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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Refinement and structural analysis of bovine cytochrome b5 at 1.5 Å Resolution (1996)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 65-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The structure of bovine liver cytochrome b5, a soluble 93-residue proteolytic fragment of a 16 kDa membrane-bound hemoprotein, initially solved at 2.0 Å resolution, has been refined at 1.5 Å using data collected on a diffractometer. Refinement to 2.0 Å resolution used the Hendrickson-Konnert procedure PROLSQ and was then extended to 1.5 Å resolution using the program PROFFT. Only residues 3–87 could be identified in the model and these residues together with 93 water molecules gave an agreement factor of R = 0.161 for data in the resolution range 1.5–5 Å. The structure was finally refined using the program X-PLOR, which enabled alternate conformers to be modelled for several surface side chains. Residues 1 and 2 at the amino terminus of the protein and residue 88 near the carboxyl terminus could be identified from these electron-density maps. However the remaining disordered carboxy-terminal residues could not successfully be included in the model. A total of 117 solvent molecules were included in the final refinement to give R = 0.164 for the data between 1.5 and 10 Å.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444995007827
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray Structure of the Cupredoxin Amicyanin, from Paracoccus denitrificans, Refined at 1.31 Å Resolution (1996)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 676-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: High-resolution X-ray diffraction data to dmin = 1.31 Å were collected on a Xuong-Hamlin area detector from crystals of the blue-copper protein amicyanin, isolated from P. denitrificans. With coordinates from the earlier 2.0 Å structure determination as a starting point, simulated annealing and restrained positional and temperature factor refinements using the program X-PLOR resulted in a final R factor of 15.5%, based on 21 131 unique reflections in the range 8.0–1.3 Å. Comparison of the 1.31 Å structure with that at 2.0 Å shows the same basic features. However, the high-resolution electron-density maps clearly reveal additional solvent molecules and significant discrete disorder in protein side chains and within the solvent structure. As a consequence of modelling side-chain disorder, several new hydrogen-bonding interactions were identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444996001072
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Cytokinins in Sorghum bicolor Leaves (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 44 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: High performance liquid chromatography with octadecylsilica (Bondapak C18/Poracil B) column packing was used to purify and separate cytokinins in Sorghum leaf extracts. The column size was 56 × 0.21 cm i.d. By gradient elution, using acidified water with increasing amounts of methanol, the major peaks of cytokinin activity, as determined by the callus tissue bioassay. were effectively separated from large amounts of extraneous impurities. These cytokinins were further separated on a microoctadecylsilica column (μBondapak C18, 30 × 0.4 cm i.d.) with a gradient of acidified water-acetonitrile. Zeatin and zeatin riboside gave distinct ultra violet absorption peaks which could be used for quantitative estimation. Biological activity corresponded to the elution of these peaks. These two cytokinins are the major cytokinins in Sorghum leaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1978.tb08635.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of Gibberellin A4 by Vegetative Shoots of Douglas Fir at Three Stages of Ontogeny (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 35 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Vegetative shoots of coastal Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] seedlings rapidly metabolized 1,2[3H]-gibberllin A4 (GA4) to GA2, GA34 and 6 unknown acidie, ethyl acetate-soluble compounds. The kinetics of formation of each compound depended upon the stage of ontogeny, metabolism being most rapid during bud set and bud break and least rapid during elongation. Translocation of radioactivity was greatest at the bud set stage. By hour 72 large amounts (65%) of neutral, ehter-soluble compunds were formed at the stage of bud break and lesser, but significant amounts (40%) at bud set. Less than 15% of the radioactivity went into neutral ether during the elongation stage. Douglas fir appears to have an efficient system for con-version of the relatively non-polar GA34. This, coupled with the formation of neutral, ether-soluble and acidie, n-butanol-soluble substances, may regulate the effective level of biologically active exogenous and/or endogenous GAs in this conifer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1975.tb03906.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity of the aldehyde and alcohol of gibberellins A12 and A14, two derivatives of gibberellin A15 and four decomposition products of gibberellin A3 in 13 plant bioassays (1976)
    Springer
    Planta 130 (1976), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The biological activities of the aldehyde and alcohol of gibberellins (GAs) A12 and A14, 3α-OH-GA15, 3β-OH-GA15 wrong lactone (i.e. GA37 wrong lactone) and the four major decomposition products of GA3 (isogibberellic, allogibberic, epiallogibberic and Δ9(11)-dehydroallogibberic acids) were tested over a wide range of concentrations on 13 plant bioassays in order to ascertain certain of the structural requirements for biological activity. Generally modification of the basic GA-molecule decreased its activity in all assays except for derivatives of GA12 and GA14 (suggesting conversion of these derivatives to more polar, active GAs). Modification of the 3-OH from the usual 3β to 3α configuration markedly reduced activity. Neither the presence of an inverted lactone ring (i.e. 3β-OH-GA15 wrong lactone) nor changes to the lactone ring of GA3 (4→10) to form iso-GA3 (4→2) appreciably reduce activity. Further decomposition of GA3 to allogibberic and Δ9(11)-dehydroallogibberic acid reduced activity only slightly, but epimerization of allogibberic acid at C-9 essentially eliminated biological activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384407
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Red-light-enhanced conversion of tritiated gibberellin A9 into other gibberellin-like substances in homogenates of etiolated barley leaves (1972)
    Springer
    Planta 108 (1972), S. 67-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Irradiation of homogenates of etiolated barley leaves with red light resulted in an increase in the levels of gibberellin (GA)-like substances as compared to dark controls. When homogenates were fed with [3H]-GA9 there was as incorporation of the radioactivity into a number of other GA's: this process occurred to a greater extent in red light than in darkness, and could be inhibited by boiling the extract prior to addition of the [3H]-GA9.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386507
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of cytokinins in young wheat spikes (Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese spring) (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 7 (1988), S. 169-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Cytokinins in young wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese spring) spikes (2–15 mm) were isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography. High-performance liquid chromatography-radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry indicated that major cytokinins present weretrans-zeatin, ribosyl-trans-zeatin, ribosyldihydrozeatintrans-zeatin-9-glucoside, and the glucosides oftrans-zeatin, ribosyl-trans-zeatin, andtrans-zeatin-9-glucoside. Dihydrozeatin,iso-pentenyladenosine, andiso-pentenyladenine were also present but at lower concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02024680
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