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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of limestone wastes from metal mining as agricultural lime: potential heavy metal limitations (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 9 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Finely ground limestone waste from lead mining is discarded as useless but could be a valuable alternative to agricultural limestone. A glasshouse pot experiment established that it is an effective liming material. Two kinds were used: one from north Wales (HMT) represented metal-rich waste produced by the older water-gravity separation of ores; the other (NLB) was a modern flotation tailings. A commercial lime (CLS) was used for comparison. The materials were applied to an acid soil in quantities sufficient to raise the pH to 7 (single liming) and at much greater rates equivalent to annual limings for 369 years. All treatments were replicated five times and the soil/lime mixtures were analysed for EDTA-extractable lead, zinc and cadmium. Radish was grown as the test plant and hypocotyl and leaf tissue were analysed for the same metals. The larger additions of HMT and NLB caused chlorosis and decreased yields. The cadmium and lead concentrations of leaves and hypocotyls suggested that the HMT material could be safely applied to soil annually for 79 years and NLB for 277 years. It is concluded that NLB can be used as agricultural limestone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1993.tb00928.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Greater contribution to blood lead from water than from air (1984)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 310 (1984), S. 138-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Our surveys were based on representative samples of women in five areas chosen to represent different exposures to traffic: Cardiff, a major city which has 30,000-40,000 vehicles per day on the major roads; dwellings within 100m of the elevated motorway in Port Talbot, with around 27,000 vehicles ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/310138a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The epidemiology of dental caries in relation to environmental trace elements (1987)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 87-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Apatite ; caries ; enamel ; fluorine ; lead ; molybdenum ; selenium ; trace metals ; vegetables ; water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This paper reviews the influence of the geochemical environment on the epidemiology of human dental caries. The best documented association is that between water borne fluoride and reduced caries prevalence. The influence of fluoride was first reported during the early decades of this century in Colorado, USA, and led to the fluoridation of some public water supplies in several countries. In all cases, fluoridation has been followed by significant improvements in dental health and no adverse effects in general health. Other trace elements in food and water have now been linked with dental caries. Molybdenum has been associated with reduced caries prevalence whereas selenium and lead appear to have adverse effects. Cavity formation in teeth probably involves a localised dissolution of the enamel surface by the products of bacterial activity. It is possible that the incorporation of trace metals into the apatite microcrystals of enamel may alter their physical properties, especially solubility, and hence their susceptibility to degradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01940359
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin in man (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ticarcillin ; probenecid ; excretion ; pharmacokinetics ; automated chemical assay method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The excretion of radioactivity has been investigated in 3 healthy volunteers following rapid intravenous administration of 5 g of [35S]-ticarcillin. The radioactive dose was rapidly and completely excreted, since within 4 days 98.5% was recovered, 95% in the urine and 3.5% in faeces. All the urine radioactivity was accounted for as ticarcillin and its penicilloic acid. Plasma and urine samples collected from the volunteers at frequent intervals during the first 6 h of the experiment were assayed for penicillin by an automated chemical method and also for radioactivity. The results obtained by the chemical autoanalyser method were in excellent agreement with the plasma levels of radioactivity. From the data it was possible to calculate the renal clearance of the penicillin, a mean value of 104 ml/min was observed in the 3 volunteers. A further three volunteers were dosed intravenously with a 5 g bolus of non-radiolabelled ticarcillin in a cross-over study with and without predosing with probenecid. Serum samples were analysed by the chemical method for penicillin and the data subjected to pharmacokinetic analysis using a two compartment open model. The results indicate a shift of the distribution equilibrium of ticarcillin from the serum into the peripheral compartment after predosing with probenecid. Furthermore, the mean half-life of ticarcillin in the serum of the three volunteers was significantly increased from 1.3 h to 2.1 h by predosing with probenecid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00545973
