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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increasing Yield of Spring Oilseed Rape Hybrids through Introgression of Winter Germplasm (1999)
    Springer
    Crop science 39 (1999), S. 1491-1496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Brassica napus L.) hybrids are generally higher if derived from crosses of more distantly related spring cultivars. Winter cultivars are genetically very distinct from spring cultivars; however, it is not practical to use them directly as parents with spring cultivars for F1 hybrids because of their noncoincident flowering times, and the excessively delayed maturity of the F1. Thus, we tested whether the introgression of winter germplasm into spring-type oilseed rape could further increase the yields of spring hybrids. Nineteen doubled-haploid lines, derived from a cross between a spring canola ('Stellar') and a winter rapeseed ('Major') cultivar, were selected based on early-flowering phenology and having a range of germplasm from Major estimated to be 21 to 74% by screening with 480 molecular marker loci. These lines were test-crossed to two spring cultivars and evaluated for yields in 1994, 1995, and 1996 in Madison or Arlington, WI. The mean yield of the experimental hybrids was higher than the yields of cultivars, inbreds, and spring by spring hybrids in every year. The oil content was similar in all categories of germplasm. A slight delay in maturity may have contributed to the yield advantage of the experimental hybrids; however, there was no significant correlation between flowering time and yield among these hybrids. This study indicates that winter rapeseed may be a valuable source of germplasm for spring hybrid breeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bean lectins (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 263-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris ; Seed protein ; Lectins ; Electrophoresis ; Agglutination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Single seeds of over 100 bean cultivars were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The cultivars could be classified into eight groups by virtue of their G2/albumin electrophoretic patterns: TG2, SG2, VG2, PrG2, BG2, MG2, PG2, and PiG2, The polypeptide compositions of these types were largely inter-related having particular polypeptides in common. It was possible to correlate the G2/albumin patterns with agglutinating activity of cow and rabbit blood cells as measured by the agglutination ratio (minimum concentration of extract required to agglutinate cow blood cells: minimum concentration of extract required to agglutinate rabbit blood cells). The active lectin polypeptides were identified by extracting lectins from agglutinated erythrocytes and by comparing the qualitative similarities and differences of the G2/albumin patterns and their agglutination activities. A reference catalogue of over 100 bean cultivars giving their phaseolin and G2/albumin electrophoretic patterns, and agglutination ratios is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276249
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bean lectins (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 361-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris ; Lectins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The relationship between the polypeptide composition and the agglutination behaviour of the lectin-containing G2/albumin protein groups has allowed the identification of the active lectin polypeptides in different cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris (Brown et al. accompanying paper). These results were used to ascertain the particular G2/albumin group contained in the various lectin sources used previously for the purification of lectin proteins. Many studies were found to have included lectin sources which contained the same G2/albumin pattern (TG2) and this common denominator has permitted the direct comparison of the properties reported for these purified lectins. Thus, much of the extensive literature on bean lectins is concurred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275105
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bean lectins (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 70 (1985), S. 22-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris ; Lectin ; Phaseolin ; Quantitative variation ; Immunoelectrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Seeds of forty bean cultivars having different lectin types based on two-dimensional isoelectric focusing-sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (IEF-SDS/PAGE) were analyzed for quantities of lectin, phaseolin and total protein. Significant differences were found among groups of cultivars with different lectin types for the quantity of lectin and phaseolin. Cultivars with more complex lectin types based on IEF-SDS/PAGE tended to have higher quantities of lectin and lower quantities of phaseolin than cultivars with simple lectin types. An association between lectin type and the quantity of lectin and phaseolin was found also in the seeds of F2 plants that segregated in a Mendelian fashion for two lectin types. Seeds from plants with the complex lectin type had more lectin and less phaseolin than seeds from plants with the simple lectin type. Therefore, the genes controlling qualitative lectin variation also may influence the quantitative variation of lectin and phaseolin. The results of this study are related to other studies on the quantitative variation for seed proteins and to the possible molecular basis for variation in the quantity of lectins in beans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264478
