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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin mediators in man: effects of glucose ingestion and insulin resistance (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 557-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Inositol phosphoglycans ; non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus ; pyruvate dehydrogenase ; cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin mediators (inositol phosphoglycans) have been shown to mimic insulin action in vitro and in intact mammals, but it is not known which mediator is involved in insulin action under physiological conditions, nor is it known whether insulin resistance alters the mediator profile under such conditions. We therefore investigated the effects of glucose ingestion on changes in the bioactivity of serum inositol phosphoglycan-like substances (IPG) in healthy men and insulin resistant (obese, non-insulin-dependent diabetic) men. Two classes of mediators were partially purified from serum before and after glucose ingestion. The first was eluted from an anion exchange resin with HCl pH 2.0, and bioactivity was determined by activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase in vitro. The second was eluted with HCl pH 1.3, and bioactivity was determined by inhibition of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. In healthy men, the bioactivity of the pH 1.3 IPG was not altered by glucose ingestion, whereas bioactivity of the pH 2.0 IPG increased to approximately 120 % of the pre-glucose ingestion value at 60–240 min post-glucose ingestion (p 〈 0.05 vs pre-glucose). There was no change in either IPG after glucose ingestion in the insulin-resistant group. These data suggest that the pH 2.0 IPG plays an important role in mediating insulin's effect on peripheral glucose utilization in man under physiological conditions. The data further show, for the first time, a defective change in the bioactivity of an insulin mediator isolated from insulin-resistant humans after hyperinsulinaemia, suggesting that inadequate generation/release of IPGs is associated with insulin resistance. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 557–563]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050715
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C-peptide improves autonomic nerve function in IDDM patients (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 687-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Acceleration index ; brake index ; expiration-inspiration ratio ; diabetic polyneuropathy ; nerve conduction velocity ; quantitative somatosensory thresholds ; vibrametry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to determine the possible influence of C-peptide on nerve function, 12 insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients with symptoms of diabetic polyneuropathy were studied twice under euglycaemic conditions. Tests of autonomic nerve function (respiratory heart rate variability, acceleration and brake index during tilting), quantitative sensory threshold determinations, nerve conduction studies and clinical neurological examination were carried out before and during a 3-h i. v. infusion of either C-peptide (6 pmol · kg−1 · min−1) or physiological saline solution in a double-blind study. Plasma C-peptide concentrations increased from 0.11±0.02 to 1.73±0.04 nmol/l during C-peptide infusion. Clinical neurological examination quantitative sensory threshold evaluations and nerve conduction measurements failed to detect significant changes between C-peptide and saline study periods. Respiratory heart rate variability increased significantly from 13±1 to 20±2% during C-peptide infusion (p〈0.001), reaching normal values in five of the subjects; control studies with saline infusion did not alter the heart rate variability (basal, 14±2; saline, 15±2%). A reduced brake index value was found in seven patients and increased significantly during the C-peptide infusion period (4.6±1.0 to 10.3±2.2%, p〈0.05) but not during saline infusion (5.9±2 to 4.1±1.1%, NS). It is concluded that short-term (3-h) infusion of C-peptide in physiological amounts may improve autonomic nerve function in patients with IDDM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418540
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C-peptide improves autonomic nerve function in IDDM patients (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 687-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Acceleration index ; brake index ; expiration-inspiration ratio ; diabetic polyneuropathy ; nerve conduction velocity ; quantitative somatosensory thresholds ; vibrametry.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to determine the possible influence of C-peptide on nerve function, 12 insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients with symptoms of diabetic polyneuropathy were studied twice under euglycaemic conditions. Tests of autonomic nerve function (respiratory heart rate variability, acceleration and brake index during tilting), quantitative sensory threshold determinations, nerve conduction studies and clinical neurological examination were carried out before and during a 3-h i. v. infusion of either C-peptide (6 pmol · kg−1· min−1) or physiological saline solution in a double-blind study. Plasma C-peptide concentrations increased from 0.11 ± 0.02 to 1.73 ± 0.04 nmol/l during C-peptide infusion. Clinical neurological examination quantitative sensory threshold evaluations and nerve conduction measurements failed to detect significant changes between C-peptide and saline study periods. Respiratory heart rate variability increased significantly from 13 ± 1 to 20 ± 2 % during C-peptide infusion (p 〈 0.001), reaching normal values in five of the subjects; control studies with saline infusion did not alter the heart rate variability (basal, 14 ± 2; saline, 15 ± 2 %). A reduced brake index value was found in seven patients and increased significantly during the C-peptide infusion period (4.6 ± 1.0 to 10.3 ± 2.2 %, p 〈 0.05) but not during saline infusion (5.9 ± 2 to 4.1 ± 1.1 %, NS). It is concluded that short-term (3-h) infusion of C-peptide in physiological amounts may improve autonomic nerve function in patients with IDDM. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 687–695]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418540
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain substrate utilisation during acute hypoglycaemia (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 812-818 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Amino acids ; normal subjects ; jugular vein ; lactate ; pyruvate ; β-hydroxybutyrate.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Our study was undertaken to examine directly the utilisation of glucose and alternative substrates, in particular amino acids, during hypoglycaemia. Methods. Catheters were positioned in the jugular venous bulb and an artery in six healthy subjects in the overnight fasted state. Arterio-venous differences for glucose, amino acids, lactate and pyruvate were measured in the basal state, during hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemia and during hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. The subjects were studied on two different occasions, once during intravenous infusion of amino acids and once during infusion of saline. Results. In the basal state the fractional extraction of glucose across the brain was 10 ± 2 %, glucose uptake accounted for 106 ± 5 % of the brain's oxidative metabolism. There was a small release of lactate and pyruvate. During hyperinsulinaemia glucose uptake continued to account for the entire fuel requirement of the brain. Hyperaminoacidaemia did not result in net amino acid uptake by the brain. During hypoglycaemia (2.4 ± 0.2 mmol/l) fractional extraction of glucose by the brain increased (p 〈 0.01) and glucose uptake accounted for 90 ± 15 % of the brain's oxidative metabolism. Uptake of amino acids, lactate or pyruvate could not be detected. Conclusion/interpretation. 1) Brain fractional extraction of glucose increases during hypoglycaemia, 2) hyperinsulinaemia does not change fractional extraction of glucose by the brain, 3) augmented availability of amino acids does not result in brain amino acid uptake during euglycaemia or hypoglycaemia and 4) under the present study conditions glucose remains the major substrate for cerebral metabolism during hypoglycaemia; lactate or pyruvate uptake by the brain can not be detected. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 812–818]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051231
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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