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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular localization of the hydrogenase in Desulfotomaculum orientis (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 36 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cell extracts of Desulfotomaculum orientis, grown with H2 plus sulfate as sole energy source, revealed hydrogenase activities between 0.3 and 2 μmol H2 per min and mg protein when methyl viologen was used as electron acceptor. With benzyl viologen, methylene blue, FAD or FMN, lower activities were found; NAD was not reduced. The hydrogenase activity was strongly inhibited by CuCl2; however, copper inhibition was not observed with whole cells, indicating that the hydrogenase is located intracellularly. After high-speed centrifugation of cell-free extracts, varying proportions, between 11 and 90%, of the hydrogenase were detected in the soluble fraction, the rest being associated with the membrane fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1986.tb01705.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aerobic respiration in sulfate-reducing bacteria (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 71 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cultures of Disulfovibrio desulfuricans strain CSN (incubated in a sulfide- and sulfate-free medium) reduced up to 5 mM O2 with H2 as electron donor. Aerobic respiration was not coupled with growth, but resulted in ATP formation. Washed cells incubated in H2-saturated phosphate buffer revealed respiration rates of up to 250 nmol O2 min−1 mg protein−1. The uncoupler carbonyl-cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) stimulated the respiration rate and abolished ATP formation. The terminal oxidase has not yet been identified. Respiration was microaerophilic, insensitive to cyanide and azide, but inhibited after heat treatment of the cells (80°C for 10 min). The ph optimum was at pH 6 with less than 50% activity at pH 4.5 and pH 9. Besides H2, organic eletron donors (formate, ethanol, lactate or pyruvate) and inorganic sulfur compounds (H2S, thiosulfate, sulfite) were used as electron donors for aerobic respiration. Sulfite and thiosulfate were oxidized completely to sulfate. The capability of aerobic respiration was also detected in Desulfovibrio vulgaris, D. sulfidismutans, Desulfobacterium autotrophim, Desulfobulbus propionicus, and Desulfococcus multivorans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb03809.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of H2, organic compounds and inorganic sulfur compounds coupled to reduction of O2 or nitrate by sulfate-reducing bacteria (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 158 (1992), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Sulfate reduction ; Acrobic respiration ; Nitrate ammonification ; Oxidation of sulfur compounds ; ATP formation ; Desulfobulbus propionicus ; Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract All of fourteen sulfate-reducing bacteria tested were able to carry out aerobic respiration with at least one of the following electron donors: H2, lactate, pyruvate, formate, acetate, butyrate, ethanol, sulfide, thiosulfate, sulfite. Generally, we did not obtain growth with O2 as electron acceptor. The bacteria were microaerophilic, since the respiration rates increased with decreasing O2 concentrations or ceased after repeated O2 additions. The amounts of O2 consumed indicated that the organic substrates were oxidized incompletely to acetate; only Desulfobacter postgatei oxidized acetate with O2 completely to CO2. Many of the strains oxidized sulfite (completely to sulfate) or sulfide (incompletely, except Desulfobulbus propionicus); thiosulfate was oxidized only by strains of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans; trithionate and tetrathionate were not oxidized by any of the strains. With Desulfovibrio desulfuricans CSN and Desulfobulbus propionicus the oxidation of inorganic sulfur compounds was characterized in detail. D. desulfuricans formed sulfate during oxidation of sulfite, thiosulfate or elemental sulfur prepared from polysulfide. D. propionicus oxidized sulfite and sulfide to sulfate, and elemental sulfur mainly to thiosulfate. A novel pathway that couples the sulfur and nitrogen cycles was detected: D. desulfuricans and (only with nitrite) D. propionicus were able to completely oxidize sulfide coupled to the reduction of nitrate or nitrite to ammonia. Cell-free extracts of both strains did not oxidize sulfide or thiosulfate, but formed ATP during oxidation of sulfite (37 nmol per 100 nmol sulfite). This, and the effects of AMP, pyrophosphate and molybdate on sulfite oxidation, suggested that sulfate is formed via the (reversed) sulfate activation pathway (involving APS reductase and ATP sulfurylase). Thiosulfate oxidation with O2 probably required a reductive first step, since it was obtained only with energized intact cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00245211
