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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RAPD linkage mapping of the shell thickness locus in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 63-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Elaeis guineensis ; RAPD ; Pseudo-testcross ; Genetic linkage map ; bulked segregant analysis ; Shell thickness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Shell thickness is an important trait in oil palm breeding programs and is the basis for the classification of the varieties of oil palm into the types dura, tenera and pisifera. This trait seems to be controlled by a single locus, with two alleles (sh + and sh −) showing codominant expression. Two single-tree linkage maps were constructed for a maternal tenera (sh + sh −) palm and for a paternal pisifera (sh − sh −) palm using the pseudo-testcross mapping strategy in combination with RAPD markers through the analysis of an F1 tenera×pisifera progeny. A total of 308 arbitrary primers were screened in a sample of eight F1 plants and 121 markers were detected in a testcross configuration. An average of 1.66 polymorphic marker per selected primer were identified in this cross. At LOD 5.0 (with some few exceptions) and θ=0.25 the maternal tenera map included a total of 48 markers distributed in 12 linkage groups or pairs of markers (449.3 cM) while the paternal pisifera map included 42 markers distributed in 15 linkage groups or pairs of markers (399.7 cM). We used RAPD and bulked segregant analysis (BSA) to identify markers more tightly linked to the sh + locus. A total of 174 new primers not previously used in the linkage analysis were screened using bulks of DNA extracted from plants selected for the contrasting shell-thickness phenotypes. Two RAPD markers (R11–1282 and T19–1046) were identified to be linked on both sides of the sh + locus on linkage group 4. The estimated map distances from sh + to R11–1282 and to T19–1046 were 17.5 cM and 23.9 cM, respectively. The results demonstrate the usefulness of RAPD markers and the pseudo-testcross mapping strategy for developing genetic linkage information, and constitute an important step towards early marker-assisted selection for shell thickness in oil palm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050009
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of RFLP and RAPD markers to estimating genetic relationships within and among cruciferous species (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 973-980 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: DNA ; RFLP ; RAPD ; Brassica ; Genetic relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers are being used widely for evaluating genetic relationships of crop germplasm. Differences in the properties of these two markers could result in different estimates of genetic relationships among some accessions. Nuclear RFLP markers detected by genomic DNA and cDNA clones and RAPD markers were compared for evaluating genetic relationships among 18 accessions from six cultivated Brassica species and one accession from Raphanus sativus. Based on comparisons of genetic-similarity matrices and cophenetic values, RAPD markers were very similar to RFLP markers for estimating intraspecific genetic relationships; however, the two marker types gave different results for interspecific genetic relationships. The presence of amplified mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA fragments in the RAPD data set did not appear to account for differences in RAPD- and RFLP-based dendrograms. However, hybridization tests of RAPD fragments with similar molecular weights demonstrated that some fragments, scored as identical, were not homologous. In all these cases, the differences occurred at the interspecific level. Our results suggest that RAPD data may be less reliable than RFLP data when estimating genetic relationships of accessions from more than one species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220804
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping loci controlling vernalization requirement and flowering time in Brassica napus (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 727-732 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Vernalization ; Days-to-flowering ; Linkage map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rapeseed cultivars (Brassica napus L.) can be classified into annual and biennial groups according to their requirement for vernalization in order to induce flowering. The genetic control of these phenotypic differences is not well understood, but this information could be valuable for the design of breeding approaches to accelerate rapeseed improvement. In order to map loci controlling this variation, a doubled haploid population, derived from a cross between annual and biennial cultivars, was evaluated for vernalization requirement and days-to-flowering in a replicated field experiment using three treatments: no vernalization, 4 weeks of vernalization and 8 weeks of vernalization. A linkage map of 132 RFLP loci was used to locate loci controlling these traits. Marker segregation in one region of linkage group 9 was strongly associated with the annual/biennial growth habit in the unvernalized treatment and with days-to-flowering in all three treatments. Two other regions with smaller effects on days-to-flowering were also identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222140