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of the degree of restriction fragment length polymorphism in Brassica (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1988), S. 833-840 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Brassica campestris ; Brassica oleracea ; Brassica napus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The feasibility of creating a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) linkage map in Brassica species was assessed by screening EcoRI-, HindIII-, or EcoRV-digested total genomic DNA from several accessions of B. campestris, B. oleracea, and B. napus using random genomic DNA clones from three Brassica libraries as hybridization probes. Differences in restriction fragment hybridization patterns occurred at frequencies of 95% for comparisons of accessions among species, 79% for comparisons of accessions among subspecies within species, and 70% for comparisons among accessions within subspecies. In addition, species differences in the level of hybridization were noted for some clones. The high degree of polymorphism found even among closely related Brassica accessions indicates that RFLP analysis will be a very useful tool in genetic, taxonomic, and evolutionary studies of the Brassica genus. Development of RFLP linkage maps is now in progress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00258042
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bean arcelin (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1986), S. 847-855 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris ; Seed protein ; Arcelin ; Inheritance ; Linkage ; Bruchidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Crude proteins from seeds of wild bean accessions of Mexican origin were analyzed by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS/PAGE). Several accessions had electrophoretic patterns showing unique protein bands. When analyzed by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing (IEF)-SDS/PAGE, four protein variants which had electrophoretic mobilities similar to each other but different from the other major seed proteins, phaseolin and lectin, were observed. All four variants, which have not been described in cultivated beans, were tentatively named arcelin proteins and designated as arcelin 1, 2, 3 and 4. Arcelins 3 and 4 had polypeptides that comigrated on two-dimensional gels and these variants occurred in accessions that were collected in the same location. Analysis of single F2 seeds from crosses among arcelin-containing lines and from crosses between cultivated beans lines without arcelin and arcelin-containing lines revealed that differences in arcelin polypeptide expression were inherited monogenically. The alleles for different arcelin variants were codominant to each other and dominant to the absence of arcelin. The gene(s) controlling arcelin proteins were unlinked to those controlling phaseolin expression and tightly linked to genes controlling the presence of lectin proteins (〈 0.30% recombination). The possible origins of arcelin genes and their potential role in bruchid resistance are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276428
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage arrangement of restriction fragment length polymorphism loci in Brassica oleracea (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 57-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica oleracea ; Linkage map ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Duplicate loci
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A detailed genetic linkage map of Brassica oleracea was constructed based on the segregation of 258 restriction fragment length polymorphism loci in a broccoli × cabbage F2 population. The genetic markers defined nine linkage groups, covering 820 recombination units. A majority of the informative genomic DNA probes hybridized to more than two restriction fragments in the F2 population. “Duplicate” sequences having restriction fragment length polymorphism were generally found to be unlinked for any given probe. Many of these duplicated loci were clustered non-randomly on certain pairs of linkage groups, and conservation of the relative linkage arrangement of the loci between linkage groups was observed. While these data support previous cytological evidence for the existence of duplicated regions and the evolution of B. oleracea from a lower chromosome number progenitor, no evidence was provided for the current existence of blocks of homoeology spanning entire pairs of linkage groups. The arrangement of the analyzed duplicated loci suggests that a fairly high degree of genetic rearrangement has occurred in the evolution of B. oleracea. Several probes used in this study were useful in detecting rearrangements between the B. oleracea accessions used as parents, indicating that genetic rearrangements have occurred in the relatively recent evolution of this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224016
