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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 79 (1984), S. 17-26 
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: streptokinase ; coronary thrombosis ; acute myocardial infarction ; electrical coronary stimulation ; canine experiments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The thrombolytic and hemodynamic properties of intracoronary streptokinase (SK) application were studied in anin-vivo canine model with left circumflex coronary artery thrombosis, initiated by electrical stimulation (150 μA, DC for 6 h) of the artery's intima via an implanted silver wire. In pentobarbitalanesthetized, open-chest dogs acute myocardial ischemia was determined by a dehydrogenase-dependent staining of the coronary artery perfusion area. Thrombus weight was determinedpost-mortem. Saline-treated control animals developed coronary thrombosis after 3.1±0.4 h of stimulation. Thrombus weight was 64±3.1 mg. Acute infarct volume was 32±3.1% of total left ventricle, and 53±6.2% of the coronary artery risk region for infarction. At occlusive thrombosis, blood pressure, ventricular pressure and the LV dP/dtmax fell significantly, whereas heart rate and the end-diastolic filling pressure increased. Severe ST-segment elevation and loss of R wave voltage indicated myocardial ischemia. At 20 min into thrombotic vessel occlusion, 2,000 IU/min SK were infused by way of a Sonescatheter advanced to the thrombus. Coronary thrombosis consistently lysed after 12±0.7 min of SK infusion, and coronary blood flow as well as hemodynamics were restored. Only minor acute infarction was found indicating viability of ischemic jcopardized myocardium. In another group, the continuous SK-infusion (20 IU/kg/min) concomitant with electrical vessel stimulation prevented coronary thrombosis and acute ischemia, and no significant hemodynamic alterations were noted. These results indicate that intracoronary SK-infusion can lyse acute thrombosis as sequel of electrical stimulation. This prevents development of acute myocardial infarction. Continuous SK-infusion can completely prevent coronary thrombosis in response to intimal injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 1134-1138 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hemangiosarcoma ; Angiosarcoma ; Angioendothelioma ; Heart tumor ; Echocardiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The clinical appearance, typical localization, diagnostic procedure and the treatment of hemangiosarcoma — the most frequent malignant tumor of the heart are reported by the case of a 27 years old woman. The patient suffered from dyspnea, congestion of the superior caval vein and paroxysmal tachycardia. X-ray showed cardiac enlargement due to pericardial effusion. Echocardiography revealed a large tumor in the right atrium. Computertomography and angiocardiography showed tumor masses at the orifice of the superior caval vein and a bypass of the blood flow via the azygos vein. Thoracotomy yielded an inoperable hemangiosarcoma. By the combined treatment of irradiation and chemotherapy the cardiac tumor completely disappeared, the patient was temporary symptomless. Later metastases occured and the patient died 13 months after diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pest science 50 (1977), S. 152-157 
    ISSN: 1612-4766
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Studies on the distribution, bionomy and settlement of singing birds in breeding cages in the forests of Geisenfeld, South Bavaria Studies made in 1976 at 16 localities of the Geisenfeld- Forest comparing 7 types of breeding cages for birds showed the Titmice,Parus major (71.1%) to be the predominant species, followed byParus ater (15.0),Sitta europaea (4.5),Certha macrodactyla (3.1),Parus cristatus (2.4) andPhoenicurus phoenicurus (1.5), The maximal brood density was reached in localities smaller than 5 ha, probably in the consequence of the edge-effect. But in some more spacious woods a better settlement of birds was found in the middle than at the edge. Also by help of using more cages the number of broods could be raised. Comparing different types of cages the following types showed the best settlement of birds: Schwegler cage with round hole (75%), Bavarian cage with pointed gable root and oval hole (72.9) and Thüring cage with oval hole (63.2). The Trunk Looper(Certhia macrodactyla) settled nearly only the special Trunk Looper-cages. In nest boxes hanging in normal hight of about 3 m the Great Tit showed the greatest density, whereas in boxes hanging deeper, at eye level, the Coal Tit predominated. In most cases the number of eggs of the