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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In 25 cardiac surgical patients, right ventricular ejection fraction was continuously measured with a new pulmonary artery catheter and transoesophageal echocardiography, scanning the ‘fractional area change’ in a standardised transatrial cross section area. Measurements were recorded at three predefined time points (pre-, intra-, and postoperatively). Both methods were compared using the Bland-Altman analysis. Comparing right ventricular ejection fraction values obtained from the pulmonary artery catheter with those assessed by transoesophageal echocardiography, bias was −3.7%, with a precision of 30.9%. Bias and precision significantly improved when the heart rate was less than 100 beats.min−1, pulmonary artery pressures were low and cardiac performance adequate. In conclusion, the new continuous pulmonary artery catheter system appears to be a valid and useful bedside monitoring device in the haemodynamic management of critically ill patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Neuroscience 18 (1995), S. 193-222 
    ISSN: 0147-006X
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 11 (1972), S. 668-670 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 14 (1975), S. 1313-1316 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 17 (1978), S. 82-86 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 12 (1973), S. 1793-1796 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 65 (1987), S. 582-592 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Visual area MT ; Receptive field size ; Receptive field scatter ; Magnification factor ; Point-image size ; Modular organization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The representation of the visual field in the middle temporal area (MT) was examined by recording from single neurons in anesthetized, immobilized macaques. Measurements of receptive field size, variability of receptive field position (scatter) and magnification factor were obtained within the representation of the central 25°. Over at least short distances (less than 3 mm), the visual field representation in MT is surprisingly orderly. Receptive field size increases as a linear function of eccentricity and is about ten times larger than in V1 at all eccentricities. Scatter in receptive field position at any point in the visual field representation is equal to about one-third of the receptive field size at that location, the same relationship that has been found in V1. Magnification factor in MT is only about onefifth that reported in V1 within the central 5° but appears to decline somewhat less steeply than in V1 with increasing eccentricity. Because the smaller magnification factor in MT relative to V1 is complemented by larger receptive field size and scatter, the point-image size (the diameter of the region of cortex activated by a single point in the visual field) is roughly comparable in the two areas. On the basis of these results, as well as on our previous finding that 180° of axis of stimulus motion in MT are represented in about the same amount of tissue as 180° of stimulus orientation in V1, we suggest that a stimulus at one point in the visual field activates at least as many functional “modules” in MT as in V1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Blindness ; Cortical blindness ; Macaque monkeys ; Visual electrophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chronic ‘blindness’ can be produced in monkeys by a large cortical removal that spares modality specific visual cortex (striate, prestriate, and inferior temporal cortex). To understand the reasons for the blindness we compared single unit activity recorded from striate cortex of these monkeys with the activity of units recorded from seeing animals. The results indicate that visual processing in the striate cortex of the blind monkeys, with the exception of changes attributable to a partial disruption of the geniculostriate pathway, is similar to that of the normal monkeys. The chronic blindness is therefore probably due not to dysfunction within striate cortex but rather to a disconnection from critical processing stages within the ablated territory. Feedback from this territory is apparently not necessary for information processing to occur in striate cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Echokardiographie ; Klappeninsuffizienz ; Bildverarbeitung ; Virtuelle RealitätEchocardiography ; Heart valve disease ; Image processing ; Virtual reality ; Key words ; Echokardiographie ; Klappeninsuffizienz ; Bildverarbeitung ; Virtuelle RealitätEchocardiography ; Heart valve disease ; Image processing ; Virtual reality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background: Echocardiography is a standard imaging technique for the assessment of heart valve disease. The good spatial and temporal resolution is the basis for different methods which provide information about the severity of such defects. Dynamic colour visualisation and volumetric measurements of regurgitant jets are a new evaluating tool for the assessment of heart valve insufficiencies. Methods: The regurgitant jet volume of 58 patients was evaluated on an external workstation after segmentation of the left atrium and compared to regurgitant volume; the correlation was good. This result is valid for central jets as well as for eccentric jets. Conclusions: Measurement of regurgitant jet volume is a method which considers the three-dimensional shape of the examined volume. Real-time visualisation techniques which support the interactive clipping of morphological structures provide dynamic visualisation of intracardiac flow during the heart cycle. Dynamic colour visualisation of jets together with myocardial structures allows the assignment of intracardiac flow to morphological structures.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Für die Bewertung von Klappendefekten ist die Echokardiographie ein bildgebendes Standardverfahren. Die gute räumliche und zeitliche Auflösung dient als Grundlage für eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Auswertungsverfahren, die die Beurteilung von Klappendefekten erlauben. Die dynamische Farbvisualisierung und die Volumetrie von Regurgitationsjets stellen eine neue Methode der Beurteilung von Klappeninsuffizienzen dar. Methode: Die Volumen der Regurgitationsjets von 58 Patienten wurden auf einer externen Workstation nach Segmentierung des linken Vorhofs vermessen und mit dem Regurgitationsvolumen verglichen. Ergebnisse: Die Volumen der Regurgitationsjets zeigen eine signifikante Korrelation mit den Regurgitationsvolumen, das mit gepulstem Doppler gewonnen wurde. Dieses Ergebnis gilt sowohl für zentrale als auch für exzentrische Jets. