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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Pressurized with Helium on Solute Solubility during Supercritical Fluid Extraction (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 67 (1995), S. 2288-2291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00109a058
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parasitic wasps orient to green leaf volatiles (1990)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 1 (1990), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Keywords: green leaf volatile ; semiochemical ; synomone ; volatile attractant ; tritrophic ; host location ; parasitoid behavior ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Microplitis ; Ichneumonidae ; Netelia ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Heliothis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Undamaged plants emit low levels of green leaf volatiles (GLVs), while caterpillar-damaged and artificially damaged plants emit relatively higher levels of certain GLVs. Female braconid parasitoids,Microplitis croceipes, oriented to both damaged plants and to individual GLVs in no-choice tests in a wind tunnel, but seldom oriented to undamaged plants. Female ichneumonid parasitoids,Netelia heroica, also oriented to individual GLVs in a wind tunnel. Males of both wasp species failed to orient to the GLVs. These data show that leaf-feeding caterpillars can cause the release of GLVs, and that parasitic wasps can respond to these odors by flying upwind (chemoanemotactic response), which brings the wasps to their caterpillar hosts. This supports the hypothesis that plants communicate with members of the third trophic level,i.e., plants under herbivore attack emit chemical signals that guide natural enemies of herbivores to sites of plant damage. In this interaction, the GLVs serve as tritrophic plant-to-parasitoid synomones. That parasitoids from two different wasp families oriented to GLVs suggests that the response may be widespread among the Hymenoptera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01325231
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggregation pheromone for the pepper weevil,Anthonomus eugenii cano (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Identification and field activity (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 1537-1555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Attractant ; alcohol ; aldehyde ; geranic acid ; monitoring ; aggregation pheromone ; Anthonomus eugenii ; pepper weevil ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This study describes the identification of an aggregation pheromone for the pepper weevil,Anthonomus eugenii and field trials of a synthetic pheromone blend. Volatile collections and gas chromatography revealed the presence of six male-specific compounds. These compounds were identified using chromatographic and spectral techniques as: (Z)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)ethanol, (E)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)ethanol, (Z)-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)acetaldehyde, (E)-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)acetaldehyde, (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienoic acid (geranic acid), and (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol (geraniol). The emission rates of these compounds from feeding males were determined to be about: 7.2, 4.8, 0.45, 0.30, 2.0, and 0.30µg/male/day, respectively. Sticky traps baited with a synthetic blend of these compounds captured more pepper weevils (both sexes) than did unbaited control traps or pheromone-baited boll weevil traps. Commercial and laboratory formulations of the synthetic pheromone were both attractive. However, the commercial formulation did not release geranic acid properly, and geranic acid is necessary for full activity. The pheromones of the pepper weevil and the boll weevil are compared. Improvements for increasing trap efficiency and possible uses for the pepper weevil pheromone are discussed. A convenient method for purifying geranic acid is also described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02059879
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progress in the isolation and characterization of a host hemolymph ovipositional kairomone for the endoparasitoid Microplitis croceipes (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 13 (1990), S. 255-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: hemolymph ; Heliothis zea ; artificial ovipositional substrate ; parasitoid ; egg collection ; viability ; HPLC ; solid-phase adsorbents ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to (1) define further the bioassay parameters of an ovipositional stimulating kairomone (OSK) for Microplitis croceipes found in the hemolymph of the corn earworm, Heliothis zea; (2) purify and isolate the OSK; and (3) determine the viability of the eggs oviposited into an artificial ovipositional substrate (AOS). Phenylthiourea (PTU), added to hemolymph to prevent melanization, and host feces which contains a host-seeking stimulant (Jones et al.: Sciences 173:842, 1971) [1], were eliminated as possible factors influencing egg laying in the bioassay. Extraction of hemolymph with ether, hexane, and to a lesser degree with methylene chloride removed lipids without loss of OSK activity. In contrast, extraction with polar solvents such as methanol tetrahydrofuran, and acetonitrile resulted in a loss of OSK activity. After ether extraction, the sample could be concentrated by rotoevaporation (90°C) or lyophilization without loss of OSK activity. Fractionation of the sample by gel permeation chromatography indicated a molecular weight of between 100-300 daltons. The OSK was extracted to a specific activity higher than crude hemolymph on two disposable solid-phase adsorbants, a normal-phase diol, and a reverse-phase phenyl material. Subsequent fractionation of hemolymph on a phenyl adsorbent column by HPLC indicated that the OSK contained at least two components. Ovipositional activity was obtained only when two fractions with different retention volumes were combined. Preparation of the AOS's from agar plus Goodwin's tissue culture medium maintained viability of the oviposited eggs. Thirty-seven percent of the eggs that were removed from the AOS's and held in culture media eventually hatched.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940130312
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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