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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tree pollen allergy (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 42 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 872 adult hay fever patients were investigated with skin tests, using 20 different tree pollen allergens, and Phadebas RAST®, using eight different tree pollen allergens. Correlation between test results with the different allergens were studied employing the Spearman's correlation coefficient (Rho). Most combinations showed statistically significant correlations. The highest values of Rho (0.8–0.9) were found for pollen from combinations of trees belonging to the families Betulaceae, Corylaceae and Fagaceae (birch, alder, hazel, beech and oak). High values were also found between pollens from aspen and sallow (belonging to Salicaceae). With several of the trees a high degree of pollen cross sensitization was found, even with trees from a different plant family. Since most of the patients were allergic to birch pollen, some of the reactions to other pollens could be due to allergens shared by birch. To exclude this possibility, a separate analysis was performed for patients having no birch pollen allergy. Even in these patients evidence of cross sensitization was found. It is concluded that cross reactions are common among tree pollens and are most pronounced within botanical families.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02201.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunological specificity of chloramine-T-induced IgE antibodies in serum from a sensitized worker (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 19 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A procedure for the preparation of chloramine-T (CT) conjugates used to assay IgE antibodies was developed using response surface methodology and serum from a subject occupationally exposed to the substance. The conjugates, synthesized by reacting CT with human serum albumin (HSA) and other protein carriers, were used as antigens in a radio-allergosorbent test (RAST). Human serum albumin was found to be a suitable carrier, although other protein carriers also gave specific IgE-binding of a similar extent. The CT-HSA conjugates used in the RAST were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography, electrophoresis, immunodiffusion and ammonium sulphate precipitation. However, no strong correlation was seen between the ability of the conjugates to bind IgE and their physical or immuno-chemical properties. The hapten and carrier specificity of CT-induced IgE antibodies in the subject's serum were studied by direct RAST and RAST inhibition. No existence of new antigenic determinants related to the carrier could be demonstrated. Although HSA as a carrier was altered immunochemically by CT, the IgE antibodies were found to be specific to hapten only. Chloramine-T-specific IgG antibodies could not be demonstrated in the subject's serum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02415.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological equilibration of allergen preparations: methodological aspects and reproducibility (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 17 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A method for biological equilibration (BE) of allergen reference preparations using the skin-prick test (SPT) method and histamine HCl 10 mg/ml as reference substance (reference method), was evaluated. The precision was low for weals less than 10 mm2. The slope (log weal area/log concentration) of allergen and histamine did not vary significantly between investigators and allergens. The median slopes were 0.39 (n= 384) and 0.34 (n= 397), for allergen and histamine, respectively (P 〈 0.01). The concentration of allergen eliciting a weal of the same size as that of histamine HCl 1 mg/ml (Chl) in the median sensitive patient, 1000 Biological Units/ml (BU/ml), did not vary significantly between clinics/geographical regions (grasses, mites and moulds). As BE is repeatable between regions. BUs estimated by this method are generally valid. A high correlation (r= 0.91, P 〈 0.001) was found between the median Chl as estimated with histamine 1 and 10 mg/ml as reference substance, respectively. Thus, this reference method for BE is valid. The precision of the SPT method with histamine HCl 1 mg/ml is not as good as with 10 mg/ml, which is therefore recommended as the reference concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1987.tb02050.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allergy screening with Phadiatop® and CAP Phadiatop® in combination with a questionnaire in adults with asthma and rhinitis (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 45 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The efficiency of the new screening tests for atopy, Phadiatop® and CAP Phadiatop®, was studied by comparing their results with a clinical diagnosis of atopy in 100 consecutive adults with asthma and/or rhinitis. Further, the diagnostic efficiency of a combination of Phadiatop and a few standardized questions was studied. The Phadiatop was found to have a specificity of 0.98, and a sensitivity of 0.92 and the CAP Phadiatop a specificity of 0.94 and a sensitivity of 0.96. When the Phadiatop was combined with a few questions, a sensitivity of 1.00 was achieved. It is concluded that Phadiatop and CAP Phadiatop have a higher diagnostic precision than other hitherto used methods for screening of atopic allergy. The place of Phadiatop in a diagnostic flow chart is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb00497.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection of patients for biological standardization as exemplified by standardization of mugwort, goosefoot and English plantain pollen allergen extracts/preparations (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 42 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The biological activity of a partly purified, biochemically/immunochemically characterized mugwort pollen allergen preparation and crude pollen extracts of mugwort, goose-foot and English plantain was determined by means of skin prick test (SPT). The patient inclusion criteria with mugwort were a well-defined positive clinical history and a positive SPT. Symptoms related to goosefoot/English plantain pollens are difficult to define, as these weeds flower during the grass pollen season. Thus patients tested with these allergens did not fulfill the most important inclusion criterion for so-called biological standarization. To elicit a wheal of the same size as that produced by histamine 1 mg/ml required 100 to 10,000 times more material from these weeds, than from mugwort and other pollen allergen extracts investigated earlier. One thousand Biological Units/ml (BU/ml) corresponded to 8.3 μg dry weight (dw/ml) of the crude and 1.8 μg dw/ml of the purified mugwort pollen allergen preparation. Only 7/22 goosefoot-and English plantain-tested patients were positive at conjunctival or nasal challenge. All three weeds showed a similar composition with 5–10 allergens by CIE/CRIE analysis and 10–13 by immunoblotting analysis. One dominating allergen (approx. 