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RFLP mapping of Brassica napus using doubled haploid lines (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 89 (1994), S. 615-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; Doubled haploid ; Linkage map ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The combined use of doubled haploid lines and molecular markers can provide new genetic information for use in breeding programs. An F1-derived doubled haploid (DH) population of Brassica napus obtained from a cross between an annual canola cultivar (‘Stellar’) and a biennial rapeseed (‘Major’) was used to construct a linkage map of 132 restriction fragment length polymorphism loci. The marker loci were arranged into 22 linkage groups and six pairs of linked loci covering 1016 cM. The DH map was compared to a partial map constructed with a common set of markers for an F2 population derived from the same F1 plant, and the overall maps were not significantly different. Comparisons of maps in Brassica species suggest that less recombination occurs in B. napus (n = 19) than expected from the combined map distances of the two hypothesized diploid progenitors, B. oleracea (n = 9) and B. rapa (n=10). A high percentage (32%) of segregating marker loci were duplicated in the DH map, and conserved linkage arrangements of some duplicated loci indicated possible intergenome homoeology in the amphidiploid or intragenome duplications from the diploid progenitors. Deviation from Mendelian segregation ratios (P 〈 0.05) was observed for 30% of the marker loci in the DH population and for 24% in the F2 population. Deviation towards each parent occurred at equal frequencies in both populations and marker loci that showed deviation clustered in specific linkage groups. The DH lines and molecular marker map generated for this study can be used to map loci for agronomic traits segregating in this population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222456
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis and mapping of genes controlling freezing tolerance in oilseedBrassica (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 1 (1995), S. 329-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: Arabidopsis ; Brassica ; cold-induced ; freezing tolerance ; quantitative trait loci (QTL) ; restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Freezing tolerance is the ability of plants to survive subfreezing temperatures and is a major component of winter survival. In order to study the genetic regulation of freezing tolerance, an F2 population ofBrassica rapa and a doubled haploid population ofBrassica napus were assayedin vitro for relative freezing tolerance of acclimated and nonacclimated plants. Linkage maps developed previously were used to identify putative quantitative trait loci (QTL). Genomic regions with significant effects on freezing tolerance were not found for theB. napus population, but forB. rapa four regions were associated with acclimated freezing tolerance (FTA) and acclimation ability (FTB), and two unliked regions were associated with nonacclimated freezing tolerance (FTN). Acclimation ability was regulated by genes with very small additive effects and both positive and negative dominance effects. The allele from the winter parent at the FTN QTL had positive additive effects, but negative dominance effects. RFLP loci detected by a cold-induced and a stress-related cDNA fromArabidopsis thaliana mapped near two QTL for FTA/FTB. Further tests are needed to determine if alleles at these loci are responsible for the QTL effects we detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01248410
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggregation effects on evaporation and the air/water interface of dodecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide solutions (1998)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 276 (1998), S. 232-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Dodecyltrimethyl-ammonium hydroxide ; soluble monolayer ; air/water interface ; evaporation ; ion-selective electrodes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The system dodecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (DTAOH)–water was studied by surface tension, ion-selective electrodes and evaporation in an electrobalance. Results confirmed earlier conclusions about a stepwise aggregation mechanism in DTAOH solutions. The aggregation process started at a total concentration C T=(2.51±0.10)×10-4 mol dm-3) which probably corresponds to the formation of dimers. At C T= (1.300±0.041)×10-3 mol dm-3 there was a change in the surface and evaporation behavior, corresponding to the formation of small, fully ionized aggregates which grew with increasing concentration. At C T= (1.108±0.010)×10-2 mol dm-3 the formation of true micelles with hydroxide counterions in the Stern layer did not change significantly the evaporation and adsorption behavior. This means that between this concentration and C T=(3.02±0.28)× M28.8n10-2 mol dm-3, the changes in structure were gradual. At the latter concentration there was a sudden change in the monolayer state at the air/water interface, with a strong surfactant desorption, and a major change in evaporation behavior. The changes are compatible with the formation of few, large aggregates reducing the total concentration of kinetically independent solute units, which in turn increased the activity of the solvent. This phenomenon is in agreement with literature information. The reduction in the evaporation rate of water was mainly due to the reduction of the water activity, caused by colligative effects. The reduction of the effective area available for evaporation had only a slight effect in water evaporation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050233
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaporation rate from aerosol OT-water-n-heptane inverse micellar systems (1995)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 273 (1995), S. 439-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Surfactants ; evaporation ; inverse micelles ; microemulsions ; aerosol OT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The evaporation rate of aerosol OT-water-n-heptane inverse micellar systems was studied. The evaporation behavior of solutions was strongly affected when compared with pure heptane. The changes are related to the structure of the micelles and the properties of the water molecules dissolved in the micelles. The initial rate of evaporation reaches a maximum when the surfactant head groups are hydrated with three water molecules, a minimum when the first hydration shell of Na+ ions is completed, and then rises and stabilizes until the second hydration shell is completed. The presence of free water when the ratio water molecules to surfactant molecules exceeds 12 produces a new rise of the initial evaporation rate, which is always higher than that of puren-heptane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00656888
