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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhabdochromatium marinum gen. nom. rev., sp. nov., a purple sulfur bacterium from a salt marsh microbial mat (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 164 (1995), S. 125-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Chromatiaceae ; Rhabdochromatium ; marinum ; Genetic relationships ; Bacteriochlorophyll a ; Lycopene ; Salt requirement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new purple sulfur bacterium was isolated in pure culture (strain 8315) from a laminated microbial mat at Great Sippewissett Salt Marsh, Cape Cod, Mass., USA. Single cells were large rods, 10–20 times longer than wide, and predominantly straight with slightly conical ends. Cells were motile by polarly inserted flagellar tufts. Intracellular photosynthetic membranes were of the vesicular-type. Photosynthetic pigments were bacteriochlorophyll a and the carotenoids lycopene, rhodovibrin, anhydrorhodovibrin, and rhodopin. The new bacterium was strictly anaerobic and obligately phototrophic. Hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, elemental sulfur, and thiosulfate were used as electron donors for photoautotrophic growth. In sulfide-reduced, bicarbonate-containing media, acetate, propionate, and pyruvate were photoassimilated. Growth factors were not required. Optimum growth rates were obtained at pH 7.3, 30°C, a salinity of 1.5–5.0% NaCl, and a light intensity of about 500 lx (tungsten lamp). The DNA base composition of strain 8315 was 60.4 mol% G+C. Comparison of 16S rDNA oligonucleotide catalogue data showed that the new bacterium must be considered a new genus of the Chromatiaceae. The name Rhabdochromatium is revived, and the new species Rhabdochromatium marinum sp. nov. is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050244
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disproportionation of inorganic sulfur compounds by the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfocapsa thiozymogenes gen. nov., sp. nov. (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 166 (1996), S. 184-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Sulfur ; Thiosulfate ; Sulfite ; Disproportionation (thiosulfate ; sulfite) ; Sulfate ; reduction ; Ferric iron ; Desulfocapsa thiozymogenes ; Desulfobulbus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new strictly anaerobic, gram-negative bacterium was isolated from the sediment of a freshwater lake after enrichment with thiosulfate as the energy source. The strain, named Bra2 (DSM 7269), is able to grow by disproportionation of thiosulfate or sulfite to sulfate plus sulfide. Elemental sulfur is also disproportionated to sulfate and sulfide, but this only supports growth if free sulfide is chemically removed from the culture, e.g., by precipitation with amorphous ferric hydroxide. Growth is also possible by coupling the reduction of sulfate to sulfide with the oxidation of ethanol, propanol, or butanol to the corresponding fatty acid. The cells are rod-shaped, motile, and have genomic DNA with a mol% G+C content of 50.7. Cytochromes are present, but desulfoviridin is not. The new strain was shown to be related to, but distinct from members of the genus Desulfobulbus on the basis of physiological characteristics and by comparative sequence analysis of its 16S rDNA. Strain Bra2 is described as the type strain of a new taxon, Desulfocapsa thiozymogenes gen. nov., sp. nov.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050374
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thiorhodococcus minus, gen. nov., sp. nov., a new purple sulfur bacterium isolated from coastal lagoon sediments (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 168 (1997), S. 16-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Chromatiaceae ; Thiorhodococcus ; Thiocystis ; Thiocapsa ; Coastal lagoon ; Bacteriochlorophyll a ; Rhodopin ; Phylogenetic ; relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new marine phototrophic purple sulfur bacterium (strain CE2203) was isolated in pure culture from a man-made coastal lagoon located on the Atlantic coast (Arcachon Bay, France). Single cells were coccus-shaped, did not contain gas vesicles, and were highly motile. Intracellular photosynthetic membranes were of the vesicular type. Bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the normal spirilloxanthin series were present as photosynthetic pigments. Hydrogen sulfide, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur, and molecular hydrogen were used as electron donors during photolithotrophic growth under anoxic conditions, while carbon dioxide was utilized as carbon source. Acetate, propionate, lactate, glycolate, pyruvate, fumarate, succinate, fructose, sucrose, ethanol, and propanol were photoassimilated in the presence of hydrogen sulfide. During growth on sulfide, elemental sulfur globules were stored inside the cells. Chemotrophic growth under microoxic conditions in the dark was possible. The DNA base composition was 66.9 mol% G+C. Comparative sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene confirmed the membership of strain CE2203 in the family Chromatiaceae. Morphological characteristics of strain CE2203 indicated a close affiliation to the genera Thiocystis and Thiocapsa. However, the phylogenetic treeing revealed no closer relationship to Thiocystis spp. than to Thiocapsa roseopersicina or other known members of the Chromatiaceae. Consequently, strain CE2203 is proposed as the type strain of a new genus and species, Thiorhodococcus minus gen. nov., sp. nov.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050464
