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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium on Isolated Rat Brain Mitochondria: Evidence for a Primary Involvement of Energy Depletion (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 63 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) on the oxygen consumption, ATP production, H2O2 production, and mitochondrial NADH-CoQ1 reductase (complex I) activity of isolated rat brain mitochondria were investigated. Using glutamate and malate as substrates, concentrations of 10–100 µM MPP+ had no effect on state 4 (−ADP) respiration but decreased state 3 (+ADP) respiration and ATP production. Incubating mitochondria with ADP for 30 min after loading with varying concentrations of MPP+ produced a concentration-dependent decrease in H2O2 production. Incubation of mitochondria with ADP for 60 min after loading with 100 µM MPP+ caused no loss of complex I activity after washing of MPP+ from the mitochondrial membranes. These data are consistent with MPP+ initially binding specifically to complex I and inhibiting both the flow of reducing equivalents and the production of H2O2 by the mitochondrial respiratory chain, without irreversibly damaging complex I. However, mitochondria incubated with H2O2 in the presence of Cu2+ ions showed decreased complex I activity. This study provides additional evidence that cellular damage initiated by MPP+ is due primarily to energy depletion caused by specific binding to complex I, any increased damage due to free radical production by mitochondria being a secondary effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63020640.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain Tissue Acidosis: Effects on the Extracellular Concentration of N-Acetylaspartate (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 69 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: N-Acetylaspartate (NAA) is characterized by a high tissue-to-extracellular concentration ratio under normal conditions and is released from neurons during hyposmotic cell swelling. As cell volume regulation and acid-base homeostasis share common processes, we have examined by microdialysis whether the extracellular concentration of NAA is altered by various acidotic challenges. Twenty-minute perfusion of 50 mM NH4+ through the microdialysis probe progressively lowered dialysate pH by 0.18, followed by a sudden, additional reduction after NH4+ removal. The latter effect indicated extrusion of cellular H+ because it was suppressed by blockade of Na+/H+ exchange with 5-(N,N-dimethyl)amiloride (1 or 5 mM in perfusion medium). NH4+ increased dialysate levels of NAA and lactate by approximately two- and threefold their initial values, respectively. These data demonstrate that pronounced intracellular acidosis is associated with NAA efflux, presumably from neurons. Whether this effect is linked directly to acid-base homeostasis or is secondary to acidosis-induced cell swelling remains to be clarified. Hypercapnia and perfusion of acid medium failed to increase dialysate NAA, probably because acidosis was not severe enough or the associated cellular swelling was not followed by regulatory volume decrease. As cellular swelling and acidosis are key features of cerebral ischaemia, further investigations into the role of NAA, and the development of sophisticated magnetic resonance spectroscopic methods capable of resolving intra-/extracellular NAA redistribution, would be especially relevant to clinical practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69020655.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effective peri-operative pain management in cancer patients (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 44 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1989.tb09168.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA flow cytometry of thymomas (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 15 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Forty-seven thymomas have been examined by DNA flow cytometry and results correlated with histology, stage, associated clinical features and survival. Twenty-five cases were DNA diploid, 14 were ancuploid and no results could be obtained for eight cases. The presence of ancuploidy correlated with more advanced (stage II and III) disease and the presence of myasthenia gravis and was more frequent in epithelial predominant thymomas. Tumour recurrence was more frequent in DNA aneuploid tumours, stage II/III disease and epithelial predominant neoplasms. Multifactorial analysis showed that DNA aneuploidy was predictive of tumour recurrence independent of the effects of stage and histology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1989.tb03043.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatic morphology and histochemistry of Wilson's disease presenting as fulminant hepatic failure: a study of 11 cases (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 15 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Eleven cases of Wilson's disease presenting as fulminant hepatic failure were analysed retrospectively to determine the specificity or otherwise of the histological findings. All cases were cirrhotic, eight with a micronodular pattern. There was marked parenchymal collapse with ductular proliferation and mild inflammation. Other features included cholestasis, hepatocyte necrosis, microvesicular fat and nuclear vacuolation. Orcein staining demonstrated copper-associated protein in the periphery of cirrhotic nodules in all cases and also variably within nodules in eight cases. Copper was demonstrable by the rhodanine method in similar locations but the staining reaction was qualitatively weaker in all cases. Characteristically, there was staining of both parenchymal and mononuclear phagocytic cells. This triad of cirrhosis, strong copper-associated protein deposition and copper positivity was not present in a control group of 20 cases of fulminant hepatic failure of other aetiology and with a similar clinical presentation. It is concluded that in the clinical context of fulminant hepatitis the presence of cirrhosis should raise the suspicion of Wilson's disease and that, with routinely processed and stained tissue, including autopsy tissue, the diagnosis can be made histologically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1989.tb01590.