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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does previous infection protect against atopic eczema and recurrent wheeze ininfancy? (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Frequent infection in infancy and early childhood has been hypothesized to explain the low prevalence of asthma and other atopic disease among children in developing countries (the so-called ‘hygiene hypothesis’), but the low prevalence in Eastern Europe remains unexplained.Objective To test the hygiene hypothesis in the Republic of Belarus by examining the relationship between gastrointestinal (GI) and respiratory infection and two potentially atopic outcomes in the first 12 months of life: atopic eczema and recurrent wheeze.Methods We carried out two case–control studies nested within a large (n=17 046) randomized trial in Belarus, with cases defined as (1) first occurrence of atopic eczema (n=819) and (2) second episode of wheezing (n=112). Incidence density sampling was used to select four matched controls born within 1 month at the same hospital as the case. Exposure was defined as one or more episodes of GI or respiratory infection (examined separately) with onset 〉7 days before onset of the case's atopic outcome. Analyses controlled for family atopic history, duration of exclusive breastfeeding, sex, birth weight, maternal education, and (for recurrent wheeze) maternal smoking.Results For atopic eczema, prior GI infection occurred in 7.4% of cases vs. 6.0% of controls [adjusted OR=1.27 (0.94–1.72)] and prior respiratory infection in 35.2% vs. 32.6% [adjusted OR=1.14 (95% CI=0.94–1.37)]. For recurrent wheeze, prior GI infection occurred in 9.8% of cases vs. 7.4% of controls [adjusted OR=1.30 (0.60–2.82)].Conclusion Our results do not support the hypothesis that infection protects against atopic eczema or recurrent wheezing in the first 12 months of life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.1940.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison between a bid and a tid regimen: improved compliance with no improved antihypertensive effect (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 50 (1996), S. 63-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Nicardipine ; Hypertension; slow release formulation ; compliance ; multicentre study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objectives: To compare compliance with an antihypertensive treatment administered either twice daily or three times daily. The two formulations of the antihypertensive treatment used (nicardipine) “regular tablets” (t.d.) and “slow release tablets” (b.d.) are bioequivalent at the daily dosage used in the study. Study design: Open, controlled, parallel designed study with centralised, randomised allocation to the treatment groups: TID group: A nicardipine 20 mg tablet, three times daily for 3 months. BID group: A capsule of slow release (SR) nicardipine, 50 mg twice daily for 3 months. Patients: 7274 hypertensive patients were investigated by 2.651 general practitioners. Compliance with the nicardipine was assessed by means of standardised interviews with the patients and by a questionnaire for the investigators. Results: Compliance was slightly higher in the BID than in the TID group; 71.2% and 24.5% of patients in the first group declared their compliance was 100% and 80% compared to 82.3% and 15% in the second group. A statistically significant relationship was shown between compliance with nicardipine and the decrease in blood pressure after three months of therapy. However, no significant difference was noticed between the two groups of patients in the absolute decrease in blood pressure after the treatment period: 25.7/14.7 mm Hg in the TID group compared with 25.9/15.0 mm Hg in the BID group. Conclusions: A difference in compliance between the bioequivalent BID and TID formulations of the same active agent was shown in hypertensive patients. However, the difference was not large enough to lead to a difference either in the number of controlled patients or in the decrease in blood pressure. Reducing the number of daily doses does not automatically lead to greater efficacy of treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050070
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Daycare attendance and risk of first infectious disease (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 150 (1991), S. 214-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Daycare ; Common cold ; Wheezy bronchitis ; Otitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The health hazards of daycare attendance for the development of upper and lower respiratory tract infections have been well documented; however the importance and the mechanism of this association have not been well defined. In order to ascertain the risk associated with the beginning of daycare (DC) attendance we conducted a survey on 1263 children aged from 3 months to 3 years; the analysis focused on the risk of developing an initial episode of common cold with fever, a first otitis and a first wheezy bronchitis (WB) within the 2 month period following adminission to DC. For each 2 month period, the risk of a first infectious event was much higher in children who had just begun attending DC than in children who remained at home: the risk ratio varied from 1.7 to 2.4 for common cold, from 1.5 to 1.9 for otitis and from 1.8 to 3.2 for WB. Because age at onset of the first infectious event may be related to a higher risk of repeated events we consider that admission to DC under 12 months of age should be quesioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01963570
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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