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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Eosinophils play a central role in asthma, but the interplay of the effects of smoking, eosinophils and asthma remains unclear.Objective  The primary objective of our study was to investigate the extent to which smoking modifies the effect of asthma on circulating eosinophils, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts.Methods  Data were collected semiannually between 1987 and 1994 from HIV-negative participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Asthma was defined by a questionnaire at baseline as a self-report of diagnosed asthma. A total of 1420 blood samples from 197 asthmatics and 15 822 from 1997 non-asthmatics were collected.Results  Eosinophil levels were higher in asthmatics (28% of asthmatics had eosinophils 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:09547894:CEA1730:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉4% and 16% of non-asthmatics) regardless of smoking history, but smoking modified the association between eosinophils and asthma. Namely, the odds ratios for eosinophils being 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:09547894:CEA1730:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉4% in asthmatics to non-asthmatics decreased from 2.7 (95% CI: 2.0, 3.6) in never, to 2.1 (1.4, 3.1) in former, and to 1.5 (0.9, 2.3) in current smokers. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses coherently showed that smoking increased eosinophils in non-asthmatics, but the converse was true for asthmatics. In contrast, no differences in peripheral blood T cell counts between asthmatics and non-asthmatics were observed.Conclusion  Under the established link between increased eosinophils and asthma, these data indicate that smoking modified this relationship. This finding suggests that smoking plays a different immunological role in asthmatics and non-asthmatics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes (HLA in humans) regulate the immune response to foreign antigens. Molecular and serologic techniques were used to identify products of HLA class I, class II and transporter (TAP) genes (also part of the MHC) in homosexual seroconverters to human ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Hemagglutination inhibition tests ; Histocompatibility antigens ; Measles virus ; Multiple sclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Vor kurzem veröffentlichte Studien über die formale Verbindungs-Analyse lassen sehr stark vermuten, daß ein Anfälligkeitsgen für Multiple Sklerose (MSS) mit der HLA-Region des sechsten Chromosoms verbunden ist. Es war das Ziel der Analyse, zu untersuchen, ob das Auftreten dieses Gens irgendeine nachweisbare Verbindung mit dem Immunestatus in bezug auf Masern unter den Mitgliedern von Familien mit mehrfachen Fällen von MS hat. Die Familienmitglieder waren HLA-Typen, und die Anzahl der Antikörper für Masern wurde durch die Hämagglutination-Inhibition-Probe bestimmt. Da ein spezifischer, HLA-bestimmter Haplotype innerhalb jeder Familie als Kennzeichen für das MSS-Gen angenommen wird, wurden die Familienmitglieder als Träger [(+)-Kontrolle] oder Nichtträger [(−)-Kontrolle] des MSS-Gens durch das Auftreten dieses spezifischen Haplotypen bestimmt. Zwanzig Familien nahmen an der Analyse teil. Die Resultate zeigten, daß der Durchschnittstiter für Masern zwischen den (+)- und (−)-Kontrollen nicht unterschiedlich war, und daß die MS-Fälle wesentlich höhere Titer hatten als beide Kontrollgruppen zusammen.
    Notes: Summary Recently published studies of formal linkage analyses strongly suggest that a multiple sclerosis susceptibility (MSS) gene is linked to the HLA region of the sixth chromosome. The objective of this analysis was to investigate whether or not the gene has any demonstrable relationship to the immune status with regard to measles within members of multiple-case MS families. Family members were HLA-typed, and levels of antibodies to measles were determined using the hemagglutination inhibition assay. Since a specific, HLA-defined haplotype within each family is presumably a marker for the MSS gene, family members were characterized as either carrying [(+) controls] or not carrying [(−) controls] the MSS gene by the presence of this specific haplotype. Twenty families were entered into the analyses. Results revealed that the mean titer to measles was not different between (+) and (−) controls, and that MS cases had significantly higher titers than both control groups combined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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