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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A systematic review of five systemic treatments for severe psoriasis (1998)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 139 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02492.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The epidemiology of skin cancer (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 146 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Melanoma and non-melanoma (basal and squamous cell carcinoma) skin cancer (NMSC) are now the most common types of cancer in the white populations and the incidence of skin cancer has reached epidemic proportions. According to recent population-based studies from Australia the incidence rate is over 2% for basal cell carcinoma in males and 1% for squamous cell carcinoma, and there are over 50 new cases of melanoma per 100 000.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.146.s61.2.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cutaneous malignant melanoma, sun exposure, and sunscreen use: epidemiological evidence (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 146 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background Cutaneous malignant melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer and accounts for about three-quarters of all skin cancer deaths. Over the last few decades the incidence and mortality rates of melanoma have been increasing worldwide. The risk of melanoma is higher in individuals with both phenotypic susceptibility and a history of sun exposure. Therefore, recommended sun protection behaviours include wearing long-sleeved clothing, seeking shade, avoiding the sun when it is strongest, and using sunscreen lotion with a sun protection factor of 15 or higher. It has been reported, however, that the use of sunscreens does not protect against melanoma and seems to increase the duration of recreational sun exposure. Methods Published epidemiological studies examining sunscreen use and melanoma have been reviewed from an epidemiological point of view, taking into account potential biases. We have classified case–control studies into four categories: (1) inconclusive studies because of major bias in control population and/or the lack of multivariate analysis; (2) no association between sunscreen use and melanoma after controlling for confounders; (3) negative association (i.e. protective effect of sunscreen); and (4) positive association. Various other epidemiological studies were also analysed. Results These results are controversial. Two case–control studies show a protective effect of sunscreen use, while three studies showed a significant risk associated with sunscreen use. However, the discordant results, the low relative risks, the lack of dose–effect relationship and the numerous biases, especially the uncertainty that exposure (sunscreen use) preceded melanoma do not suggest a causative association between sunscreen use and melanoma. Several hypotheses could partly explain these contradictory results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.146.s61.9.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testing for irritation with a multifactorial approach: comparison of eight non-invasive measuring techniques on five different irritation types (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 145 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Non-invasive bioengineering methods are widely used in the assessment of irritant skin reactions. Objectives To assess the ability of eight non-invasive measurement techniques to distinguish changes in skin conditions over time, these changes being induced by five different irritants. Methods The following techniques were compared in a multivariate analysis: laser-Doppler perfusion imaging (LDI), laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), visual scoring (VS), colorimetric measurements (Chromameter CR 200 a* and L* scales), Mexameter Hb scale (Mexa Hb) and capacitance (Corneometer CM 820). Irritants tested were sodium lauryl sulphate 2% (SLS), tape stripping (TS), tretinoin 0·05% (TRET), ultraviolet (UV) exposure to 30 W m−2 UVB/95 W m−2 UVA, and dithranol 0·5% (DIT). Measurements were performed at baseline and after 24, 48 and 72 h. The study was conducted on the upper back of 11 healthy volunteers of both sexes aged 27–51 years. Results For DIT it was possible to discriminate over time with CR 200 a* and L*, VS, LDI, LDF and Mexa Hb. In SLS discrimination over time was seen with TEWL and LDF. Discrimination in TS was demonstrated for TEWL, VS, CR 200 a*, CM 820, LDF, LDI and Mexa Hb. In TRET discrimination ability was seen for LDI, LDF, Mexa Hb and VS. For UV it was possible to discriminate using VS, TEWL, LDF, LDI and Mexa Hb. Conclusions Different irritation patterns need different measurement modalities in order to give optimal discrimination over time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04431.