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant epithelioid haemangioendothelioma of the liver: A clinicopathological and histochemical study of 12 cases (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 15 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We describe the clinicopathological findings in 12 cases of hepatic epithelioid haemangioendothelioma in order to identify diagnostic and prognostic features of this unusual vascular neoplasm. Three main tumour patterns were observed histologically: (1) a peripheral pattern with neoplastic cells scattered between fairly normal liver cell plates; (2) a cellular pattern showing a confusing admixture of pleomorphic tumour cells and atrophied hepatocytes set in a small amount of fibrous stroma; and (3) a scarred pattern with sparse tumour cells in a dense fibrous matrix. There were two types of vascular invasion: tuft-like intravascular proliferations of epithelioid cells and fibro-thrombotic venous occlusions. Awareness of these different aspects is important, as they are variably sampled by biopsy needles. The clinical course in this series was less favourable than that previously reported. Eight patients have died, in six instances of liver failure within 4–41 months of diagnosis. Extensive involvement of both lobes of the liver heralds imminent hepatic failure. The slow growth of metastases may justify liver transplantation in order to prolong life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1989.tb03073.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cost-Effective Water-Quality Modelling of Potable Water Distribution Systems (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 9 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Before privatization of the water authorities in England and Wales in 1989, future water companies were instructed to provide auditable proof of their investment requirements by the production of asset management plans.With respect to distribution systems for potable water, asset management plan studies have established that unlined ferrous mains are often the main cause of complaints about discoloured water. It has also been found that the investment in water mains rehabilitation, which is driven by water quality problems, overshadows similar investment requirements driven by high burst rates and poor hydraulic performance.This paper describes how certain techniques of water quality modelling have been developed and refined to provide a rapid, cost-effective method for identifying requirements for water-main rehabilitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1995.tb01485.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Focal nodular hyperplasia-like areas in cirrhosis (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 42 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims:  Focal nodular hyperplasia-like lesions have rarely been described in cirrhotic livers. We describe five cases of such lesions.Methods and results:  Between 1998 and 2001, 146 liver transplants were performed at the Royal Free Hospital for cirrhosis of the liver. Nodular lesions identified in the livers removed at transplantation were defined histologically according to the International Working Party classification (Hepatology 1995; 22; 983). They were present in 63 of these livers, as follows: 36 dysplastic nodules, 121 macroregenerative nodules, and 71 hepatocellular carcinomas. In five patients, an additional 12 nodules (size range 4–23 mm, median 10.5 mm) showed histological features suggestive of focal nodular hyperplasia including mildly inflamed vascular fibrous septa, and ductular proliferation. Pre-transplantation imaging showed features suspicious for hepatocellular carcinoma, in three of these lesions (12, 23 and 23 mm diameter) from two different patients. These lesions were histologically indistinguishable from focal nodular hyperplasia occurring in non-cirrhotic livers, with fibrous scars and septa which contained vascular and ductular structures.Conclusions:  It is important to recognize that these lesions may occur in the context of cirrhosis and that they should be considered in the differential diagnosis with hepatocellular carcinoma, dysplastic nodules and macroregenerative nodules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2003.01550.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcifying fibrous pseudotumour arising within an inflammatory pseudotumour: evidence of progression from one lesion to the other? (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 37 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2000.00997-1.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multicentre randomized placebo-controlled trial of ursodeoxycholic acid with or without colchicine in symptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 14 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To establish the efficacy of combination therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and colchicine in patients with symptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), defined by the presence of liver cirrhosis, pruritus or bilirubin exceeding 2 mg/mL.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:A total of 90 patients were randomly assigned to ursodeoxycholic acid 500 mg/daily plus placebo (UDCA group, n=44), or ursodeoxycholic acid at the same dosage plus colchicine, 1 mg/daily (UDCA/C group, n=46). The two groups were comparable for age, sex, stage of disease, severity of pruritus, bilirubin, and Mayo score. All patients underwent clinical, ultrasonographic, and biochemical examinations at entry and then every 6 months up to 3 years of follow-up. Patients with cirrhosis underwent endoscopy every 12 months. In a sub-group of patients without cirrhosis, who consented, liver biopsy was repeated at the end of the study.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:The number of treatment failures (i.e. dead, orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), complications of cirrhosis, doubling of bilirubin, untreatable pruritus) was 11 (25%) in the UDCA group and four (9%) in the UDCA/C group (P 〈 0.05). No significant differences were observed in terms of improvement of liver enzymes related to cholestasis and cytolysis and of amelioration of pruritus. The Mayo score values increased less above the baseline values at 24 and 36 month-intervals in the UDCA/C group than in the UDCA group. Histological evaluation at baseline and at the end of the study was available for 15 patients with pre-cirrhotic stage. A significant reduction in histological grading score was observed in patients from the UDCA/C group, whereas no changes in these histological scores were observed in the UDCA group.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:The addition of colchicine to ursodeoxycholic acid in patients with symptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis results in a small but significant reduction of disease progress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00869.x
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