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of heavy metal contaminated soils in Northeast Clwyd, Wales (1978)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 9 (1978), S. 507-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Samples of surface soil were collected on a regular grid from an area of 260 km2 in and around the Halkyn Mountain Pb mining district of northeast Clwyd, Wales. They were analyzed for organic content, pH, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Computer-drawn isoline (contour) maps using SYMAP, and a perspective block diagram using SYMVU, were prepared from the metal data. Extensive areas of Cd, Pb, and Zn contamination and smaller areas of Cu contamination were found. They were explained by pollution from Pb and Zn mining and smelting and the degree of contamination reflected the relative amounts of ore produced. Contamination by Cd was explained by its occurrence in sphalerite (ZnS) at levels of about 1%. The metal levels were compared with soil contents found in other contaminated areas and its was concluded that the Cd and Pb problem in Clwyd is as severe as any hitherto reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213546
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radioactivity in the environment (1991)
    Springer
    Environmental geochemistry and health 13 (1991), S. 138-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2983
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01758543
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1993)
    Springer
    Environmental geochemistry and health 15 (1993), S. 55-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2983
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146293
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1988)
    Springer
    Environmental geochemistry and health 10 (1988), S. 70-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2983
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01758670
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aqua regia extractable trace elements in surface soils of venezuela (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental geochemistry and health 21 (1999), S. 227-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2983
    Keywords: land use ; lithology ; sampling ; trace metals ; tropical soils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Surface soils (0–15 cm) were sampled at 10–20 km intervals along two transects in Venezuela. One (1162 km, 70 samples) ran west to east parallel with the Caribbean coastline, the other (920 km, 92 samples) ran south to north from the frontier with Brazil to the Caribbean shore. Sampling took place in both a wet and a dry season. Trace metals were extracted from dried, sieved (〈2 mm) soil with boiling aqua regia followed by analysis by ICP or flame AAS. Metal values did not differ significantly between the two seasons and dates were averaged. Geometric mean values for the west–east transect were: Cr = 41.5, Cu 17.9, Cs 3.6, Li = 13.9, Mn = 294, Ni = 21.3, Pb = 17.4, Sr = 39.4, V = 60.4 and Zn = 83.7 μg g−1, respectively. Similarly, for the south–north transect Cr = 21.3, Cu = 4.3, Cs = 1.1, Li = 2.0, Mn = 55.7, Ni = 4.4, Pb = 6.1, Sr = 13.3, V = 28.2 and Zn = 16.7 μg g−1, respectively. A classification of samples by lithology showed surface soil composition to be related to rock composition. Metal values were low in the soils in the south of the country, in the Guyana highlands (Gran Sabana). Low Zn contents were prevalent. Lead contents were affected by roadside fallout from vehicles using leaded petrol except that high Pb contents of soils in the Gran Sabana were of more complex origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006670415312
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy metal contaminated soils in an old industrial area of Wales, Great Britain: Source identification through statistical data interpretation (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 94 (1997), S. 85-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: soil ; pollution ; heavy metals ; smelters ; factor analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A combined statistical and computergraphic approach is proposed for apportionment and attribution of soil contaminants in complex areas. The field test site lies north of Swansea, south Wales and contains two major pollutant sources, an active nickel refiner and (4 km away) the site of major base metal smelting in the nineteenth century (the Lower Swansea Valley reclamation study area). Soil samples (70 samples, 0–15 cm) were collected on a regular grid of 1000 m interval. They were extracted using 0.05 M diammonium EDTA and the extracts analysed for Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. Soil pH and %organic content were also determined. Factor analysis yielded three groups which explained 73.8% of the data variance (1: Cd, Cu, %OM, Pb, Zn, Ni; 2: Cd, Zn, Mn, pH; 3: Cu, Mn, Co, Ni, Fe). Isoline plots were classifiable into the same three groups. It was concluded that factor 3 contained those elements associated with smelter emissions, factor 1 with contamination from the Lower Swansea Valley and in factor 2 pedogenetic processes control the occurrence of the elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407095
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