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Differential thermal analysis of the Si-Sio"2 system

Brewer, L. ; Frank T., G.

Amsterdam : Elsevier

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 2 (1957), S. 286-288

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ISSN: 0022-3697

Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-3697(57)90073-2

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Prehensile atraumatic grasper with intuitive ergonomics (1997)

Frank, T. G. ; Cuschieri, A.

Springer

Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 11 (1997), S. 1036-1039

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ISSN: 1432-2218

Keywords: Key words: Atraumatic — Laparoscopy — Endoscopy — Instrumentation — Graspers

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract Background: Minimal access surgery (MAS) procedures that require tissue to be grasped are impeded by the design of current instruments. The use of graspers and forceps can result in tissue damage and is highly inappropriate when handling larger organs such as the bowel, liver, and spleen. In addition, current instruments have unnatural handling characteristics. A new type of tissue grasper is presented as a solution to these problems. Methods: The new grasper design was evolved through a process of setting basic requirements and proceeding through cycles of design, construction, evaluation, and redesign. Results: The main features of the new device are prehensile grasping by finger-like jaws, which retain tissue by `capture,' and a novel handle design with intuitive ergonomics. The jaws are interchangeable to suit differing surgical tasks and the handle and trigger mechanism are designed so that the surgeon's forefinger movement mirrors the instrument jaw action. The grasper has been used in 32 MAS procedures with no indications of trauma. Conclusions: A grasper that functions by capture has been demonstrated to be an effective solution for atraumatic tissue handling during many MAS procedures.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004649900521

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Rocker handle for endoscopic needle drivers (1999)

Emam, T. A. ; Frank, T. G. ; Hanna, G. B. ; [et al.]

Springer

Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 13 (1999), S. 658-661

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ISSN: 1432-2218

Keywords: Key words: Ergonomics — Intracorporeal knotting — Motion analysis — Needle drivers — Rocker handle

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract Background: The design of the handle on instruments for endoscopic surgery determines comfort and efficiency of use by the surgeon. This applies particularly to needle drivers. Methods: A novel rocker handle was designed to provide holding comfort and intuitive function. This rocker handle was compared with a finger-loop handle in a study involving 10 surgeons who tied a total of 360 intracorporeal surgeons' knots in a random sequence. The end points in this study were the execution time, knot quality, and motion analysis parameters of the surgeon's elbow and shoulder joints. Results: Intracorporeal surgeon's knots tied with the rocker-handle driver exhibited a better knot quality, although this was not significant (p= 0.097). A significant improvement in the knot quality score (KQS) was observed between the first and the second sessions (p= 0.045) with the rocker handle, whereas no significant learning effect was observed for the finger-loop handle. During intracorporeal knot tying, the angular velocity at the elbow and shoulder joints was consistently lower with the rocker handle, suggesting that more controlled movements are enacted by the surgeon with this handle. Discomfort from finger-loop pressure on the thumb was reported by 3 of 10 surgeons with the finger-loop handle, whereas no discomfort was reported for the rocker handle. Conclusions: The new rocker handle improves the quality of task performance by eliminating discomfort and reducing angular velocities at the shoulder and elbow joints during use.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004649901068

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Puncture forces of solid organ surfaces (2000)

Carter, F. J. ; Frank, T. G. ; Davies, P. J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 14 (2000), S. 783 -786

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ISSN: 1432-2218

Keywords: Key words: Liver — Puncture force — Spleen — Surgical technique

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract Background: In this experimental study, we measured the force needed to puncture the liver (low elastin) and the spleen (high elastin). The surface displacement preceding puncture was also measured. These data are relevant to an understanding of surgical technique and are essential to the development of electronic surgical simulators. Methods: Controlled puncture experiments were performed on intact organs harvested from pigs and sheep, as well as on their surface capsules following removal and suspension at zero strain and at three increasing levels of prestrain. The biomechanical data were compared with information obtained from histological studies. Results: The spleen has a higher puncture force than the liver and suffers greater displacement before puncture (p 〈 0.05). Prestrain decreases displacement before puncture (p 〈 0.05) but has no effect on puncture force. Conclusion: The higher puncture force and displacement of spleen, as compared with liver, is probably due to its higher elastin content.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004640000165

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Shape Memory Alloy Fixator System for Suturing Tissue in Minimal Access Surgery (1999)

Xu, W. ; Frank, T. G. ; Stockham, G. ; [et al.]

Springer

Annals of biomedical engineering 27 (1999), S. 663-669

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ISSN: 1573-9686

Keywords: Finite element modelling ; Suturing ; Endoscopy

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine , Technology

Notes: Abstract A new technique for suturing human tissue is described in which tissue closure is achieved by means of small fixators made from shape memory alloy. The aim of the development is to provide an alternative to thread suturing in minimal access surgery, which is quicker and requires less skill to achieve the required suturing quality. The design of the fixators is described in terms of the thermal shape recovery of shape memory alloy and a novel form of finite element analysis, which uses a nonlinear elastic element for the material property. Thermal analysis of the fixators and surrounding tissue is used to predict the temperature distribution during and after the application of electric current heating. This was checked in an in vitro experiment, which confirmed that deployment caused no detectable collateral damage to surrounding tissue. In vivo animal studies on the use of the shape memory alloy fixator for suturing tissue are ongoing to establish safety and healing effects. © 1999 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC99: 8719Pp, 8768+z, 8780Rb

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1114/1.216

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