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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone marrow diagnosis in lymphoproliferative disorders: comparison of results obtained from conventional histomorphology and immunohistology (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 18 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In this study we have investigated 313 bone marrow biopsies from 280 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. Trephines were sectioned transversely to obtain one cylinder for cryostat sectioning and immunostaining and a second for histomorphological evaluation using a plastic-embedding technique. The results obtained by histomorphological and immunohistological evaluation were compared for their contribution to staging and classification.Using both techniques, bone marrow involvement was seen in 3/43 (7.0%) biopsies from patients with Hodgkin's disease and in 193/270 (71.5%) cases with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, including multiple myeloma and acute lymphocytic leukaemia. Immunohistology proved superior in detecting minimal mainly interstitial bone marrow infiltration in 15 leukaemia/lymphoma cases.Biopsies showing infiltration with both methods (n= 157) were re-examined for classification of lymphomatous infiltrates. Whereas immunohistology did not provide additional information in cases with Hodgkin's disease and myeloma, this method was crucial for establishing the definitive diagnosis in a number of cases with acute lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In all of six leukaemia cases, in which no or inadequate material was available for immunophenotyping of cell suspensions, immunohistology clearly defined the subtype. In the 140 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma the majority of cases (76.4%) were identically classified. In some cases, with important prognostic and therapeutic implications, immunohistology alone provided the definitive diagnosis: T-cell lymphoma (n= 2), hairy cell leukaemia (n= 2) and centrocytic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n= 3).Bone marrow immunohistology is, therefore, an important supplement for classical lymphoma/leukaemia diagnosis. The differences observed between histomorphology and immunohistology emphasize the importance of lymph node biopsy in lymphoma classification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1991.tb01475.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors and TNFα during immunotherapy with interleukin-2 and/or interferon α (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 38 (1994), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Soluble TNF receptors ; TNFα ; Immunotherapy ; IL-2 ; IFNα
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eleven metastatic cancer patients were studied during three different regimens of immunotherapy with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and/or interferon α (IFNα): group A received 4 days of IL-2 i.a. infusion (n=3), group B IFNα s.c. during 5 days (n=4), followed on day 3 by 5 days of a continuous IL-2 i.v. infusion, and group C had 4 days of IL-2 i.v. infusion together with s.c. IFNα on days 1 and 4 (n=4). Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFR) p55 and p75 and TNFα concentrations in serum were analyzed before therapy and daily during 8 days of the first therapy cycle. sTNFR was measured by radioimmunoassay. sTNFR p55 increased in all patient groups from a baseline value of 5.2±0.9 ng/ml to a maximum of 13.6±1.2 ng/ml by days 3–4 (P=0.003). sTNFR p75 increased from 7.6±1.1 ng/ml to peak values of 30.1±2.6 ng/ml in groups A and B (P=0.02). In group C the sTNFR p75 response was weak (NS). In group B, the increase of both p55 and p75 occurred only after addition of IL-2 to IFNα. TNFα increased weakly during treatment with IFNα alone (group B); it rose strongly during IL-2 and the combined treatment (groups A-C) from 8±2 pg/ml to 115±13 pg/ml (P=0.003). In group B, it reached the maximum 24 h after addition of IL-2 to IFNα and decreased thereafter. there was a significant relationship between TNFα and sTNFR p55 or sTNFR p75 in groups A and C, (P=0.001), but not in group B. Group C was also investigated during the third therapy cycle. The increase of sTNFR p75 was stronger (P=0.01) and that of TNFα weaker than in the first cycle; the sTNFR p55 response was similar in both cycles. In conclusion sTNFR p55 and p75 are rapidly induced during IL-2 and IL-2+IFNα treatment, the increase of sTNF receptors parallels or exceeds that of TNFα and may influence the immunomodulatory effects of TNFα during cytokine therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01526206
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between soluble tumor necrosisfactor (TNF) receptors and TNFα during immunotherapywith interleukin-2 and/or interferon α (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 38 (1994), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words: Soluble TNF receptors – TNFα– Immunotherapy – IL-2 – IFNα