15,000 d), could be identified for each weed species by protein gel blot after separation by SDS g-PAGE. There was no other explanation for the difference in biological activity than the criteria of selection. If there is no obvious clinical history, which is the main patient inclusion criterion in biological standardization, then additional criteria should be used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb00370.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Results of biological standardization with standardized allergen preparations (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 42 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of biological standardization (BS) is to equilibrate the activity (potency) of allergen extracts from different source materials. This was done by performing skin prick tests (SPT) on patients who were sensitive to one of the following 10 allergens: Birch, alder, hazel, timothy, rye grass, velvet grass, cultivated rye, mugwort, D. farinae and Cladosporium herbarum. Patient sensitivity varied within a range of diree to four powers of ten for each allergen investigated. The weal size in each patient corresponding to that elicited by histamine 1 mg/ml was calculated using the model log (mean weal diameter) = a + b log (concentration). The correlation coefficients of the regression lines of die allergen dose response relationship were found to be 〉 0.85 in most cases. The median slope for all extracts was 0.24. The slope for Cladosporium was significantly steeper than that for pollens. The amount of material in ng dry weight (d.w./ml) equal to 1000 biological units/ml (BU/ml) varied within a factor of three between species for all tested purified allergen preparations but Cladosporium. For Cladosporium, about 30 times more material was needed than for D. farinae. When using crude radier than purified material, it was necessary to use five to ten times more to elicit a reaction corresponding to 1000 BU/ml, but the difference was significant only for Cladosporium. The narrow range of allergen concentrations used by us as well as other investigators does not assure positive skin prick test results in all patients with clinical symptoms due to the allergen in question. Skin prick testing should therefore be done over a wide range of concentrations to improve the methods for BS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02368.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allergy screening in asthma and allergic rhinitis (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 42 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To detect atopy by a screening method employing skin prick testing with a limited number of allergens, the test results of 939 patients with allergic airways diseases were analysed. It was found that an allergen panel consisting of cat, timothy and house dust mite could detect 85% of atopic patients with asthma and/or rhinitis. For subgroups of patients the results were even more favourable. Thus 98% of atopic patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were detected by an allergen panel consisting of timothy, birch and mugwort. It is concluded that screening methods using only three of four allergens could be used for detecting atopy in patients with airways diseases. The method should be most valuable for in vitro tests used in combination with standardized questionnaires.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02199.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A prospective study of cancer incidence in a cohort examined for allergy (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In order to assess the association between atopy and cancer risk, a cohort of 6593 skin-prick-tested patients was established. Among atopic subjects, no overall increased cancer risk was found, but the incidence of both breast cancer (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) 2.50, 95% CI 1.01–5.16) and malignant lymphomas (SIR 4.40, 95% CI 1.20–11.3) was significantly enhanced. Atopic subjects with asthma showed a decreased overall cancer risk (SIR 0.73, 95%, CI 0.27–1.60), as compared with the other asthmatic subjects (SIR 1.46, 95% CI 1.03–2.04). The cancer risk for subjects with rhinitis was near unity (SIR 1.11), irrespective of whether the subjects were atopic or not. An almost significant risk increase for cancer was observed among subjects with urticaria (SIR 1.70, 95% CI 0.99–2.80). Our results support neither the original hypothesis of an overall cancer protective effect of atopy, nor that of an opposite effect; rather, they strengthen the view that the association between atopic diseases and cancer is complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb01212.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flowers and other trigger factors in asthma and rhinitis - an inquiry study (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 42 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Six hundred and eighty adult patients with asthma and/or rhinitis were questioned about symptoms elicited by 46 different flowers and 10 common non-specific environmental trigger factors listed in a questionnaire. Flowers or birch twigs were reported to elicit symptoms in 79% of the patients, somewhat more often in rhinitis than in asthma patients, and caused symptoms as often in non-atopics as in atopics. Birch twig and marguerite most frequently induced symptoms, followed by strongly smelling flowers such as hyacinth, lilac, and lily of the valley. Un specific irritants caused symptoms in 98% of the asthmatics and in 67% of patients with rhinitis. Tobacco smoke and perfumes were the most important troublemakers. A significant positive correlation was found for elicitation of symptoms from flowers and from certain non-specific irritants. It is concluded that non-specific hyperreactivity as well as reaginic hypersensitivity are the mechanisms involved when birch twigs and flowers elicit symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02224.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Inhalation Technique for Freon Aerosols (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 35 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a double-blind, cross-over, 2-day study 32 adult asthmatic patients compared the bronchodilating effect of 0.5 mg terbutaline sulphate aerosol, administered via a 10 cm tube extension attached to the actuator of a pressurized aerosol, with that of 0.2 mg salbutamol sulphate, administered by a conventional pressurized aerosol. New instructions for the inhalation technique were given for the terbutaline aerosol, dividing the actuation of the aerosol and the slow inhalation into two steps. The salbutamol aerosol was to be taken according to the instructions enclosed, i.e. coordinating the actuation of the aerosol and the inhalation.The improvement in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)values was similar for the two treatments. Subjective assessments by the patients showed no differences between the two regimens.As the effect seems to be equal, an aerosol actuator furnished with a tube extension, with no strict demands of synchronizing the actuation of the aerosol and the inhalation, could be a suitable alternative treatment in patients who find self-administration with conventional asthma aerosols difficult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1980.tb01813.x
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