vancomycin and Clindamycin treatment the quality of the two subgingival microbiotas was different. Vancomycin treatment resulted in a plaque dominated by gram-negative bacteria while Clindamycin allowed gram-positive bacteria to increase in number. Gingival inflammation resulting in the Vancomycin group was more pronounced than the gingivitis response in the Clindamycin group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1982.tb02062.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A 4-quadrant comparative study of periodontal treatment using tetracycline-containing drug delivery fibers and scaling (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 18 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study describes results on selected clinical and microbiological parameters obtained by periodontal treatment with ethylene vinyl acetate fibers containing 25% by weight tetracycline hydrochloride placed into the periodontal pocket alone or in combination with scaling. Supragingival plaque control was maintained throughout the study by weekly professional cleaning and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinses. Controls included untreated sites and sites treated by conventional scaling alone in a 4-quadrant split-mouth design. The experiment was conducted on 95 teeth from 10 subjects with periodontal pockets ≥6 mm which initially bled on probing. All treatments resulted in changes indicative of effective therapy. Pocket depth was reduced, bleeding on probing decreased and gingival index scores decreased. Parallel to the clinical changes, all treatments reduced total bacterial numbers, % black-pigmented Bacteroides, motile bacteria, non-motile rods, and produced a proportionate increase in cocci. Fiber therapy with or without scaling reduced bacterial counts by approximately 2 orders of magnitude when evaluated at 62 days post-therapy. The combination of fiber therapy with scaling was particularly effective, suggesting a possible synergy between these forms of therapy. The combined therapy eliminated bleeding on probing, and black-pigmented Bacteroides, and produced the greatest mean reduction in pocket depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb01699.x
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