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brassica taxonomy based on nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 79 (1990), S. 497-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica ; Molecular taxonomy ; Genome evolution ; Phylogenetic analysis ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary RFLPs were used to study genome evolution and phylogeny in Brassica and related genera. Thirtyeight accessions, including 10 accessions of B. rapa (syn. campestris), 9 cultivated types of B. oleracea, 13 nine-chromosome wild brassicas related to B. oleracea, and 6 other species in Brassica and allied genera, were examined with more then 30 random genomic DNA probes, which identified RFLPs mapping to nine different linkage groups of the B. rapa genome. Based on the RFLP data, phylogenetic trees were constructed using the PAUP microcomputer program. Within B. rapa, accessions of pak choi, narinosa, and Chinese cabbage from East Asia constituted a group distinct from turnip and wild European populations, consistent with the hypothesis that B. rapa had two centers of domestication. A wild B. rapa accession from India was positioned in the tree between European types and East Asian types, suggesting an evolutionary pathway from Europe to India, then to South China. Cultivated B. oleracea morphotypes showed monophyletic origin with wild B. oleracea or B. alboglabra as possible ancestors. Various kales constitute a highly diverse group, and represent the primitive morphotypes of cultivated B. oleracea from which cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, etc. probably have evolved. Cauliflower was found to be closely related to broccoli, whereas cabbage was closely related to leafy kales. A great diversity existed among the 13 collections of nine-chromosome wild brassicas related to B. oleracea, representing various taxonomic states from subspecies to species. Results from these studies suggested that two basic evolutionary pathways exist for the diploid species examined. One pathway gave rise to B. fruticulosa, B. nigra, and Sinapis arvensis, with B. adpressa or a close relative as the initial ancestor. Another pathway gave rise to B. oleracea and B. rapa, with Diplotaxis erucoides or a close relative as the initial ancestor. Raphanus sativus and Eruca sativus represented intermediate types between the two lineages, and might have been derived from introgression or hybridization between species belonging to different lineages. Molecular evidence for an ascending order of chromosome numbers in the evolution of Brassica and allied genera was obtained on the basis of RFLP data and phylogenetic analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226159
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brassica taxonomy based on nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 593-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica rapa ; Brassica oleracea ; Molecular taxonomy ; Phylogenetic tree ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Preliminary analysis using nuclear RFLPs provided evidence that subspecies within Brassica rapa originated from two different centers. One center is in Europe, represented by turnip and turnip rape from which the oilseed sarson was derived. A second center is in South China containing a variety of Chinese vegetables of which pak choi and narinosa seem to be the most ancient forms. Based on RFLP data, the accessions of B. oleracea examined could be divided into three distinct groups, represented by thousand head kale, broccoli and cabbage. Thousand head kale and Chinese kale appear to be the primitive types. Observations of parallel variation among subspecies of both species are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260914
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of morphological variation in Brassica oleracea using molecular markers (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 87 (1994), S. 721-732 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Brassica oleracea ; Quantitative trait loci ; Morphological variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cross between the open-pollinated Brassica oleracea cabbage cultivar ‘Wisconsin Golden Acre’ and the hybrid broccoli cultivar ‘Packman’ was used with molecular markers to investigate the genetic control of morphological variation. Twenty-two traits derived from leaf, stem, and flowering measurements were analyzed in 90 F2 individuals that were also classified for genotype by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Seventy-two RFLP loci, which covered the mapped genome at an average of 10 map-unit intervals on all nine linkage groups, were tested individually for associations to phenotypic measurements by single factor ANOVA, and markers with significant associations (P〈0.05) were used to develop multilocus models. These data were utilized to describe the location, parental contribution of alleles, magnitude of effect, and the gene action of trait loci. Single marker loci that were significantly associated (P〈0.05) with trait measurements accounted for 6.7–42.7% of the phenotypic variation. Multilocus models described as much as 60.1% of the phenotypic variation for a given trait. In some cases, different related traits had common marker-locus associations with similar gene action and genotypic class ranking. The numbers, action, and linkages, of genes controlling traits estimated with marker loci in this population corresponded to estimates based on classical genetic methods from other studies using similar, or similarly-wide, crosses. There was no evidence that genome duplication accounted for a significant portion of multiple genes controlling trait loci over the entire genome, but possible duplications of trait loci were identified for two regions with linked, duplicated marker loci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222898
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