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ribotyping of 16S and 23S rRNA genes and organization of rrn operons in members of the bacterial genera Gemmata, Planctomyces, Thermotoga, Thermus, and Verrucomicrobium (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 155 (1991), S. 263-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Planctomyces limnophilus ; Gemmata obscuriglobus ; Thermus aquaticus ; Thermotoga maritima ; Verrucomicrobium spinosum ; rRNA gene organization ; Ribotyping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The number of organization of rrn genes of two members of the order Planctomycetales, Planctomyces limnophilus and Gemmata obscuriglobus, as well as three species from other bacterial phyla, namely Thermotoga maritima, Thermus aquaticus and Verrucomicrobium spinosum were examined by Southern blot hybridization analysis of restricted DNA with labeled 16S- and 23S rRNAs. Ribotyping analysis revealed that two species contain unlinked 16S- and 23S rRNA genes. Planctomyces limnophilus possessed two unlinked rrn genes which were separated from each other by at least 4.3 kb, and Thermus aquaticus had to unlinked 16S and 23S rRNA genes, separated from each other by at least 2.5 kb. Gemmata obscuriglobus exhibited five genes for which the organization could as yet not be determined because of the complex hybridization patterns. In the other two species, rrn genes clustered in operons. Thermotoga maritima had a single gene for each rRNA species which were separated by not more than 1.5 kb, while Verrucomicrobium spinosum had four copies of probably linked 16S and 23S rRNA genes with a maximal distance between 16S and 23S rRNA genes of 1.3 kb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252210
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Holophaga foetida gen. nov., sp. nov., a new, homoacetogenic bacterium degrading methoxylated aromatic compounds (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 162 (1994), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Holophaga foetida ; Sulfide-methylation ; Homoacetogenic bacterium ; Pelobacter ; Acetobacterium ; 16S rRNA analysis ; Phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A polyphasic approach was used in which genotypic and phenotypic properties of a gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a black anoxic freshwater mud sample were determined. Based on these results, the name Holophaga foetida gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. This microorganism produced dimethylsulfide and methanethiol during growth on trimethoxybenzoate or syringate. The only other compounds utilized were pyruvate and trihydroxybenzenes such as gallate, phloroglucinol, or pyrogallol. The aromatic compounds were degraded to acetate. Although comparison of the signature nucleotide pattern of the five established subclasses of Proteobacteria with the 16S rDNA sequence of Holophaga foetida revealed a relationship to members of the δ-subclass, the phylogenetic position within the radiation of this class is so deep and dependent upon the number and selection of reference sequences that its affiliation to the Proteobacteria must be considered tentative. The type strain is H. foetida strain TMBS4 (DSM 6591).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264378
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clostridium viride sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic bacterium using 5-aminovalerate as growth substrate, previously assigned to Clostridium aminovalericum (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 162 (1994), S. 387-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Clostridium viride sp. nov. ; Clostridium aminovalericum ; 5-Aminovalerate ; Sulphur reduction ; Anacrobic degradation ; 2,4-Pentadienoyl-CoA reductase ; 5-Hydroxyvaleryl-CoA dehydratase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Strain T2–7, a 5-aminovalerate-fermenting bacterium previously classified as Clostridium aminovalericum, was further characterized, both physiologically and phylogenetically. Comparative sequencing analysis of the almost complete 16S rDNA revealed that strain T2–7 forms a distinct lineage within a phylogenetically coherent cluster of gram-positive bacteria currently assigned to the genus Clostridium. Strain T2–7 grew with 5-aminovalerate, 5-hydroxyvalerate, 4-hydroxybutyrate, vinylacetate, and crotonate, and required yeast extract and l-cysteine for growth. Other substrates were not utilized. The fermentation products, depending on the growth substrate, were ammonia, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate. Sulphur was reduced by a mechanism not linked to energy conservation. Other acceptors were not utilized. Cells were gram-positive pointed-ended ovals, motile by means of two subpolar flagella, and possessed a gram-positive cell wall structure with an S-layer of hexagonally arranged subunits of 18.5 nm diameter. The DNA mol% G+C was 41.5. Strain T2–7 (DSM 6836) is proposed as the type strain of a new species, Clostridium viride sp. nov.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282102
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clostridium viride sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic bacterium using 5-aminovalerate as growth substrate, previously assigned to Clostridium aminovalericum (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 162 (1994), S. 387-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words     Clostridium viride sp. nov. ; Clostridium aminovalericum ; 5-Aminovalerate ; Sulphur reduction ; Anaerobic degradation ; 2 ; 4-Pentadienoyl-CoA reductase ; 5-Hydroxyvaleryl-CoA dehydratase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract      Strain T2–7, a 5-aminovalerate-fermenting bacterium previously classified as Clostridium aminovalericum, was further characterized, both physiologically and phylogenetically. Comparative sequencing analysis of the almost complete 16S rDNA revealed that strain T2–7 forms a distinct lineage within a phylogenetically coherent cluster of gram-positive bacteria currently assigned to the genus Clostridium. Strain T2–7 grew with 5-aminovalerate, 5-hydroxyvalerate, 4-hydroxybutyrate, vinylacetate, and crotonate, and required yeast extract and l-cysteine for growth. Other substrates were not utilized. The fermentation products, depending on the growth substrate, were ammonia, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate. Sulphur was reduced by a mechanism not linked to energy conservation. Other acceptors were not utilized. Cells were gram-positive pointed-ended ovals, motile by means of two subpolar flagella, and possessed a gram-positive cell wall structure with an S-layer of hexagonally arranged subunits of 18.5 nm diameter. The DNA mol% G+C was 41.5. Strain T2–7 (DSM 6836) is proposed as the type strain of a new species, Clostridium viride sp. nov.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050155