first brood was greater than such of the second. But also the mortality of broods and the number of unfinished nests were greater in the first brood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: PAF-acether ; leukotriene D4 ; indomethacin ; FPL 55712 ; vasoconstriction ; dogs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In anesthetized dogs, platelet-activating factor-acether (PAF; 0.2–1.6 μg/kg) and leukotriene (LT) D4 (0.5, 1, and 3 μg/kg) were injected into the left circumflex (LCX) coronary artery. Cardiac and systemic hemodynamics, and the ECG were continuously recorded.PAF reduced cardiac performance and affected hemodynamics in a dose-dependent manner: At 7±3s, LCX flow initially increased by 40%–172% followed by a reduction of 43%–100%, and coronary diameter (measured with ultrasonic techniques) decreased by 4%–10%. Total and late coronary resistance increased. Left ventricular (LV) systolic pressure fell by 22%–48% and LV filling pressure decreased by 5 mm Hg after 0.8 μg/kg PAF. The LVdP/dtmax diminished by 38%–47%. Peak blood pressure reduction (35%) occurred 60s after PAF application and lasted for 1.4 min. Heart rate decreased by 10%–17% at peak PAF actions. LTD 4 reduced LCX flow by 38%–87%, and coronary diameter by 5%–12%, returning to control value within 3.4 min. Blood pressure, LV pressure, and LVdP/dtmax decreased while heart rate and LV filling pressure increased. ST segments and R-wave voltage of the ECG in lead II elevated after either compound although the effects were more pronounced after LTD4. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg i.v.) pretreatment did not affect LTD4 actions on cardiohemodynamics, but the putative leukotriene antagonist FPL 55712 (1 mg/kg i.v.) blocked LTD4 actions on the heart and circulation. PAF influences on LCX flow were modified by indomethacin: initial flow rose by 250%, and coronary diameter fell by 12%, followed by sustained flow and diameter reduction during the second phase on PAF action. FPL 55712 did not affect the early flow increase after PAF but attenuated the later flow reduction, which was blocked by indomethacin. Thus, PAF and LTD4 may have effects on canine conduit arterics besides their effects on the coronary resistance vessels. The circulatory derangement after PAF may be aggravated by additional eicosanoid release. PAF and LTD4 may be involved in coronary blood flow variations and negative inotropy accompanying anaphylactic disease state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: isolated dog heart ; collateral circulation ; Prostacyclin ; Adenosine ; radioactive microspheres ; myocardial blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dogs were subjected to chronic occlusion of the left circumflex and the right coronary artery by ameroid-type constrictors 4–5 weeks before the experiments. The hearts were isolated, fibrillated and perfused with blood (100 mmHg) from a support dog. Total and regional myocardial blood flow as well as peripheral coronary pressure (circumflex artery) were determined before and during infusion of PGI2 and ASN into the isolated hearts. Both drugs increased total and regional blood flow to all parts of the myocardium in a dose-dependent manner, PGI2 being 2–3 times more potent than ASN. The perfusion pressure for the collateral-dependent myocardium, the peripheral coronary pressure, decreased following high doses of both drugs. For PGI2 a dose level existed where total flow was increased, while peripheral coronary pressure remained unaffected. After termination of the infusion of PGI2, peripheral coronary pressure rose above predrug level with the total blood flow still being elevated. These findings indicate a PGI2-induced dilatation of collateral vessels. In general, the hemodynamic profile within the isolated hearts and the support dogs was characterized by the pronounced vasodilatory effects of PGI2 on arterioles. However, these effects did not deteriorate further the nonhomogenous blood flow distribution in the collateralized portions of the myocardium. The findings suggest that PGI2 is not a specific coronary vasodilator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 81 (1986), S. 40-53 
