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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity and repellency of some biorational insecticides toBemisia argentifolii on tomato plants (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 74 (1995), S. 137-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Insecta ; silverleaf whitefly ; sweetpotato whitefly ; surfactant ; pyrethroid ; mineral oil ; insecticidal soap ; Nicotiana gossei
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A mineral oil, an insecticidal soap, and a plant-derived surfactant were compared with a broad-spectrum pyrethroid for residual toxicity and repellency to silverleaf whitefly,Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Miller, cv. Lanai) under greenhouse and laboratory conditions. The materials tested were: Sunspray oil (a mineral oil), M-Pede (an insecticidal soap),Nicotiana gossei extract (a sucrose ester surfactant), Garlic Barrier (repellency only), and the pyrethroid bifenthrin (Brigade 10WP), with water as a control. For toxicity studies, whiteflies were confined on leaves which had been dipped in solutions of 0.5×, 1× and 2× field rate concentrations. Insecticide residues were compared when the leaves were wet and dry. Adult mortalities were greatest with bifenthrin and Sunspray oil, followed by M-Pede,N. gossei extract and water. Mortality from dry residue of lower rates of bifenthrin and sunspray oil was greater than mortality from wet residues, whereas M-Pede lost all activity upon drying. Dual and multiple choice tests for repellency were carried out in the greenhouse or laboratory by spraying plants or individual leaves to runoff with 1 × field concentrations. Bifenthrin and Sunspray oil repelledB. argentifolii adults for up to 7 and 5 days, respectively, followed by M-Pede and extract ofN. gossei, whereas Garlic Barrier was not significantly different from the water control in all tests. Numbers of whitefly eggs were significantly reduced on bifenthrin and Sunspray oil-treated leaves, whereas egg numbers in other treatments were not different from water. Sunspray oil as a dip proved to be at least as effective as the synthetic pyrethroid for whitefly control. A multiple-choice leaf-wheel proved to be a useful device to quickly evaluate repellent effects of several different insecticides to whitefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383005
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggregation pheromone for the pepper weevil,Anthonomus eugenii cano (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Identification and field activity (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 1537-1555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Attractant ; alcohol ; aldehyde ; geranic acid ; monitoring ; aggregation pheromone ; Anthonomus eugenii ; pepper weevil ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This study describes the identification of an aggregation pheromone for the pepper weevil,Anthonomus eugenii and field trials of a synthetic pheromone blend. Volatile collections and gas chromatography revealed the presence of six male-specific compounds. These compounds were identified using chromatographic and spectral techniques as: (Z)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)ethanol, (E)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)ethanol, (Z)-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)acetaldehyde, (E)-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)acetaldehyde, (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienoic acid (geranic acid), and (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol (geraniol). The emission rates of these compounds from feeding males were determined to be about: 7.2, 4.8, 0.45, 0.30, 2.0, and 0.30µg/male/day, respectively. Sticky traps baited with a synthetic blend of these compounds captured more pepper weevils (both sexes) than did unbaited control traps or pheromone-baited boll weevil traps. Commercial and laboratory formulations of the synthetic pheromone were both attractive. However, the commercial formulation did not release geranic acid properly, and geranic acid is necessary for full activity. The pheromones of the pepper weevil and the boll weevil are compared. Improvements for increasing trap efficiency and possible uses for the pepper weevil pheromone are discussed. A convenient method for purifying geranic acid is also described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02059879
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction and evaluation ofChilocorus bipustulatus [Col.: Coccinellidae] for control ofParlatoria blanchardi [Hom.: Diaspididae] in date groves of Niger (1984)
    Springer
    BioControl 29 (1984), S. 29-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Chilocorus bipustulatus L. a été établi avec succés dans les oasis des montagnes de l'Aïr, au nord du Niger, où il est devenu la cause principale de mortalité des adultes femelles de la cochenille,Parlatoria blanchardi Targoni-Tozzetti. Il en résulta un taux d'infestation des dattiers expérimentaux significativement plus bas par rapport au témoin sans coccinelles introduites. Apte à la reproduction toute l'année, la coccinelle se limitait aux touffes denses de dattiers qui constituaient des abris naturels pendant la saison sèche. Elle se dispersait et se multipliait surtout durant la saison pluvieuse, vers la fin de laquelle, on assistait à la plus grande réduction de la population de cochenille.
    Notes: Abstract Chilocorus bipustulatus L. was successfully established in oases of the Aïr Mountain region of Northern Niger (West Africa), where it became the major cause of mortality among adult females of the armored scaleParlatoria blanchardi Targioni-Tozzetti. This resulted in significantly lower scale infestation of date palms in a test plot when compared to a control with no introduced ladybeetles. The coccinellids were able to reproduce year-round, but during the hot season were largely confined to natural refuges composed of dense stands of date palms. Dispersal and multiplication occurred primarily during the rainy season, toward the end of which the greatest suppression of scale populations was seen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372206
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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