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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 21 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: It is increasingly common for the electromagnetic borehole flowmeter (EBF) to he used to measure hydraulic conductivity (K) distributions in subsurface flow systems. Past applications involving the EBF have been made mostly in confined aquifers (Kabala 1994; Boman et al. 1997; Podgorney and Ritzi 1997; Ruud and Kabala 1997a, 1997b; Flach et al. 2000), and it has been common to set up a flow field around a test well using a small pump that is located near the top of the well screen (Mob, and Young 1993). In thin, unconfined aquifers that exhibit ground water tables near the ground surface and that undergo drawdown during pumping, such a configuration can be problematical because pumping and associated drawdown may effectively isolate the upper portion of the aquifer from the flowmeter. In these instances, a steady-state flow field in the vicinity of the test well may be created using injection rather than pumping, allowing for testing in the otherwise isolated upper portion of the aquifer located near the initial water table position. Using procedures developed by Molz and Young (1993), which were modified for an injection mode application, testing was conducted to determine whether or not the injection mode would provide useful information in a shallow, unconfined aquifer that required the collection of data near the initial water table position. Results indicated that the injection mode for the EBF was well suited for this objective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 11 (1987), S. 233-240 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'infection bactérienne à gram négatif et ses conséquences fréquentes: choc, défaillance multiviscérale, mort, représentent une des infections les plus graves susceptibles de survenir chez le malade chirurgical. La mortalité dans de nombreuses séries va de pair avec la présence et la sévérité du processus pathologique sous-jacent auquel est soumis le malade, avec l'infection polymicrobienne, le choc et l'absence d'une antibiothérapie précoce appropriée. Même les malades qui n'ont pas de maladie méconnue sont menacés d'une mortalité importante (10–20%). Le traitement de l'infection et du choc dûs à des germes gram négatif comporte plusieurs mesures: emploi d'agents anti-microbiens, monitorage hémodynamique, réanimation liquidienne importante, support nutritif. Leur emploi simultané a réduit mais n'a pas supprimé les conséquences de ce type d'infection. L'usage d'anticorps dirigé contre le noyau commun lipopolysaccharidique de l'antigène des micro-organismes à gram négatif représente chez ces malades un moyen susceptible de réduire la morbidité et la mortalité. Cette conception est soutenue par une vaste étude expérimentale et aussi par plusieurs études cliniques préliminaires. Il est nécessaire de déterminer comment l'efficacité clinique de cet anticorps peut être portée à son maximum. Ce dessein entraîne des études rigoureusement contrôlées au cours desquelles la posologie (temps et dose) utilisée peut être corrélée avec l'efficacité clinique. Si cette modalité thérapeutique par anticorps devait se montrer un agent adjuvant efficace, il serait possible d'identifier les malades à haut risque susceptibles de bénéficier de l'emploi prophylactique de l'anticorps.
    Abstract: Resumen La sepsis por bacterias Gram negativas con sus frecuentes secuelas de shock, falla orgánica multisistémica, y muerte representa una de las más severas formas de infección que puede ocurrir en el paciente quirúrgico. La letalidad en la mayoría de las series ha sido paralela a la presencia y gravedad de la enfermedad de base, a la bacteremia polimicrobiana, al shock, y a la falla en iniciar terapia antimicrobiana apropiada y precoz. Aún pacientes libres de enfermedad de base exhiben una mortalidad significativa (10–20%). La terapia de la sepsis bacteriana y del shock Gram negativos actualmente consiste en el uso de agentes antimicrobianos, monitoría hemodinámica, resucitación agresiva con líquidos parenterales, y soporte metabólico. El uso concertado de estas modalidades terapéuticas ha reducido, aunque no eliminado, las severas complicaciones que pueden presentarse. La administración del anticuerpo contra el núcleo común del antígeno liposacárido de los microorganismos Gram negativos a pacientes con sepsis Gram negativa representa un método que puede lograr una reducción adicional de la morbilidad y mortalidad, a juzgar por un volumen considerable de evidencia experimental, así como de varios estudios clínicos preliminares. Es necesario determinar la manera como la eficacia de tales preparaciones de anticuerpos puede ser optimizada. Esto implica la realización de rigurosos estudios controlados en los cuales el momento de administración del anticuerpo y las dosis utilizadas puedan ser correlacionadas con la eficacia clínica. En el caso de que tales preparaciones de anticuerpos continuen demostrando su eficacia como terapia adyuvante, séria tal vez posible identificar los grupos de pacientes de alto riesgo que puedan beneficiarse de la profilaxis con anticuerpos.
    Notes: Abstract Gram-negative bacterial sepsis with the frequent sequelae of shock, multi-system organ failure, and death represents one of the most severe infections that can occur in the surgical patient. Fatality in most series has paralleled the presence and severity of underlying host disease processes, polymicrobial bacteremia, shock, and lack of early appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Even patients with no underlying disease state have a significant mortality (10–20%). Therapy of gram-negative bacterial sepsis and shock at present consists of antimicrobial agents, hemodynamic monitoring, aggressive fluid resuscitation, and metabolic support. The use of these treatment modalities in concert has reduced, but not eliminated, the severe consequences that may ensue. Administration of antibody directed against the comon core lipopolysaccharide antigen of gramnegative microorganisms to patients with gram-negative sepsis represents a means by which the morbidity and mortality of this disease process may be further reduced. This is supported by a large body of experimental evidence, as well as several preliminary clinical studies. It is necessary to determine how the clinical efficacy of such antibody preparations can be maximized. This will entail rigorously controlled studies in which the timing of antibody administration and dose utilized can be correlated with clinical efficacy. Should such antibody preparations continue to prove efficacious as an additive form of therapy, it may be possible to identify high-risk groups of patients who would benefit from antibody prophylaxis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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