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: prostacyclin ; sudden cardiac death ; ventricular fibrillation ; coronary thrombosis ; canine experiments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antifibrillatory, antithrombotic and hemodynamic properties of intraventricular prostacyclin (PGI2) application were studied in a conscious canine model of sudden cardiac death. In anesthetized dogs, a wire electrode was implanted into the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) and acute myocardial ischemia was produced by 90 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) followed by reperfusion. An intracardiac pressure transducer measured ventricular pressure, heart rate, filling pressure and dP/dt. The ECG was obtained from subcutaneous chest needles. Six days later while in ambulatory state, a 180 μA DC current was applied for 4 h to the LCX intimal lining in Tris-HCl (n=10) and PGI2-treated dogs (50 and 100 ng/kg/min, 11 and 12 dogs, respectively). Myocardial injury and coronary thrombosis induced by electrical stimulation produced ventricular fibrillation in all vehicle-treated dogs at 145±33 min (mean±S.D.). In PGI2-treated hearts only 2 animals fibrillated at 150±29 min and 180±52 min following 50 and 100 ng/kg/min of the prostanoid, respectively. Thus, 18/23 PGI2-treated dogs survived 4h electrical stimulation of the artery. Within the LAD perfusion zone infarction was observed of equal volumes in vehicle and PGI2-treated animals. No ischemia occurred distal to the LCX coronary thrombosis. Ventricular pressure fell in all groups. Heart rate increased in the controls and those animals treated with 50 ng/kg/min PGI2 while 100 ng/kg/min PGI2 increased heart rate by 22±5% (p〈0.05). Filling pressure increased in controls but fell in the PGI2-treated hearts. The results indicate that PGI2 can prevent ventricular fibrillation resulting from acute ischemia at a site distant to previous myocardial ischemia with superimposed intimal injury and coronary thrombosis. The PGI2 properties are due to prevention of coronary thrombosis and the occlusion of the artery. Antifibrillatory effects of the prostanoids are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 77 (1982), S. 270-277 
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: molsidomine ; coronary circulation ; myocardial oxygen consumption ; canine experiments ; anesthetized dogs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An narkotisierten, thorakotomierten Hunden wurden die Wirkungen der intravenös verabreichten antianginösen Substanz Molsidomin auf den Koronarkreislauf, den myokardialen Sauerstoffverbrauch und auf hämodynamische Parameter untersucht. Der mittlere Fluß in der linken Koronararterie wurde gesenkt, während der Koronarwiderstand und die arterio-koronarvenöse Sauerstoffdifferenz unbeeinflußt blieben. Der Sauerstoffverbrauch des Herzens wurde signifikant vermindert. Die Schlagarbeit des Herzens nahm ebenfalls ab. Molsidomin verringerte außerdem langanhaltend und dosisabhängig den Aortendruck, den linksventrikulären Druck (afterload), den ventrikulären enddiastolischen Füllungsdruck sowie den mittleren Druck in der Pulmonalarterie (preload). Die Herzfrequenz und Kontraktilität des Herzens wurden nur unwesentlich verändert. Schlagvolumen und Herzzeitvolumen nahmen signifikant ab, während der periphere Gesamtwiderstand nach 0,25 mg/kg Molsidomin leicht anstieg. Alle beobachteten Molsidominwirkungen können durch extrakardiale Effekte erklärt werden: einen Anstieg der venösen Kapazität. Direkte Wirkungen von Molsidomin auf die Herzfunktion konnten nicht beobachtet werden. Die Abnahme des Aortendruckes wurde nicht durch Dilatation peripher-arteriolärer Gefäße hervorgerufen, sondern beruhte auf der Abnahme des Herzminutenvolumens als Folge der verminderten venösen Ventrikelfüllung. Molsidomin verbesserte das Verhältnis von Sauerstoffangebot und-bedarf, indem die äußere Herzarbeit verringert wurde, was dann den myokardialen Sauerstoffverbrauch senkte.
    Notes: Summary The intravenous effects of molsidomine on the coronary circulation, myocardial oxygen consumption, and hemodynamics were investigated in anesthetized, openchest dogs. Left coronary artery flow was reduced after drug administration, while coronary resistance remained unaffected. The coronary arteriovenous oxygen difference did not change after molsidomine. Myocardial oxygen consumption was significantly reduced. Stroke work of the heart was diminished. Molsidomine caused a dose-dependent decrease in aortic and left ventricular pressures (after-load) as well as a sustained fall in left ventricular end-diastolic and mean pulmonary artery pressures (preload). Heart rate and contractility were only moderately affected. Stroke volume and cardiac output decreased significantly for the experimentation time, while total peripheral resistance increased after 0.25 mg/kg molsidomine. All observed effects of the drug can be explained by extracardiac effects: an increase in venous capacity. No direct effects of molsidomine on myocardial function could be noted. The fall in blood pressure was not induced by vasodilatation of peripheral arteriolar vessels but occurred as sequel of the reduced cardiac output following decreased ventricular filling. Molsidomine improved the oxygen supply-demand balance by decreasing external work of the heart and hence myocardial oxygen demand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 78 (1983), S. 266-280 