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Succinate decarboxylation by Propionigenium maris sp. nov., a new anaerobic bacterium from an estuarine sediment (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 164 (1995), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsPropionigenium maris sp. nov. ; Anaerobic degradation ; Succinate ; Propionate ; Decarboxylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Enrichments on succinate plus yeast extract under anoxic conditions from intertidal mud-flat sediments yielded cultures dominated by oval to round-ended rod-shaped cells. Strain 10succ1, obtained in pure culture, was characterized in detail. The non-motile cells possessed a gram-negative cell wall and did not form spores. Carbohydrates were fermented to formate, acetate, ethanol, and lactate. Succinate was decarboxylated to propionate. Other organic and amino acids were variously fermented to formate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Sulfur, sulfate, thiosulfate, and nitrate were not used as electron acceptors. Growth required the presence of yeast extract and at least 5 g/l NaCl, and was possible only in the absence of oxygen. No cytochromes were detected. The DNA base ratio was 40 mol% G+C. Phylogenetically, strain 10succ1 is closely related to Propionigenium modestum, as revealed by 16S rDNA analysis, but is physiologically distinct. Accordingly, strain 10succ1 (DSM 9537) is described as the type strain of a new species of the genus Propionigenium, P. maris sp. nov.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050232
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenotype variability of identical genotypes: the need for a combined approach in cyanobacterial taxonomy demonstrated on Merismopedia-like isolates (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 166 (1996), S. 224-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Cyanobacteria ; Merismopedia ; Synechococcus ; Synechocystis ; Eucapsis ; 16S rDNA ; sequencing ; SDS-PAGE ; Taxonomy ; Phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Five Merismopedia-like cyanobacterial strains were collected from microbial mats at Norderney Island, subcultured in the laboratory, and finally grown as unicyanobacterial cultures. As a sixth strain, Merismopedia glauca from the „Sammlung von Algenkulturen“ at Göttingen (SAG) was used for comparisons. According to morphological and physiological characteristics initially observed in the field and during initial subculturing, the five strains were assigned to the species Merismopedia glauca, Merismopedia punctata, or Merismopedia elegans. However, after prolonged maintenance under laboratory conditions, the formation of platelet-like colonies stopped, whereas cell sizes, production of extracellular polymeric substances, and division patterns were stably maintained. These physiological and morphological parameters allowed us to divide the six strains into two clusters. This division was further supported by the profiling of total cell protein and phycobilisomes using SDS-PAGE. The nearly complete 16S rDNA sequence of three of the six isolates was determined. The comparative sequencing analysis revealed an almost 100% identity of these three Merismopedia-like strains. The evolutionary distance dendrogram constructed placed this Merismopedia cluster into a common line of descent with Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6906. Based on the analysis of common stretches of 1,050 nucleotides, the overall similarity between the sequence types of „Merismopedia“ and „Synechocystis“ is 96–97%. The values of the different methods for taxonomic classification of unicyanobacterial strains, the relationship of the cyanobacterial genera Merismopedia, Synechococcus, Synechocystis, and Eucapsis sp., and the functional role of different Merismopedia morphologies within microbial mats are discussed. It is suggested that all analyzed Merismopedia strains be combined into one species, namely Merismopedia punctata Meyen (1839).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050378
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tetramethylammonium:coenzyme M methyltransferase system from Methanococcoides sp. (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 170 (1998), S. 220-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Methylamine metabolism ; Methyltransferases ; Corrinoid proteins ; Methanogenic ; archaea ; Methanosarcina ; Methanococcoides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A methanogen (strain NaT1) that belongs to the family of Methanosarcinaceae and that can grow on tetramethylammonium as the sole energy source has recently been isolated. We report here that cell extracts of the archaeon catalyze the formation of methyl-coenzyme M from coenzyme M and tetramethylammonium. The activity was dependent on the presence of Ti(III) citrate and ATP, and was rapidly lost under oxic conditions. Anoxic chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose revealed that two fractions, fractions 3 and 4, were required for activity. A 50-kDa protein that together with fraction 3 catalyzed methyl-coenzyme M formation from tetramethylammonium and coenzyme M was purified from fraction 4. From fraction 3, a 22-kDa corrinoid protein and a 40-kDa protein exhibiting methylcobalamin:coenzyme M methyltransferase (MT2) activity were purified. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of these purified proteins were determined. The 40-kDa protein showed sequence similarity to MT2 isoenzymes from Methanosarcina barkeri. Cell extract of strain NaT1 grown on trimethylamine rather than on tetramethylammonium did not exhibit tetramethylammonium:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity. The strain was identified as belonging to the genus of Methanococcoides, its closest relative being Methanococcoides methylutens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050636
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