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of anatomical location on barrier recovery, surface pH and stratum corneum hydration after acute barrier disruption (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 146 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background It is not known whether distinct anatomical locations will respond with different recovery rates following acute barrier challenges. Objectives To investigate whether barrier parameters differ at five body sites during recovery from acute disruption. Methods Acute barrier disruption was achieved by tape stripping and by acetone extraction of stratum corneum lipids. Transepidermal water loss (to assess barrier function), capacitance (for stratum corneum hydration) and skin surface pH were measured at each of five different body sites in 14 human volunteers. Individual measurements were obtained every 24 h for 96 h. Results Lipid-rich skin areas (e.g. the forehead) were the most vulnerable to barrier disruption by either method. While acetone treatment affected barrier function and decreased stratum corneum hydration, tape stripping similarly altered barrier function but increased capacitance values. Although the effect of barrier disruption on surface pH appeared to vary with location, no significant pattern of variation emerged. Independent of the method used for barrier disruption, the pH normalized within 96 h. Conclusions Skin at different body sites shows distinct patterns of barrier recovery that are likely to be related to structural and physiological differences. Therefore, ‘anatomically specific’ regimens appear possible and relevant for the treatment of cutaneous disorders. In addition, adequate statistical analyses are essential to detect real differences in barrier recovery parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04695.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Objective Severity Assessment of Atopic Dermatitis (OSAAD) score: validity, reliability and sensitivity in adult patients with atopic dermatitis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 153 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  The Objective Severity Assessment of Atopic Dermatitis (OSAAD) score is a recently developed scale for evaluation of severity of atopic dermatitis, constructed from the assessment of epidermal barrier function, and properties using noninvasive bioengineering methods and computer-assisted estimates of disease extent. The method has been validated for use in infants and children with atopic dermatitis and compared with a referent scoring system.Objectives  The aim of the present study was to test the validity, reliability and sensitivity of the OSAAD score as an objective tool for the assessment of the severity of atopic dermatitis in adult patients.Methods  Thirty-two adult patients with atopic dermatitis were included in the study. To assess the validity of the OSAAD score we tested it against the Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index of the European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis as a referent clinical severity scale, and the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-16 as a laboratory variable for monitoring the activity of atopic dermatitis. Responsiveness to change was assessed in a longitudinal study comparing OSAAD, SCORAD and serum levels of IL-16 before and after treatment. To test the reliability of the OSAAD score we studied the interobserver variability of the score recorded by three independent board-certified dermatologists in 16 patients and compared it with SCORAD.Results  We report a significant correlation between the OSAAD and the SCORAD index as an acknowledged referent severity scale. The OSAAD score correlated significantly with the serum levels of IL-16 in the acute stage of atopic dermatitis. In a longitudinal study, the OSAAD score decreased significantly, parallel with improvement of the skin findings and a significant decrease in the SCORAD score and IL-16 serum levels. We report improved interobserver variability for the OSAAD score compared with SCORAD.Conclusions  This is the first study validating the OSAAD score as a sensitive and reliable tool for the assessment of the severity of atopic dermatitis in adult patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06697.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systemic corticosteroids are important in the treatment of Fournier's gangrene: a case report (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 133 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fournier's gangrene represents an acute severe necrotizing inflammatory process affecting the scrotum and penis. It has an associated mortality of 30–50%. In most cases, aetiological factors can be identified, such as diabetes mellitus, chronic alcoholism and perianal, perirectal or periurethral infection. The disease is characterized by a polybacterial infection, and the classic treatment includes surgical removal of the necrotic tissue and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. We report a case of Fournier's gangrene, histologically characterized by a necrotizing vasculitis, in which surgical resection of the necrotic tissue and antibiotic treatment failed to halt progression of the disease, whereas complete remission was achieved by high-dose corticosteroid therapy. This suggests that Fournier's gangrene is related to some form of localized vasculitis, and represents a local Shwartzman phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02719.