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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Routine use of counterimmunoelectrophoresis for the detection of pneumococcal antigen in sputum (1986)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 175 (1986), S. 241-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sputum samples obtained routinely for culture from patients at a thoracic department were also examined for pneumococcal antigen by means of counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE), using a polyvalent antipneumococcal type serum (omniserum). Pneumococci were found in 1.3% of the 880 cultures, whereas pneumococcal antigen was detected with CIE in 6.5%. The validity of these findings was tested by correlating them with the presence of clinical symptoms in those with positive tests and also by antigen detection in ELISA using monoclonal antibodies specific for the C-polysaccharide common to all types of pneumococci. Clinical findings corresponding to confirmed or probable current chest infection were found in 36 of the 48 patients with positive CIE. ELISA was positive in 33 of the 38 patients with positive CIE who were tested. Although the study deals with an unselected material of chest patients, it indicates that CIE is a sensitive method and that it is independent of current antibiotic treatment. Pneumococcal infection is probably of importance in exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease, but the clinical usefulness of detecting pneumococcal and other antigens in this patient group needs to be studied further.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02123732
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological equilibration of allergen preparations: methodological aspects and reproducibility (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 17 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A method for biological equilibration (BE) of allergen reference preparations using the skin-prick test (SPT) method and histamine HCl 10 mg/ml as reference substance (reference method), was evaluated. The precision was low for weals less than 10 mm2. The slope (log weal area/log concentration) of allergen and histamine did not vary significantly between investigators and allergens. The median slopes were 0.39 (n= 384) and 0.34 (n= 397), for allergen and histamine, respectively (P 〈 0.01). The concentration of allergen eliciting a weal of the same size as that of histamine HCl 1 mg/ml (Chl) in the median sensitive patient, 1000 Biological Units/ml (BU/ml), did not vary significantly between clinics/geographical regions (grasses, mites and moulds). As BE is repeatable between regions. BUs estimated by this method are generally valid. A high correlation (r= 0.91, P 〈 0.001) was found between the median Chl as estimated with histamine 1 and 10 mg/ml as reference substance, respectively. Thus, this reference method for BE is valid. The precision of the SPT method with histamine HCl 1 mg/ml is not as good as with 10 mg/ml, which is therefore recommended as the reference concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1987.tb02050.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ipratropium in the Treatment of Patients with Perennial Rhinitis (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 39 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rhinorrhea is due to increased parasympathetic activity. This study was undertaken in order to study the applicability and efficacy of ipratropium, an anticholinergic drug, in patients with perennial rhinitis seen in an allergy clinic. Thirteen patients were included in the double-blind. Cross-over study following screening with methacholine test. The number of paper tissues used during the period with active drug decreased significantly. Other variables did not change significantly. Eight patients preferred the active drug. The findings of this study suggest that ipratropium brominde is a valuable addition in the treatment of patients with perennial rhinitis with rhinorrhea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1984.tb01968.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection of patients for biological standardization as exemplified by standardization of mugwort, goosefoot and English plantain pollen allergen extracts/preparations (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 42 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The biological activity of a partly purified, biochemically/immunochemically characterized mugwort pollen allergen preparation and crude pollen extracts of mugwort, goose-foot and English plantain was determined by means of skin prick test (SPT). The patient inclusion criteria with mugwort were a well-defined positive clinical history and a positive SPT. Symptoms related to goosefoot/English plantain pollens are difficult to define, as these weeds flower during the grass pollen season. Thus patients tested with these allergens did not fulfill the most important inclusion criterion for so-called biological standarization. To elicit a wheal of the same size as that produced by histamine 1 mg/ml required 100 to 10,000 times more material from these weeds, than from mugwort and other pollen allergen extracts investigated earlier. One thousand Biological Units/ml (BU/ml) corresponded to 8.3 μg dry weight (dw/ml) of the crude and 1.8 μg dw/ml of the purified mugwort pollen allergen preparation. Only 7/22 goosefoot-and English plantain-tested patients were positive at conjunctival or nasal challenge. All three weeds showed a similar composition with 5–10 allergens by CIE/CRIE analysis and 10–13 by immunoblotting analysis. One dominating allergen (approx. 15,000 d), could be identified for each weed species by protein gel blot after separation by SDS g-PAGE. There was no other explanation for the difference in biological activity than the criteria of selection. If there is no obvious clinical history, which is the main patient inclusion criterion in biological standardization, then additional criteria should be used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb00370.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Results of biological standardization with standardized allergen preparations (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 42 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of biological standardization (BS) is to equilibrate the activity (potency) of allergen extracts from different source materials. This was done by performing skin prick tests (SPT) on patients who were sensitive to one of the following 10 allergens: Birch, alder, hazel, timothy, rye grass, velvet grass, cultivated rye, mugwort, D. farinae and Cladosporium herbarum. Patient sensitivity varied within a range of diree to four powers of ten for each allergen investigated. The weal size in each patient corresponding to that elicited by histamine 1 mg/ml was calculated using the model log (mean weal diameter) = a + b log (concentration). The correlation coefficients of the regression lines of die allergen dose response relationship were found to be 〉 0.85 in most cases. The median slope for all extracts was 0.24. The slope for Cladosporium was significantly steeper than that for pollens. The amount of material in ng dry weight (d.w./ml) equal to 1000 biological units/ml (BU/ml) varied within a factor of three between species for all tested purified allergen preparations but Cladosporium. For Cladosporium, about 30 times more material was needed than for D. farinae. When using crude radier than purified material, it was necessary to use five to ten times more to elicit a reaction corresponding to 1000 BU/ml, but the difference was significant only for Cladosporium. The narrow range of allergen concentrations used by us as well as other investigators does not assure positive skin prick test results in all patients with clinical symptoms due to the allergen in question. Skin prick testing should therefore be done over a wide range of concentrations to improve the methods for BS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02368.