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Volumetrie von Regurgitationsjets ist ein Verfahren, das die dreidimensionale Form der zu untersuchenden Volumen besonders berücksichtigt. Die dynamische Farbvisualisierung der Jets im Kontext der Myokardstrukturen erlaubt eine Zuordnung von intrakardialen Flüssen zu den morphologischen Strukturen. Eine Echtzeitvisualisierung, die die Möglichkeit bietet, Teile des Myokards interaktiv aus der Rekonstruktion zu entfernen, erlaubt eine dynamische Darstellung des intrakardialen Flusses während eines Herzzyklus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Akute Endokarditis – Aortenklappenendokarditis – paravalvulärer Abszeß– Chirurgie ; Key words Acute endocarditis – endocarditis of the aortic valve – paravalvular abscess – surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The occurrence of paravalvular abscesses in the course of an acute endocarditis of the aortic valve indicates an advanced stadium of the disease. The infection has spread beyond the limits of the valve leaflets, and ongoing destruction of the paravalvular tissue is to be expected, if the endocarditis is continually treated by antibiotics alone. Surgery of acute endocarditis with paravalvular abscess, however, supposly carries an increased risk of early mortality and late morbidity. The following prospective study was carried out to determine whether a radical surgical approach together with aggressive postoperative antibiotic therapy could help to improve results. Between 1988 and 1995, 138 patients were operated during the acute phase of infective endocarditis; in 102 the aortic valve was involved. Among these, 44 had paravalvular abscesses at the time of surgery. The mean age of both groups was the same, but there was a higher rate of concomitant coronary artery disease, multiple valve involvement, advanced NYHA-class, and staphylococcal disease among the patients with abscesses. All interventions were carried out with cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest. The aortic valve was resected, abscesses were removed, and each part of potentially infected or necrotic tissue was resected as complete as possible, irrespective of the possibility to jeopardize the conduction system or to create large tissue defects. The aortic valve was replaced with a mechanical prosthesis in each case. The postoperative antibiotic regimen was specifically directed against the microorganisms isolated preoperatively; therapy was only modified, if signs of systemic infection did not disappear three days after surgery. The operative mortality was 10% among patients without an abscess and 11% in patients with a paravalvular abscess. Early recurrent endocarditis was recorded in two patients without and in only one patient with an abscess. Late recurrent endocarditis was noted in three patients; none of them had abscesses at the time of surgery. We conclude that the operative risk of acute endocarditis of the aortic valve with a paravalvular abscess does not have to be inevitably higher compared to cases without paravalvular involvement. To achieve these results, it is necessary to use a radical surgical approach and to adjust postoperative antibiotic therapy, if infectious signs do not disappear shortly after surgery.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Entstehen eines paravalvulären Abszesses im Verlauf einer akuten Endokarditis zeigt ein fortgeschrittenes Erkrankungssstadium an, in dem, unabhängig von sonstigen Befunden, eine chirurgische Intervention im floriden Stadium der Erkrankung erwogen werden sollte, da eine alleinige Antibiotikatherapie in den meisten Fällen nicht zur Ausheilung führt. Nach Angaben aus der Literatur ist jedoch das operative Risiko bei der Endokarditis mit Abszessen deutlich erhöht, ebenfalls häufiger sind postoperative Komplikationen wie Rezidivendokarditis und paravalvuläres Leck. In der folgenden prospektiven Studie wurde untersucht, ob sich die Prognose dieser Erkrankung durch radikales chirurgisches Vorgehen und eine aggressive postoperative Antibiotikatherapie verbessern läßt. In den Jahren 1988–1995 wurden insgesamt 138 Patienten im floriden Stadium einer akuten Endokarditis operiert, bei 102 Patienten war die Aortenklappe isoliert oder in Verbindung mit anderen Klappen beteiligt. 44 Patienten aus diesem Kollektiv hatten zum Zeitpunkt der Operation Abszesse im Bereich der Aortenwurzel oder im umliegenden Myokard. Das mittlere Alter von Patienten mit oder ohne Abszesse unterschied sich nicht, dagegen war der Anteil von begleitender koronarer Herzkrankheit, Mehrklappenbefall und von Patienten in den NYHA-Stadien IV und V (Patienten im kardiogenen Schock) in der Gruppe mit Abszessen höher. Alle Operationen wurden in kardioplegischem Herzstillstand durchgeführt; nach Resektion der Aortenklappe wurden alle potentiell infizierten Strukturen ohne Rücksicht auf entstehende Gewebsdefekte reseziert. Die postoperative antibiotische Therapie war zunächst gegen die vorher isolierten und im Antibiogramm untersuchten Erreger gerichtet; konnte jedoch keine Entfieberung erzielt werden, wurde sie unabhängig von der ermittelten Resistenzlage modifiziert. Die operative Mortalität (10% vs. 11% bei Patienten mit Abszessen) und Rate schwerwiegender postoperativer Komplikationen unterschieden sich in den beiden Gruppen nicht bedeutsam: Bei Patienten ohne Abszesse trat in zwei Fällen ein Frührezidiv auf, bei Patienten mit Abszessen in einem Fall. Späte Prothesenendokarditiden wurden lediglich bei drei der Patienten aus der Gruppe ohne Abszesse beobachtet. Die in diesem Kollektiv erzielten Ergebnisse zeigen, daß das Operationsrisiko der akuten Aortenklapenendokarditis mit paravalvulärem Absezß nicht zwangsläufig erhöht sein muß. Voraussetzung für dieses Resultat sind eine radikale chirurgische Resektion und eine entsprechend aggressive, postoperative Intensivtherapie.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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