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Eleven metastatic cancer patients were studied during three different regimens of immunotherapy with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and/or interferon α (IFNα): group A received 4 days of IL-2 i. a. infusion (n = 3), group B IFNα s.c. during 5 days (n = 4), followed on day 3 by 5 days of a continuous IL-2 i. v. infusion, and group C had 4 days of IL-2 i. v. infusion together with s. c. IFNα on days 1 and 4 (n = 4). Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFR) p55 and p75 and TNFα concentrations in serum were analyzed before therapy and daily during 8 days of the first therapy cycle. sTNFR was measured by radioimmunoassay. sTNFR p55 increased in all patient groups from a baseline value of 5.2±0.9 ng/ml to a maximum of 13.6±1.2 ng/ml by days 3 – 4 (P = 0.003). sTNFR p75 increased from 7.6±1.1 ng/ml to peak values of 30.1±2.6 ng/ml in groups A and B (P = 0.02). In group C the sTNFR p75 response was weak (NS). In group B, the increase of both p55 and p75 occurred only after addition of IL-2 to IFNα. TNFα increased weakly during treatment with IFNα alone (group B); it rose strongly during IL-2 and the combined treatment (groups A – C) from 8±2 pg/ml to 115±13 pg/ml (P = 0.003). In group  B,  it  reached  the  maximum  24 h  after  addition  of IL-2 to IFNα and decreased thereafter. There was a significant relationship between TNFα and sTNFR p55 or sTNFR p75 in groups A and C, (P = 0.001), but not in group B. Group C was also investigated during the third therapy cycle. The increase of sTNFR p75 was stronger (P = 0.01) and that of TNFα weaker than in the first cycle; the sTNFR p55 response was similar in both cycles. In conclusion sTNFR p55 and p75 are rapidly induced during IL-2 and IL-2+ IFNα treatment, the increase of sTNF receptors parallels or exceeds that of TNFα and may influence the immunomodulatory effects of TNFα during cytokine therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01526206
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Penicillin-induced immunhaemolytic anaemia (1977)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 35 (1977), S. 171-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Immunhämolyse ; Penicillinantikörper ; Monozytenfunktion ; Membranrezeptoren ; Immunhemolysis ; Antipenicillin-antibodies ; Function of monocytes ; Membrane-receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Under certain conditions human monocytes were able to bind and ingest red cell-antibody complexes in vitro. Using penicillincoated red cells and purified monocytes we investigated sera of patients with penicillin allergy. It was shown that sera containing IgG-antibodies against penicillin induced the binding of penicillin-coated red cells to isolated monocytes provided IgG-antibodies of high titer were present. Inhibition and absorption tests demonstrated the specificity of the reaction in terms of IgG-antibodies and the drug. Monocyte binding was also studied in respect to the cross reactivity of penicillin antibodies and cephalosporins. We concluded that antipenicillin-antibodies of the IgG-class were able to induce an immunphagocytosis in vitro, if the drug was present in the test system. The reaction was dependent on the amount of antibodies of the IgG-class.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bedingungen zur Bindung von Erythrozyten-Antikörper-Komplexen durch Zellen der Makrophagenreihe wurden an isolierten Monozyten definiert. Unter Verwendung penicillinbeladener Erythrozyten wurden Seren von Patienten mit Penicillinantikörpern in diesem Testsystem untersucht. Patientenseren, die Antikörper gegen dieses Medikament enthielten, lösten eine Bindung penicillinbeladener Erythrozyten an Monozyten aus, wenn es sich um höhertitrige Antikörper der IgG-Klasse handelte. Die Spezifltät der Reaktion wurde durch Hemm- und Absorptionsversuche gesichert. Kreuzreaktionen der Antikörper mit Cephalosporinen erscheinen unter den in-vitro-Bedingungen wahrscheinlich. Es wird geschlossen, daß bei Vorhandensein hochtitriger IgG-Antikörper gegen Penicillin in Gegenwart dieses Medikamentes und normaler Erythrozyten eine immunologisch bedingte Bindung der Erythrozyten an Monozyten in vitro häufig nachweisbar ist, die Abhängigkeit vom Antikörpertiter zeigt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00999457
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnostic and prognostic value of immunohistological bone marrow examination: Results in 212 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders (1987)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 54 (1987), S. 213-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Bone marrow ; Immunohistology ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Lymphoproliferative disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cryostat sections of 246 consecutive bone marrow biopsies from 212 patients with lymphoproliferative disease were investigated using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MOAb's) and an immunoperoxidase technique. Bone marrow involvement was demonstrated by immunohistological examination in 121/160 patients (76%) with non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and 16/23 patients (70%) with plasma cell malignancies; the definite immunological diagnosis could be performed in 77% and 88%, respectively. Reactivity with the MoAb Ki-67 correlated with clinical parameters: in all cases exhibiting more than 5% positive cells an unfavourable course was seen, independent of the histological subtype. Another MoAb of potential prognostic relevance is KiM4b, which reacts with follicular dendritic cells (FDC). Besides the presence of FDC in germinal center tumors (CB/CC and CC-NHL) we found FDC in a minority of cases with B-CLL (5/44) and IC lymphoma (4/18). In the latter group 3/4 patients showed a favourable clinical course (vs 2/14 without FDC). The MoAb Tü1 could discriminate