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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Entre Janvier 1980 et Décembre 1991, nous avons opéré 295 patients ayant un cancer gastrique. Chez 166 (56.3%), l'exérèse a été jugée curative. Chez 93 (56%) des cas, il s'agissait d'une gastrectomie subtotale alors que dans 73 (44%) cas, une gastrectomie totale a été pratiquée. Dans tous les cas une lymphadénectomie du type D-2 lui a été associée. La morbidité globale a été de 23% et la mortalité hospitalière de 3.6%. La morbidité et la mortalité des deux types d'intervention différaient de façon statistiquement significative. La survie à 5 ans de la série en entier a été de 61.3%. Une analyse uni et multifactorielle a pu mettre en évidence une différence statistiquement significative en ce qui concerne la survie par rapport à la classification T-N (TNM), le nombre de ganglions réséqués et le nombre de ganglions envahis/nombre de ganglions enlevés. Cette analyse a permis d'identifier les malades à haut risque, indépendamment du site de l'envahissement lymphatique. La courbe de survie et la survie estimée à 5 ans étaient identiques selon que la tumeur a été classée intestinale ou diffuse selon Lauren. Cette classification n'a pas, pourtant, de valeur pronostique d'après les analyses uni et multifactorielle. A notre avis, la pénétration tumorale et le degré d'envahissement lymphatique sont les deux facteurs pronostiques les plus constants.
    Abstract: Resumen En el período enero 1980 a diciembre 1991 se operaron 295 pacientes con carcinoma gástrico. En 166 (56.3%), la cirugía fue realizada con intención curativa; en 93 (56%) se realizó gastrectomía subtotal y en 73 (44%) gastrectomía total. En la totalidad de los casos se realizó linfadenectomía “D-2”. La mortalidad global fue 23% y la mortalidad hospitalaria 3.6%. Las tasas de mortalidad y morbilidad de estas dos operaciones aparecieron significativamente diferentes. La sobrevida global a cinco años estimada para la totalidad de la serie es de 61.3%. Los análisis uni y multivariables de acuerdo con la clasificación TNM, el número de ganglios positivos resecados y la relación positivos/resecados revelaron resultados estadísticamente diferentes. Este tipo de clasificación cuantitativa permitió la identificación de Grupos de alto riesgo independientes del lugar de la invasión ganglionar. Los tumores clasificados como intestinales o difusos (clasificación de Lauren), registraron similares curvas de sobrevida y de sobrevida estimada a cinco años (P=0.834). Mediante el análisis univariable y multivariable esta clasificación no demostró tener valor pronóstico en nuestro Grupo de pacientes. En nuestra opinión, el grado de penetración del tumor y la invasión ganglionar son los factores de pronóstico más confiables.
    Notes: Abstract From January 1980 to December 1991 we operated on 295 patients with a gastric carcinoma. In 166 cases (56.3%) surgery was performed with curative intent. In 93 patients (56%) a subtotal gastrectomy was performed, and in 73 cases (44%) a total gastrectomy. In all the cases a D-2 type lymphadenectomy was used. The global morbidity rate was 23%, and in-hospital mortality was 3.6%. The morbidity and mortality rates of these two operations were statistically different. Global 5-year survival estimate for the whole series is 61.3%. Univariate and multivariate analysis according to T and N (TNM classification), the number of positive nodes resected, and the relation of positive per resected nodes, revealed statistically different outcomes. This kind of quantitative classification allowed identification of high risk groups irrespective of site of nodal involvement. Tumors classified as intestinal or diffuse type by the Lauren classification had similar survival curves and 5-year survival estimates (p=0.834). By univariate and multivariate analysis this classification did not reveal a prognostic value in this group of patients. In our opinion, tumor penetration and lymph node involvement are at present the most reliable prognostic factors available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 6169-6171 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report magnetization measurements in the zero magnetostriction Co70.4Fe4.6Si15B10 amorphous alloy. The measurements were carried out from room temperature up to 430 °C and for applied magnetic fields up to 45 Oe. An irreversible behavior in the zero-field and field-cooled magnetization was observed. The irreversibility line was fitted to a de Almeida–Thouless line with a crossover critical exponent φ=4.66. The experimental results are analyzed in the framework of an extended random anisotropy model for amorphous ferromagnets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The T-cell repertoire is shaped by the positive and negative selection of immature CD4+ CD8+ double positive (DP) thymocytes. Positive selection of DP T cells to the CD4+ CD8− and CD4− CD8+ simple positive (SP) lineages is a multistep process which involves cellular interactions between thymocytes and stromal cells. Mutant nackt (nkt/nkt) mice have been shown to have a deficiency in the CD4+ CD8− T-cell subset both in the thymus and in the periphery. The present report suggests that nkt/nkt mice present alterations in early steps of positive selection because they show decreases in the percentages of CD69+ and CD5+ cells within the DP subset. Experiments involving bone marrow transfer and thymic chimeras demonstrate that the thymic epithelium of nkt/nkt mice is involved in the alterations registered during positive selection and dictates the ultimate fate of CD4+ SP cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
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    Liverpool : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Bulletin of Hispanic studies. 27:105 (1950:Jan./Mar.) 3 
