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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscosities and partial molal volumes of some tetramethylcarboxamides at 25.deg. (1975)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 79 (1975), S. 2493-2496 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100590a010
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abstracts of lectures symposium disposition and delivery of peptide drugs (1988)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 10 (1988), S. 30-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conclusions A number of different processes clear peptides from the circulation. These will be described and illustrated using examples from a range of peptide hormones and analogues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01966433
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of a Statistical Model for the Formation of Poly [Acryloyl Hydroxyethyl Starch] Microspheres (1997)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 14 (1997), S. 475-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: Flory-Rehner model ; dynamic and equilibrium swelling ; molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc) ; degree of derivatization(DD) ; molar ratio (MR)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. To characterize the network structure of Poly (Acryloyl Hydroxyethyl Starch) (Ac-HES) microspheres and test the theoretical model and the hypothesis that the rate of swelling of microspheres is inversely related to the extent of crosslinking. Methods. Microspheres were prepared with varying degrees of derivatization (DD) and molar ratios (MR) and subjected to the characterization of matrix structure by dynamic and equilibrium swelling studies utilizing direct microscopic observation and the Flory-Rehner equation. The dependence of average molecular weight between crosslinking Mc, on DD and MR were compared to test the validity of the model. Results. Study of the dependence of Mc on the microspheres preparation parameters, DD and MR, showed that at constant MR, the Mc decreased with DD, while at constant DD, the Mc initially decreased with MR to a minimum, and then increased with MR, complying with the model prediction. Dynamic swelling of microspheres showed a monotonical increase to equilibrium size featured by two time variables, Tp and Teq, that were dependent on Mc; this permitted a conceptual view of the general structure of the Ac-HES microspheres. The Mc, which was more accurately determined by the weight method (as opposed to volume method), was independent of the size of microspheres although there was evidence of variation among particles within a batch. Conclusions. The results validated the model in describing the polymerization/crosslinking reaction of the Ac-HES microsphere system and suggested that Mc is the principal factor in controlling release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012199500072
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a Statistical Model for the Formation of Poly [Acryloyl Hydroxyethyl Starch] Microspheres (1997)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 14 (1997), S. 469-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: poly(Acryloyl Hydroxyethyl Starch) microspheres ; molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc) ; degree of derivatization (DD) ; molar ratio (MR) ; link probability generating function (LPGF)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. To develop a mathematical model for predicting the molecular weight between crosslinks, Mc, of poly[Acryloyl Hydroxyethyl Starch] (Ac-HES) microspheres system and to identify and evaluate the key microsphere preparation parameters which affect the Mc of the formed microsphere structure based on the developed model. Methods. Link probability generating functions (LPGFs) based on the classical branching theory were used to derive a model for the calculation of Mc for the Ac-HES system. Based on the developed model, simulation was made to study the effects of the microsphere preparation variables on Mc of the formed microspheres. The process variables were the degree of derivatization (DD) of the Ac-HES, the molar ratio (MR) of the Ac-HES to acrylamide monomer, the fractional conversion of the unsaturation (α), the initiator efficiency (f), the molar concentration of initiator (I), the fraction of intramolecular cyclization (c), and the total weight of the reactable monomer and polymer (s). Results. A model to describe the crosslinking reaction of Ac-HES system and predict Mc was developed. Simulation based on the model showed that Mc decreased as α increased and reached a limiting value before total conversion. At constant α, Mc initially decreased with MR to a minimum and then increased with MR; while Mc decreased monotonically with DD. I and c affected Mc only at very low α and changes in s and f had no effect on Mc. Conclusions. Simulation based on the model suggested that the most important microsphere preparation parameters influencing Mc of the Ac-HES system are the number of functional groups on the Ac-HES (DD) and the stoichiometry (MR) of the crosslinking reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012111116002
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro cellular responses to bioerodible particles loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 41 (1998), S. 104-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: bone morphogenetic protein ; osteoblasts ; microspheres ; poly(d,l lactide-co-glycolide) ; cellular responses ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Porous 50:50 poly(d,l lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres containing varying amounts of “free” recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) were evaluated for their ability to induce/enhance expression of osteoblastic characteristics by pluripotent mesenchymal cells in vitro. “Free” protein (Fp) is defined as protein present on the surface and within the porous matrix of the microspheres. Four preparations of bioerodible particles (BEP) were used: blank - without rhBMP-2; low Fp - 24 μg of free rhBMP-2 per g of particles; medium Fp - 403 μg/g; and high Fp - 884 μg/g. C3H10T1/2 cells (C3H) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMC) were cultured with 1 mg of BEP for up to 4 weeks, and cell growth and expression of osteogenic responses were determined weekly. For both cell types, control cultures (neither BEP nor rhBMP-2) and cultures with blank BEP exhibited no or minimal osteoblastic characteristics. Compared to control and blank BEP cultures, C3H cells responded to particles having medium and high amounts of free rhBMP-2 with increased cell growth and alkaline phosphatase activity, but osteocalcin secretion and mineralization were not markedly influenced. Low Fp BEP enhanced only the alkaline phosphatase activity of C3H cells. In contrast, although growth was not affected, rhBMP-2-loaded BEP increased alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin secretion, and mineralization in BMC cultures in a dose-dependent manner (i.e., blank 〈 low 〈 medium 〈 high Fp). © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 41, 104-110, 1998.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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