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  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tachykinins play an important role in peripheral inflammatory diseases and disorders of the CNS. Most members of the tachykinin family are generated by alternative post-transcriptional splicing of the prepro-tachykinin (PPT) A gene. Here, we examined the simultaneous expression of PPT-A splice variants in individual neurones of the nodose ganglion. In extracts of ganglia, the expression of the four PPT-A mRNA splice variants and their four encoded peptides was shown by RT–PCR and combined HPLC and radioimmunoassay respectively. In order to examine prepro-tachykinin A expression in individual cells, single neurones were isolated from the ganglia using laser-assisted microdissection and processed for RT–PCR. Some 31.9% of the neurones investigated expressed a specific PPT-A transcript. Each individual neurone was found to express only a single splice variant. This is the first study to analyse the differential expression of PPT-A splice variants at the single-cell level. In view of the large number of alternatively spliced genes in the human genome and the resulting profound physiological effects, including several diseases, the technique described here is useful for isolating cells without possible confounding effects of dissociated neuronal cultures. For PPT-A, the results indicate that alternative post-transcriptional splicing determines the tachykinergic phenotype and may therefore have important functional implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 805 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 29 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  In situ hybridization techniques allow a cell-type-specific messenger RNA (mRNA) analysis in complex tissues such as human skin.Methods: To evaluate both the expression of mRNA and protein within the same tissue section, we developed a protocol of combined non-radioactive in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for use in dermatohistopathology. To validate the technique, we assessed the distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) protein and its receptor, VPAC2 mRNA, in human skin samples.Results: Simultaneous detection of VPAC2 mRNA and VIP immunoreactivity led to abundant staining for both signals in a variety of cell types. There was marked staining for VPAC2 mRNA in epidermal cells, with most pronounced hybridization signals found in keratinocytes of the basal layer and in glandular cells surrounded by VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibers. Hair follicle cells next to VIP-positive fibers also exhibited hybridization signals. Specific staining was also detected in endothelial and mononuclear cells. The findings of simultaneous in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were identical to results obtained by the single application of both methods.Conclusions:  The combination of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry appears to be a promising technique to assess the expression of both protein and mRNA in skin samples and may be used for various purposes in experimental and clinical dermatopathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Crassulacean acid metabolism ; Carbon dioxide fixation ; Circadian rhythm ; Kalanchoë
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 14CO2 was applied repeatedly at 3- to 6-h intervals toKalanchoë daigremontiana leaves during continuous light of differing irradiances. The circadian rhythm in net CO2 uptake in gasexchange measurements and its disappearance at high irradiances was confirmed by oscillating rates of14CO2 incorporation. At 10–30 W m-2 a markedly circadian oscillation in the14CO2-uptake rate was measured; with increasing energy fluence rate the oscillation levelled off at a constant high uptake rate. The labelling patterns obtained during the 10 min of14CO2 fixation indicated that the rhythm of CO2 exchange is the consequence of a rhythmic behaviour in the C4 pathway of CO2 fixation. During the mininum of14CO2 uptake no C4 products were labelled; however, substantial amounts of label were transferred to C4 products during the peaks of14CO2 uptake. Metabolism of C3 and C4 products was also studied in pulsechase experiments at different points of the circadian cycle. In bright light (100 W m-2), when the14CO2 uptake was constantly high, the transfer of label into C4 products (malic acid) was high in spite of the fact that the malate pool is known to be reduced to a permanently low level under these conditions. This led us to the conclusion that it is not the capacity of the phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxylase-mediated CO2 fixation but rather the storage of malic acid in the vacuole that is disturbed under bright-light conditions when the circadian oscillation levelled off.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Keywords. Silsesquioxanes; Organotin(IV) compounds; Mößbauer spectroscopy; Organohafnium(IV) compounds; X-Ray crystallography.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung.  Vier Komplexe von Silsesquioxanen mit Di- und Triorganozinn(IV)-Kationen wurden hergestellt; ihre Zusammensetzung wurde mit analytischen und spektroskopischen Standardmethoden bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß in den gebildeten Komplexen Organozinneinheit und Ligand im Verhältnis von 1:1 vorhanden sind. FTIR-Spektren stehen im Einklang mit dem Auftreten von Sn*O-Schwingungen in den Verbindungen. Die Struktur der Komplexe wird auf der Grundlage von Mößbauer-Spektren und multinuklearen NMR-Experimenten (1H, 13C, 119Sn, 29Si) diskutiert. Ein Vergleich der experimentell beobachteten Quadrupolaufspaltung (QS) mit nach dem Konzept der partiellen Quadrupolaufspaltung (PQS) berechneten Werten ergab sowohl für die mit dem Dialkyzinn(IV)-Kation gebildeten Komplexe als auch für die Trialkylderivate eine regelmäßige tetraedrische Struktur. Ein neues Organohafniumsilsesquioxanderivat ([Cy 7Si7O12Hf(C5Me5)], Cy=Cyclohexyl, 5) wurde durch Umsetzung von [Cy 7Si7O9(OH)3] mit (C5Me5)HfMe3 unter Abspaltung von Methan hergestellt; seine Molekülstruktur wurde mittels Röntgenstrukturanalyse bestimmt.