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The burden, the coping strategies and the social network of a sample of 236 relatives of patients with schizophrenia, living in five European countries, were explored by well-validated assessment instruments. In all centres, relatives experienced higher levels of burden when they had poor coping resources and reduced social support. Relatives in Mediterranean centres, who reported lower levels of social support, were more resigned, and more often used spiritual help as a coping strategy. These data indicate that family burden and coping strategies can be influenced by cultural factors, and suggest that family interventions should have also a social focus, aiming to increase the family social network and to reduce stigma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Liverpool : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Bulletin of Hispanic studies. 27:105 (1950:Jan./Mar.) 3 
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key wordsMedicago truncatula ; Repetitive somatic embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Medicago truncatula ssp Narbonensis and four genotypes of M. truncatula Gaertn cv. Jemalong were tested for their somatic embryogenesis potential using a two-step protocol. In the first step, embryogenic callus was induced in folioles isolated from shoots grown in vitro and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and zeatin. In the second step, somatic embryos were allowed to develop from the induced callus in MS growth-regulator-free medium. Individual somatic embryos were then isolated and transferred again to growth regulator free medium where they formed secondary somatic embryos in repetitive cycles. Conversion of somatic embryos into plantlets was achieved by isolating late-torpedo-phase somatic embryos with distinct cotyledons and reculturing them onto MS growth regulator free medium. The system of repetitive somatic embryogenesis in M. truncatula described here represents a permanent source of embryogenic material that can be used for the genetic modification of this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 23 (1999), S. 488-501 
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary This paper reports on hybrid formulations being developed by the Structural Analysis Research Group of Instituto Superior Técnico. Three alternative sets of hybrid finite element formulations are presented. They are termed hybrid-mixed, hybrid and hybrid-Trefftz and differ essentially on the field conditions that the approximation functions are constrained to satisfy locally. Two models, namely the displacement and the stress models, are obtained for each formulation depending on whether the tractions or the boundary displacements are the field chosen to implement inter-element continuity. Because they are derived from a strict hybrid approach released from the conventional node conformity concepts, these formulations allow different fields to be independently approximated, within certain consistency criteria, and enhance the use of a wide range of approximation functions. For simplicity and objectivity, the description of the approach followed in the derivation of the alternative formulations and models is based on the elementary linear elastostatic problem of structural analysis. Their fundamental properties are identified and their patterns of convergence are analysed and compared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39 (1996), S. 2789-2802 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: finite elements ; three-dimensional elasticity ; equilibrium formulations ; hybrid finite elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper an approach to the formulation of equilibrium elements for the analysis of three-dimensional elasticity problems is presented.This formulation is an extension of the approach previously proposed for the analysis of two-dimensional elasticity problems. The general aspects of the formulation remain unchanged when applied to the new problem, but new points are considered, namely the way to perform volume integrations for general elements and the techniques used to obtain the self-equilibrated three-dimensional stress approximation functions.The numerical behaviour of such elements is presented and discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1997), S. 541-552 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: hybrid-equilibrium finite elements ; statically admissible stress fields ; spurious kinematic modes ; self-stressing modes ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper describes an unexpected type of convergence behaviour occurring for a single, variable degree, primitive-type equilibrium element. For this element the number of independent stress fields is less than the number of independent boundary displacement variables that do not correspond to rigid element modes of displacement. This leads to the conclusion that the element is hypostatic and that, in the absence of self-stressing modes, no convergence can occur. Such ‘conventional’ counting procedures do not, however, reveal the whole picture, and numerical determination of the rank of the coefficient matrix of the equilibrium equations shows that, in practice, self-stressing modes can and do exist in a model which would conventionally be described as hypostatic. The rank deficiency in the coefficient matrix is shown to be due to the fact that, upon transformation, independent stress fields do not necessarily lead to independent boundary tractions. Generalization to conventionally iso- and hyperstatic models demonstrates that, whenever the coefficient matrix is rank-deficient, spurious kinematic modes coexist with self-stressing modes. The problem which reveals the curious convergence characteristics for the primitive-type element is resolved using a macro-type element, and it is seen that, with the larger degree of hyperstaticity available to this element, strictly monotonic convergence characteristics are observed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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