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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lactate and pH in the Brain: Association and Dissociation in Different Pathophysiological States (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 48 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Brain tissue pH and lactate content were measured in rats under three different experimental conditions, namely: (1) during complete global cerebral ischemia; (2) after reversible near-complete cerebral ischemia; and (3) in experimental brain tumors. At the end of the experiments brains were frozen with liquid nitrogen. A series of 20-μm thick coronal sections was prepared in a cryostat and then used for the regional determination of tissue pH (umbelliferone technique) and tissue lactate (bioluminescent technique). In addition, tissue samples were taken for the quantitative measurement of brain lactate (enzymatic fluorometric technique). The relationship between lactate content and tissue pH was different for each of the three experimental models studied: only after short-term global cerebral ischemia did an increase in the lactate content correlate with a decrease in tissue pH (r= 0.94; p 〈 0.001). A highly significant increase in the lactate content (p 〈 0.001) was accompanied by physiological pH values (6.96 ± 0.08 in comparison to 6.97 ± 0.04 in controls) during recirculation after transient cerebral ischemia and in brain tumors even by an alkaline pH shift. In view of these observations the term “lactacidosis” should not be used without measuring both the lactate content and the pH. The observed dissociation between pH and lactate is due to the fact that both parameters are regulated independently. During anaerobiosis the main source of proton production is ATP hydrolysis rather than glycolysis. It is, therefore, suggested that the terms “acidosis” and “lactosis” should be used instead of “lactacidosis.”
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb13140.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyamine Changes in Reversible Cerebral Ischemia (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 49 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Putrescine, spermidine, and spermine levels were measured in the cortex, caudoputamen, and hippocampus of rats during 30 min of severe forebrain ischemia (induced by occlusion of both carotid and vertebral arteries) and subsequent recirculation. During ischemia, polyamine levels did not change significantly. During postischemic recirculation, however, putrescine levels dramatically increased whereas those of spermine and spermidine did not change, with the exception of the severely damaged caudoputamen, where the concentration declined after 24 h. The increase of putrescine is explained by postischemic activation of ornithine decarboxylase and inhibition of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. It is suggested that the accumulation of putrescine during postischemic recirculation may be responsible for the delayed neuronal death occurring after ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb03390.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of physostigmine on (Na++K+)-ATPase activity in different rat brain regions (1980)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 36 (1980), S. 1348-1350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activity of (Na++K+)-ATPase and acetylcholine esterase were folloed in rat brain cerebral cortex, caudate, thalamus, hippocampus and medulla after i.v. administration of physostigmine. Both enzymes were found to be inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. The most pronounced inhibition of (Na++K+)-ATPase was found in caudate. where the highest activity of acetylcholine esterase is found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01960090
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain capillary guanosine triphosphatase: A distinction from adenosine triphosphatase (1980)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 36 (1980), S. 40-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Differences in kinetic properties, pH response, sensitivity to ouabain, and disc-acrylamide electrophoresis resolution, are observed when GTP and ATP are used as the substrates, for triphosphohydrolases in isolated rat brain microvessels. In brain parenchyma there are no such differences. It is concluded that substrate-specific GTPase exists in brain microvessels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02003958
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium activity and post-ischemic suppression of protein synthesis (1995)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 51 (1995), S. 245-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Protein synthesis ; CA2+ activity ; ischemia ; hippocampus ; slice ; in vitro
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Increase in intracellular calcium concentration is a prominent feature of ischemia and has been considered a major factor in the initiation of ischemic pathology, which involves inhibition of protein synthesis. A reduction of calcium ion activity during and immediately after in vitro ischemia did not prevent inhibition of protein synthesis in hippocampae slices. When slices were overloaded with calcium by NMDA receptor activation or by the calcium ionophore A23187, no significant inhibition of protein synthesis was observed. We conclude that calcium overload plays only a limited role in ischemic inhibition of protein synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01931105
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional distribution of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in adult rat brain (1975)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 31 (1975), S. 1258-1260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The highest lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was found in thalamus, statistically significantly less in cerebral and cerebellar cortex and the lowest in pons. LDH1 and LDH4+5 represented 58% and 23% of the total activity in cerebral cortex, 54% and 20% in thalamus, 42% and 4% in cerebellar cortex and 55% and 7% in pons, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01945765
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoamines and related enzymes in cerebral cortex and basal ganglia following transient ischemia in gerbils (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 51 (1980), S. 71-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral post-ischemia ; Gerbil ; Cerebral cortex ; Basal ganglia ; Monoamines ; Monoamine oxidase ; Catechol-O-methyl transferase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The post-ischemic effects on cerebral cortex and basal ganglia monoamine levels and monoamine oxidase (MAO A and B) and catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) activities were evaluated in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) subjected to bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion for 15 min and reflow for 7 days. Disorders of monoamine metabolism was found in ischemic brain which persisted during the long-term post-ischemia. A rebound increase of norepinephrine and serotonin appeared in early stages (up to 1 h) of post-ischemia both in cerebral cortex and basal ganglia; a rebound increase of dopamine was found only in cerebral cortex. Thereafter, the serotonin level was enhanced over the control level during the whole post-ischemic period whereas the levels of catecholamines were reduced particularly in basal ganglia. With respect to monoamine content and activities of monoamine degraded enzymes an oscillatory behavior was observed in post-ischemia. Disorder of the monoamine metabolism found during post-ischemic period possibly contributes to neurological dysfunction after an ischemic insult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688852
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain microvessel hexokinase: Kinetic properties (1979)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 169-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Kinetic differences between brain capillary and parenchymal hexokinase in the presence of glucose, ATP, fructose, potassium, sodium and different pH were established. Parenchymal hexokinase is more susceptible to glucose inhibition, can tolerate greater variations in the ATP concentration, is inhibited by increasing concentrations of fructose and potassium, and showed greater activity on the lower pH values. The data suggest that in brain parenchyma and endothelial cells of brain microvessels, there are 2 different enzymes with regard to the kinetic properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01920592
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depression and parkinson's disease: possible role of serotonergic mechanisms (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 234 (1987), S. 94-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Parkinson's disease ; Depression ; Human cerebrospinal fluid ; 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Depression is frequently encountered in Parkinson's disease and was seen to occur in 14 of 26 patients studied. The levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the main metabolite of serotonin (5-HT), in CSF samples of the patients were significantly lower than in those of controls. However, within the group of patients the levels of 5-HIAA in CSF samples were significantly lower in the depressive subgroup compared with the non-depressive patients. Moreover, no correlation was recorded between motor disability and depression. The results indicate that disturbed 5-HT metabolism may possibly play a role in Parkinson's disease as a predisposing factor in the development of depression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314109
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal stability of transition phases in zirconia-doped alumina (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 589-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Alumina was prepared from an aqueous salt solution by homogeneous precipitation followed by calcination in air. Dependence of the thermal stability of transition phases on the presence of a zirconia dopant and on autoclave treatment prior to calcination was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis coupled with thermogravimetric analysis (DTA–TGA) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. Homogeneous precipitation produced an amorphous trihydrate precipitate; the autoclave treatment converted this to crystalline boehmite (monohydrate). The zirconia was soluble in the transition alumina but was insoluble in α-Al2O3 so that phase transformation to α-Al2O3 was accompanied by a phase separation to form an alumina-zirconia nanocomposite. The thermal stability of the transition phases was increased both by the dopant and by the autoclave treatment. A combination of both parameters yielded the most stable transition alumina, which withstood 1 h at 1200°C without transformation to α-Al2O3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018567230733
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