    Notes: Summary.  Four complexes of silsesquioxanes with di- and triorganotin(IV) cations have been prepared; their composition was determined by standard analytical and spectroscopic methods. The results show that complexes containing an organotin(IV) moiety and the ligand in a 1:1 ratio are formed. FTIR spectra are consistent with the presence of Sn*O vibrations in the compounds. The structure of the complexes is discussed on the basis of Mößbauer and multinuclear (1H, 13C, 119Sn, and 29Si) NMR spectroscopic measurements. Comparison of the experimental quadrupole splitting (QS) with that calculated on the basis of the partial quadrupole splitting (PQS) concept revealed that the complexes formed with dialkyltin(IV) cations as well as the trialkyl derivatives have a regular tetrahedral structure. A new organohafnium silsesquioxane derivative ([Cy 7Si7O12Hf(C5Me5)], Cy=cyclohexyl, 5), was prepared by treatment of [Cy 7Si7O9(OH)3] with (C5Me5)HfMe3 under elimination of methane. The molecular structure of 5 was determined by X-ray crystallography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The prominent features in the molecular structure of the title compound (alternative name: 2-diethylcarbamoyl-1,1,3,3-tetraoxo-1,3,2-benzodithiazole), C11H14N2O5S2, arise in the urea moiety S2N—C(O)—N′C2: the sum of the angles at N is 332.3 (1)°, the N—C(O)—N′C2 unit is planar, and distances N—C(O) = 1.494 (3) Å, N′—C(O) = 1.325 (2) Å and C—O = 1.215 (2) Å. The molecules are associated via five C—H...O hydrogen bonds to form layers parallel to the yz plane. This compound and its dimethyl homologue, which were synthesized by treating the silver salt of o-benzenedisulfonimide with carbamoyl chlorides, are prone to rapid hydrolysis at the weak N—C(O) bond. For both molecules, the rotational barrier about the partial N′—C(O) double bond is ca 50 kJ mol−1 at 250 K (from dynamic 1H NMR experiments).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1042-7163
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The oxidation of the 1,3-diaza-4,6-diphosphorine 1 with tetrachloroorthobenzoquinone 2 led, unexpectedly, to the formation of 1,5-dimethyl-2,2-bis(dimethyl-amino)-4,4,4,4-bis-(tetrachloro-o-phenylenedioxa)-1,5-diaza-2,4-λ4, λ6-diphosphorinane-6-one 4, containing two phosphorus atoms of opposite formal charge and different coordination number. The X-ray crystal structure analysis of 4 revealed the presence of a six-membered ring with an unusual conformation.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 1103-1110 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Amines ; Aurophilicity ; Gold ; Hydrogen bonds ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Various gold(I) complexes of aliphatic amines have been prepared by the reaction of chloro(tetrahydrothiophene)gold(I) with the respective amines. The stability of these complexes can be attributed partly to the formation of hydrogen bonds involving the N-H functions, and partly to aurophilic interactions. Analysis of these secondary contacts suggests an inverse correlation between lengths of aurophilic interactions and hydrogen bonds.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Powder-metallurgical components in process engineering. Applications of structural parts made by powder metallurgy can be found in nearly all kinds of industries, especially the automotive industry, and the electrical and electronics industry. This paper describes applications of porous P/M materials for chemical technologies. Quite well known are sintered metal filter elements of different sizes in the form of tubes, plates, and cartridges. Porous P/M materials can also be used as flame resistors and silencers, for the dispersion of gases in liquids, for drying processes, and for homogenisation of various products. Almost all technically interesting alloys are available for these elements. New applications for porous metal structures are under development for the use of catalytically active reactor beds in solid bed reactors. It was found that some reactor bed materials are themselves active as catalysts. In such a reactor, the temperature gradient is very small, so that chemical reactions can be controlled much more efficiently.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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