between the lymphoplasmocytoid (11/12 positive) and the lymphoplasmocytic (0/6 positive) subtype of IC lymphoma and has proven of diagnostic importance. Expression of IL-2 receptors, detected by MoAb anti-Tac (CD25), was demonstrated on leukemic cells from patients with hairy cell leukemia (100%), B-CLL (82%), IC (61%), CC (50%) and CB/CC lymphoma (50%). A considerable number of reactive T-lymphocytes (5%–60% of tissue cells) were identified among the neoplastic B cells with a predominance of CD4+ cells in most cases with NHL, whereas the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was significantly lower in myelomas and non-infiltrated bone marrows. The potential meaning of these findings is discussed. The immunohistological bone marrow analysis represents an important additional method in the diagnostic procedures of lymphoproliferative diseases involving the bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00594196
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weight loss in patients with hematological neoplasias is associated with immune system stimulation (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cachexia ; Hematological neoplasia ; Cytokines ; Neopterin ; Tryptophan metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Weight loss is the main symptom of so-called tumor cachexia. The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying cachexia are poorly understood; however, it appears that enhanced formation of cytokines such as interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α are involved. In 94 patients suffering from hematological neoplasias we compared body weight changes with serum neopterin, tryptophan, and kynurenine. Biochemical changes, the formation of neopterin, the degradation of tryptophan are closely related to interferon-γ activity. The majority of our patients had increased neopterin and decreased tryptophan concentrations. Weight loss was seen particularly in patients with higher neopterin and lower tryptophan values. An association between higher neopterin levels and greater weight loss was apparent at study entry and during the follow-up of patients. Our data support the concept that weight loss is closely linked to endogenous interferon-γ activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210961
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Value of urinary neopterin in the differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral infections (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 68 (1990), S. 218-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Neopterin ; Bacterial infection ; Viral infection ; Pneumonia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neopterin is released by stimulated macrophages. In this study we analyzed the diagnostic potential of urinary neopterin concentrations in patients with bacterial and viral infection. All but one of 17 patients with viral infection had increased urinary neopterin concentrations. Patients with bacterial urinary tract infection also showed increased neopterin concentrations, whereas patients with bacterial pneumonia had significantly lower neopterin levels. In addition, patients with acute bacterial pneumonia had lower neopterin levels than patients with protracted infection. A significant inverse correlation between urinary neopterin and hemoglobin concentrations was found. Neopterin concentrations could serve as a helpful additional marker of infectious diseases. Combined with other clinical and laboratory parameters it is a useful parameter for distinguishing between viral and bacterial origins of infection, as was shown by multivariate stepwise linear discriminant analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01662720
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistologic study of the distribution and status of activation of head and neck tumor infiltrating leukocytes (1987)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 244 (1987), S. 127-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Head and neck tumors ; Leukocytes ; Interleukin 2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined tumor infiltrating leukocytes (TIL) in frozen sections of 28 biopsies from squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN). In so doing, we used monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) directed against various leukocyte antigens. As defined by HLe-1+ cells, leukocyte infiltration was present in all biopsies. The amount of HLe-1+ cells was more often greater in stage III than in stage IV lesions. Most of the TIL were identified as CD5+ T-lymphocytes. In contrast, CD19+ B-cells were sparse in most biopsies. CD14+ monocytes/ macrophages were found in only a few specimens. The relative proportion of CD4+ T-helper cells was higher than or at least equal to CD8+ suppressor/ cytotoxic cells in all samples tested. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor+ lymphocytes were evident in 13 of 22 biopsies stained for CD25 reactivity, and were more often observed in stage III than in stage IV tumors. All biopsies from recurrent tumors had no detectable IL-2 receptor+ cells. Our findings provide evidence for a positive correlation between a greater amount of TIL in earlier stages of SCCHN. The presence of IL-2+ lymphocytes suggests that SCCHN may be capable of activating resting lymphocytes for further IL-2¡nduced proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00458563
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