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disturbed extruding mechanism of lamellar bodies in dry non-eczematous skin of atopics (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 127 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A characteristic feature of non-eczematous atopic dry skin (DS) appears to be an impaired water permeability barrier (WPB) function. The WPB is constituted by intercellular lipid lamellae, located between the horny cells of the stratum corneum (SC), which are provided by exocytosis of lamellar bodies (LB). The aim of this study was to elucidate whether alterations in the dynamics of LB-extrusion could be responsible for this WPB disturbance. In an ultrastructural morphometric comparison the relative volume of LB in the two uppermost subcorneal layers in DS of atopics (n=9) and healthy skin of controls (n=7) was determined. The LBs were differentiated into extracytoplasmic LB. i.e. with the cell membrane already fused, and intracytoplasmic LB. i.e. entirely located within the cell. The total volume in the two cell layers of the stratum granulosum did not differ between atopics and controls. However, separate evaluation of the two LB-compartments revealed statistically significant differences between atopics and healthy controls. In the second uppermost cell layer of the stratum granulosum only 13% of the total LB volume of this layer had already fused with the cell membrane in the atopics as opposed to 42% in the controls. On the other hand more LB remained undelivered within the cells of the uppermost SG cell layer of the atopics (26% in atopics versus 8% in controls, P〈0.01). These findings suggest that a pathological extruding mechanism of LB in DS may be at least partly responsible for the recently detected biochemical alterations of epidermal lipids, and for the deficient WPB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00118.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occupational skin disease in the construction industry (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 149 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Construction workers have a substantial risk of developing irritant and/or allergic contact dermatitis. Unfortunately, however, there is little population-based epidemiological data relating to occupational skin diseases (OSD) in the European construction industry that allow assessment of preventive measures.Objectives  In this investigation, the yearly incidence rates and causes of OSD in the construction industry were analysed on the basis of our register in Northern Bavaria.Methods  From 1990 until 1999, all incidences of OSD in the construction industry were recorded prospectively. This enables the calculation of incidence rates of OSD in relation to the employed population in Northern Bavaria as recorded by the German Federal Employment Office.Results  In the construction industry, a total of 335 OSD were registered. These comprise 9·0% of all OSD in the register. We classified them into four relevant groups: (A) tile setters and terrazzo workers (incidence per 10 000 employees = 19·9); (B) painters (7·8); (C) construction and cement workers (5·2); and (D) wood processors (2·6). The overall incidence was 5·1 per 10 000 employees over 10 years, which is a little below average for the entire register (6·7). Of these, 43·6% were at least 40 years old. Allergic contact dermatitis (61·5%) occurred more often than irritant contact dermatitis (44·5%). Potassium dichromate caused roughly half of all cases of sensitization found to be occupationally relevant in the construction industry (152 cases) followed by epoxy resin (40) and cobalt chloride (32).Conclusions  The results indicate that potassium dichromate is still the most important allergen in the construction industry of Northern Bavaria; there has been no significant decline during the 1990s. This contrasts with the Scandinavian countries, where the prevalence of potassium dichromate sensitization declined following the reduction of chromium VI levels resulting from the addition of ferrous sulphate to cement. Within the construction industry, tile setters and terrazzo workers have a strikingly high incidence of OSD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2003.05748.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is atopy a protective or a risk factor for cancer? A review of epidemiological studies (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective:  There is an ongoing debate whether there is a link between a history of atopy and cancer risk. The purpose of this paper is to review the published epidemiological studies on the association between atopy and the risk of cancers.Methods:  Through an electronic search (January 1986–April 2004) with an additional review of cited references, we identified studies with quantitative data on the relation of atopy (irrespective of its definition or subtype) to cancer (different cancer sites).Results:  The protective effect of atopy in colorectal cancer has been observed consistently in the case–control studies, but not in cohort studies. A consistent inverse association between self-reported atopy and glioma risk has been shown, but there is absence of such an association for meningioma. In most studies, the risk of leukaemia, in particular childhood leukaemia, tends to be lower among people with a history of atopy. Studies, which looked at, the association between atopic diseases and risk of cancers of pancreatic, breast, lymphoma showed varying outcomes. Most studies on the atopy–pancreatic cancer relation suggested an inverse association. For lymphoma, most studies have shown no substantial association. Overall evidence indicates an increased risk of lung cancer among persons with a history of asthma.Conclusion:  Despite the mixed results, the emerging picture from most of the currently available epidemiological data indicate that atopic disease is associated with a reduced risk for cancer. Further research should focus on a more carefully defined ‘atopy’ status and manifestation of different atopic diseases, to advance our understanding of the role that allergies might play in the risk of developing cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00813.x
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