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of nitrogen form on the growth and nitrate concentration of lettuce (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 94 (1986), S. 3-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Ammonium ; Critical nitrate concentration ; Lettuce ; Midrib ; Nitrification inhibitor ; Nitrapyrin ; Sap test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A pot experiment with lettuce involving three N forms each at six application levels, showed that lettuce can be grown satisfactorily with a very low nitrate content when supplied with ammonium sulphate and a nitrification inhibitor. For plants growing on nitrate N, the optimum midrib sap nitrate concentration as maturity approached was about 1400 mg/1 NO3-N. Large losses of mineral N were observed from the peat medium, even in the absence of plants. A relationship is presented which would enable a lettuce grower to estimate whole-shoot nitrate concentration from a quick test of midrib sapi.e. NO3-N (mg/kg in fresh shoot) =0.14×NO3-N (mg/l in sap). Tipburn was worst at intermediate levels of applied N, and was less serious with pure ammonium nutrition than with nitrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380586
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening of Portuguese cole landraces (Brassica oleracea L.) with Peronospora parasitica and Plasmodiophora brassicae (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 67 (1993), S. 135-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: downy mildew ; clubroot ; disease resistance ; Tronchuda cabbage ; Galega kale ; Brassica oleracea ; Peronospora parasitica ; Plasmodiophora brassicae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Forty-four landraces of Portuguese coles (Brassica oleracea L.), representing different morphotypes, were screened at the cotyledon stage for downy mildew resistance, caused by Peronospora parasitica. Two isolates of the pathogen, PHW 630 and PHW 828, were used in the experiment. The mean disease interaction phenotype varied among the landraces. Overall, the Portuguese coles have shown resistance to both isolates, particularly to isolate PHW 828. Some landraces were identified with differential reaction to the two P. parasitica isolates. Some of the Portuguese coles are, therefore, good sources of resistance genes to P. parasitica, and could be used in breeding programs or in the development of a downy mildew host differential set. Among the morphotypes tested, Couve Algarvia (ISA 207), Couve Galega (ISA 243 and 187) and Couve Glória de Portugal (ISA 84) have presented the highest resistance interaction. For the development of host differential sets, the landraces ISA 2 (Penca de Mirandela), ISA 35 (Couve de Valhascos) and ISA 600 (Penca Espanhola) could be further selected for the differentiation of P. parasitica isolates. They are resistant to PHW 828 and susceptible to PHW 643. The same morphotypes and landraces were also screened at the seedling stage for resistance to clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron.. Although some variation for resistance could be noticed in some the landraces tested, mainly Galega kale types, none of them presented a sufficient level of resistance as to be directly be useful in breeding for resistance to race 6 of P. brassicae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022736
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of RFLP markers with trait loci affecting clubroot resistance and morphological characters in Brassica oleracea L. (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 69 (1993), S. 33-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Plasmodiophora brassicae ; Brassica oleracea ; broccoli ; cauliflower ; clubroot ; restriction fragment length polymorphism ; disease resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. race 7, the causal agent of the disease clubroot, was examined in an F2 population of a cross between a clubroot resistant broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and a susceptible cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis). A genetic linkage map was constructed in the same population based on the segregation of 58 dispersed restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Associations between the inheritance of RFLP marker genotypes and segregation for disease resistance, morphological and maturity characteristics were examined. For each triat examined, several chromosomal regions marked by RFLP probes appeared to contain trait loci, suggesting that each trait was under polygenic control. RFLP marker linkage to a major factor imparting dominance for clubroot resistance from the broccoli parent was observed in this population. Additionally, RFLP marker linkage to an independently segregating factor contributing clubroot resistance from the cauliflower parent was observed, indicating that it should be possible to use RFLP markers to facilitate selection of transgressive segregants having the combined resistance from both parental sources. In some instances, RFLP markers from the same or closely linked chromosomal regions were associated with both clubroot resistance and morphological traits. Analysis of RFLP marker genotypes at linked loci should facilitate the selection of desired disease resistant morphotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021723
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