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfate activation in Desulfotomaculum (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 152 (1989), S. 296-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Desulfotomaculum ruminis ; D. acetoxidans ; D. nigrificans ; D. orientis ; Desulfovibrio vulgaris ; Sulfate activation ; ATP sulfurylase ; Pyrophosphatase ; Pyrophosphate:acetate kinase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Enzyme activities conceivably involved in the activation of sulfate were studied with Desulfotomaculum ruminis, D. acetoxidans, D. nigrificans, D. orientis, and Desulfovibrio vulgaris. Cell lysates of these species revealed activities of at least 8 nkat/mg protein (i.e., 480 nmol per min and mg protein) of ATP sulfurylase, acetate kinase, phosphotransacetylase and adenylate kinase. ADP sulfurylase was not detected. Pyrophosphatase activity was high (73 to 97 nkat/mg protein) in Desulfotomaculum orientis and Desulfovibrio vulgaris. In these strains pyrophosphatase was activated by addition of a reductant (dithionite). In Desulfotomaculum ruminis, D. acetoxidans, and D. nigrificans, only low pyrophosphatase activity (2.5 to 6.3 nkat/mg protein) was measured, which was not reductant-activated. Some hints indicated a membrane association of the pyrophosphatase in D. ruminis, and possibly also in D. acetoxidans and D. nigrificans. Activities of a pyrophosphate-dependent acetate kinase (PPi:acetate kinase), a PPi:AMP kinase or a polyphosphate:AMP kinase were not detected or negligible. The results are not in favour of the assumption that pyrophosphate formed by ATP sulfurylase during sulfate activation might be utilized to form acetyl phosphate in Desulfotomaculum species. Contrary results of other authors were shown to be artefacts caused by chemical hydrolysis of acetyl phosphate in the molybdate-sulfuric acid reagent used for phosphate determination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409666
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhabdochromatium marinum gen. nom. rev., sp. nov., a purple sulfur bacterium from a salt marsh microbial mat (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 164 (1995), S. 125-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Chromatiaceae ; Rhabdochromatium ; marinum ; Genetic relationships ; Bacteriochlorophyll a ; Lycopene ; Salt requirement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new purple sulfur bacterium was isolated in pure culture (strain 8315) from a laminated microbial mat at Great Sippewissett Salt Marsh, Cape Cod, Mass., USA. Single cells were large rods, 10–20 times longer than wide, and predominantly straight with slightly conical ends. Cells were motile by polarly inserted flagellar tufts. Intracellular photosynthetic membranes were of the vesicular-type. Photosynthetic pigments were bacteriochlorophyll a and the carotenoids lycopene, rhodovibrin, anhydrorhodovibrin, and rhodopin. The new bacterium was strictly anaerobic and obligately phototrophic. Hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, elemental sulfur, and thiosulfate were used as electron donors for photoautotrophic growth. In sulfide-reduced, bicarbonate-containing media, acetate, propionate, and pyruvate were photoassimilated. Growth factors were not required. Optimum growth rates were obtained at pH 7.3, 30°C, a salinity of 1.5–5.0% NaCl, and a light intensity of about 500 lx (tungsten lamp). The DNA base composition of strain 8315 was 60.4 mol% G+C. Comparison of 16S rDNA oligonucleotide catalogue data showed that the new bacterium must be considered a new genus of the Chromatiaceae. The name Rhabdochromatium is revived, and the new species Rhabdochromatium marinum sp. nov. is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050244
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complete assimilation of cysteine by a newly isolated non-sulfur purple bacterium resembling Rhodovulum sulfidophilum (Rhodobacter sulfidophilus) (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 165 (1996), S. 397-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Cysteine ; Phototrophic bacteria ; Anaerobic ; degradation ; Non-sulfur purple bacteria ; Rhodovulum ; (Rhodobacter) sulfidophilum ; Microbial mats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A rod-shaped, motile, phototrophic bacterium, strain SiCys, was enriched and isolated from a marine microbial mat, with cysteine as sole substrate. During phototrophic anaerobic growth with cysteine, sulfide was produced as an intermediate, which was subsequently oxidized to sulfate. The molar growth yield with cysteine was 103 g mol–1, in accordance with complete assimilation of electrons from the carbon and the sulfur moiety into cell material. Growth yields with alanine and serine were proportionally lower. Thiosulfate, sulfide, hydrogen, and several organic compounds were used as electron donors in the light, whereas cystine, sulfite, or elemental sulfur did not support phototrophic anaerobic growth. Aerobic growth in the dark was possible with fructose as substrate. Cultures of strain SiCys were yellowish-brown in color and contained bacteriochlorophyll a, spheroidene, spheroidenone, and OH-spheroidene as major photosynthetic pigments. Taking the morphology, photosynthetic pigments, aerobic growth in the dark, and utilization of sulfide for phototrophic growth into account, strain SiCys was assigned to the genus Rhodovulum (formerly Rhodobacter) and tentatively classified as a strain of R. sulfidophilum. In cell-free extracts in the presence of pyridoxal phosphate, cysteine was converted to pyruvate and sulfide, which is characteristic for cysteine desulfhydrase activity (l-cystathionine γ-lyase, EC 4.4.1.1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050343
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