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: nafazatrom ; canine experiments ; coronary artery thrombosis ; hemodynamic determinants ; myocardial ischemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die In-vivo-Wirkungen der neuen antithrombotischen Substanz Nafazatrom auf die Koronararterienthrombose des Ramus circumflexus der linken Koronararterie des Hundeherzens wurden an narkotisierten, thorakotomierten Tieren untersucht. Die Koronarthrombose wurde durch elektrische Reizung der Arterienintima (150μA Gleichstrom für 6 Stunden) erzeugt. Die Effekte der prophylaktischen Gabe von 1%iger Tylosesuspension und von 5 mg/kg Nafazatrom in Tylosesuspension wurden untersucht. Beide Substanzen wurden oral zweimal pro Tag vor Beginn der elektrischen Reizung verabreicht. In den Kontrollen verursachte die sich entwikkelnde Koronarthrombose massive hämodynamische Veränderungen: Blutdruck, linker Ventrikeldruck und das LV dP/dtmax als Maß für die isovolumische Kontraktilität fielen ab, während der linksventrikuläre enddiastolische Füllungsdruck und die Herzfrequenz anstiegen. Unter Nafazatrombehandlung verzögerte sich der komplette Arterienverschluß von 3,1±0,4 Stunden in den Kontrollen auf 5,2±1,1 Stunden (p〈0,05). Geringerer Blutdruck und LV dP/dtmax-Abfall sowie geringere Füllungsdruck- und Herzfrequenzsteigerungen deuteten auf kardioprotektive Nafazatromwirkungen hin. Geringere R-Zacken und S-T-Segment-Steigerungen deuteten auf eine geringere myokardiale Ischämie hin (24±0,5% vs. 72±7% S-T-Segment-Steigerung zur Zeit des thrombotischen Verschlusses, p〈0,01). Das Thrombusfeuchtgewicht betrug 18,4±2,6 mg in der Nafazatromgruppe und 63,7±3,1 mg in den Kontrollen (p〈0,02). Aus diesem Grunde war der Infarkt in der Nafazatromgruppe kleiner, und zwar in bezug auf das linke Ventrikelgewicht (8,4±1,4% vs. 32,3±3,1%, p〈0,02) als auch auf das Perfusionsgebiet der verschlossenen Koronararterie als Infarktrisikogebiet (16±3,4% vs. 53±6,2%, p〈0,05). Nafazatrom zeigte keine Wirkung auf die Kollagen-induzierte Thrombozytenaggregation ex vivo. Die geschilderten Nafazatromwirkungen lassen vermuten, daß die Substanz die akute koronare Herzkrankheit als Folge der Koronarthrombose und myokardialen Ischämie günstig beeinflussen könnte. Auch zur Behandlung des Koronarspasmus als Folge lokaler Thromboxanfreisetzung könnte Nafazatrom geeignet sein.
    Notes: Summary The in-vivo effects of the new antithrombotic compound nafazatrom on experimental thrombosis of the left circumflex coronary artery, on hemodynamics and on ultimate infarct size were studied in pentobarbital-anesthetized, open-chest dogs. Coronary artery thrombosis was induced by low amperage stimulation (150 μA, DC for 6 hr) of the circumflex artery intimal lining. The effects of oral pretreatment of 1%-Tylose suspension as drug diluent and 5 mg/kg nafazatrom plus vehicle were determined. Both agents were administered twice a day before onset of current stimulation. In the drug vehicle group, coronary thrombosis caused severe hemodynamic alterations, e.g. blood pressure and left ventricular pressure decrease, as well as reduction in the LV dP/dtmax associated with increases in end-diastolic filling pressure and heart rate. Time to coronary artery occlusion was delayed by nafazatrom (5.2±1.1 vs 3.1±0.4 hr, p〈0.05). Smaller blood pressure and LV dP/dtmax reductions and minor heart rate and filling pressure increases around the time of thrombus formation suggested cardioprotection with the drug. Smaller R wave changes and S-T segment elevation indicated minor ischemia at the time ofocclusive coronary artery occlusion in nafazatrom-treated hearts (24±0.5 vs 72±7% ST segment elevation, p〈0.01). Thrombus wet weight was 18.4±2.6 mg in the nafazatrom group, but 63.7±3.1 mg in controls (p〈0.01). Thus, ultimate infarct size was smaller in nafazatrom-treated hearts as related to left ventricular mass (8.4±1.4 vs 32.3±3.1%, p〈0.02) or to the occluded artery perfusion area at risk for infarction (16±3.4 vs 53±6.2%, p〈0.05). No ex-vivo effect of nafazatrom on collagen-induced platelet aggregation was observed. These results may indicate efficacy of the drug in prevention of acute coronary artery disease as one cause of ischemic jeopardy of the myocardium and/or therapeutic value in coronary artery spasm.
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