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoselective binding of 11C-raclopride in living human brain — a search for extrastriatal central D2-dopamine receptors by PET (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 94 (1988), S. 471-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: PET ; Dopamine receptor ; Brain ; Raclopride ; Stereoisomers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The selective D2-dopamine receptor antagonist raclopride and its pharmacologically inactive (R)-enantiomer FLB472 were labelled with 11C and used in a study with positron emission tomography to examine the stereoselectivity of 11C-raclopride binding to central D2-dopamine receptors in three healthy men. After the injection of 11C-raclopride, there was a high accumulation of radioactivity in the dopamine-rich basal ganglia, whereas after the injection of 11C-FLB472 there was no such accumulation of radioactivity. Thus, the binding of 11C-raclopride is stereoselective. Distribution ratios [radioactivity in a brain region/“free” (not protein-bound) radioactivity in plasma] were calculated for the two enantiomers to study regional differences in the accumulation of radioactivity. The distribution ratios in white matter were similar for the two enantiomers. In the putamen, a three to four-fold higher distribution ratio was found for 11C-raclopride than for 11C-FLB472, reflecting the presence of specific binding of 11C-raclopride binding to D2-dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia. In the temporal and frontal cortices the distribution ratios were, however, only a few per cent higher for 11C-raclopride than for 11C-FLB472, indicating that if D2-dopamine receptors are present in the human neocortex, then their density is indeed very low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212840
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of sulpiride and chlorpromazine on regional cerebral glucose metabolism in schizophrenic patients as determined by positron emission tomography (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 97 (1989), S. 309-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Positron emission tomography ; Schizophrenia Glucose metabolism ; Chlorpromazine ; Sulpiride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to determine regional brain glucose metabolism in schizophrenic patients (n=17) before and during neuroleptic treatment. The patients had not been treated with neuroleptics for at least 3 weeks before the first study. All suffered from acute psychotic symptoms and were hospitalized to obtain neuroleptic treatment. After determination of regional brain metabolism without neuroleptic treatment, 11 patients were treated with sulpiride (800 mg/day) and 6 patients were treated with chlorpromazine (400 mg/day) over 5–6 weeks before the second PET investigation. The control group consisted of seven healthy male volunteers, also investigated twice 5 weeks apart. The PET investigation was made with the subject in a resting state. The tracer was uniformly labelled 11C-glucose. The metabolism was determined bilaterally in 15 brain regions cortical, as well as central regions. Metabolic rates differed among the groups. The sulpiride group had lower metabolic rates than the controls and the schizophrenic patients later treated with chlorpromazine. The sulpiride group, in which absolute metabolic rates were determined, were clinically more autistic and chronic than the chlorpromazine group. It was proposed that these facts could explain the lower metabolic rates in the sulpiride group. A significant change in metabolism in relation to drug treatment was only found in one brain region. The selective D2-receptor antagonist sulpiride increased the metabolic rate in the right lentiform nucleus in comparison with the patients treated with chlorpromazine and the controls. Likewise, relative metabolic rates were increased only in the right lentiform nucleus. Negative correlations between intensity of clinical symptoms and metabolism indicated that emotional tone and drive were related to brain metabolism. No correlations were found between drug concentrations and metabolism or clinical symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439443
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of theK s 0 K s 0 system produced in the reactionπ − p→K s 0 K s 0 n at 3.95 GeV/c (1980)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 6 (1980), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The reactionπ − p→K s 0 K s 0 n is studied at an incident momentum of 3.95 GeV/c using data from a high statistics bubble chamber experiment corresponding to 90 ev/μb. We measure the cross section of the reactionπ + π −→K s 0 K s 0 n in theS *(990) region and find an elasticityη 0 0 ≃0.6. The isotopic spin and production properties of theS wave in the 1.3 GeV region are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01557770
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the reactions π− p→K 0 Λ and π− p→K 0Σ0 at 3.95 GeV/c (1980)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 6 (1980), S. 283-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The reactions π− p→K 0 Λ,K 0Σ0 are studied at an incident momentum of 3.95 GeV/c using data from a high statistics bubble chamber experiment corresponding to ∼90 events/μb. The differential cross sections and hyperon polarizations are presented and compared with existing data from earlier electronic experiments. The data in the forward hemisphere are used to perform an amplitude analysis of the 0−1/2+→0−1/2+ hypercharge exchange processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01474802
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of hypercharge exchange reactions of the type 0−1/2+→2+1/2+ at 4GeV/c (1981)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 8 (1981), S. 313-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Results are presented for the quasi two-body hypercharge exchange reactions of the type 0−1/2+→2+1/2+: $$\begin{gathered} \pi ^ - p \to K^0 (1420)(\Lambda ,\sum ^0 ), \hfill \\ K^ - p \to f^0 (1270)(\Lambda ,\sum ^0 ), \hfill \\ K^ - p \to f\prime (1515)(\Lambda ,\sum ^0 ), \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ using data from two high statistics bubble chamber experiments. The total and differential cross sections are presented and compared with those obtained for the corresponding vector meson reactions and with simple phenomenological ideas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01546327
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