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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Why Do Autistic Individuals Show Superior Performance on the Block Design Task? (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 34 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract— Systematic variations of the block design task were given to 20 autistic, 33 normal and 12 mildly retarded subjects Designs were contrasted which were either “whole” or segmented, rotated or un rotated, and which did or did not contain obliques. Only segmentation, but neither of the spatial orientation factors, revealed a significant group difference. Autistic subjects, regardless of age and ability, performed better than controls when presented with un segmented designs. This result suggests that they need less of the normally required effort to segment a gestalt, and thus supports the hypothesis of weak central coherence as a characteristic of information processing in autism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02095.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AN ISLET OF ABILITY IN AUTISTIC CHILDREN: A RESEARCH NOTE (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 24 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: An aspect of cognitive functioning in autistic children was investigated by comparing their performance on the Children's Embedded Figures Test with that of MA-matched normal and MA-and CA-matched mentally retarded non-autistic children. The autistic children were significantly more competent at this task than either group of control children, and also showed qualitatively different strategies. Since the performance of the autistic children was better than predicted from MA and commensurate with CA, it can be regarded as an islet of ability. This finding is discussed in terms of orientation and visualization factors involved in visuo-spatial abilities and is also related to cognitive deficit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00137.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SPELLING DIFFICULTIES (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 19 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1978.tb00470.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SPECIFIC MOTOR DISABILITIES IN DOWNS SYNDROME (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 15 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Children with Down's syndrome (Mongolism) were compared with severely subnormal autistic children and with normal children on two simple motor tasks: pursuit rotor tracking and finger tapping. Although the groups were matched on initial tracking performance, Down's syndrome children failed to show any improvement after a 5 min rest, while both comparison groups showed a very marked improvement. Furthermore, in the finger tapping task, Down's syndrome children were abnormally slow compared to the other groups. Neither the level of mental development nor the degree of general mental retardation can account for these deficits. It is hypothesised that Down's syndrome is associated with specific difficulties in using long term motor programmes and that mongol children may therefore be dependent on simple feedback processes to perform motor tasks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1974.tb01253.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emanuel Miller lecture: Confusions and controversies about Asperger syndrome (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 45 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Background:  Hans Asperger drew attention to individuals who show the core symptoms of autism in the presence of high verbal intelligence.Methods:  A review of the literature explores current issues concerning the diagnosis and nature of Asperger syndrome.Results:  The behavioural and neurophysiological evidence to date suggests that Asperger syndrome is a variant of autism typically occurring in high-functioning individuals, and not a separate disorder. One of the problems of diagnosis is that the typical impairment of social communication may be difficult to identify in early childhood, and can be camouflaged in adulthood by compensatory learning. The range and nature of the social impairments in Asperger syndrome are still in need of investigation, but appear to be less severe than in autism. Experimental evidence suggests that individuals with Asperger syndrome may lack an intuitive theory of mind (mentalising), but may be able to acquire an explicit theory of mind. Brain imaging studies pinpoint a network that links medial prefrontal and temporal cortex as the neural substrate of intuitive mentalising. This network shows reduced activation and poor connectivity in Asperger syndrome. While some individuals with Asperger syndrome have written eloquently about their lives, their ability to talk about their own emotions appears to be impaired (alexithymia). This impairment may be linked to depression and anxiety, which is common in adulthood. Little is as yet known about the often considerable cognitive strengths in Asperger syndrome, or about the difficulties observed in higher-level executive skills.Conclusions:  Studies are needed that define the developmental course of the disorder and the nature of the strengths and weaknesses in both social and non-social domains. This requires more sensitive assessment instruments than are currently available. Questions about the prevalence of Asperger syndrome, about associated and secondary features, and about optimal education and management, urgently call for such studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00262.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between motor control and phonology in dyslexic children (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 44 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Background: The goal of this study was to investigate the automaticity/cerebellar theory of dyslexia. We tested phonological skills and cerebellar function in a group of dyslexic 8–12-year-old children and their matched controls. Tests administered included the Phonological Assessment Battery, postural stability, bead threading, finger to thumb and time estimation.Results: Dyslexic children were found to be significantly poorer than the controls at all tasks but time estimation. About 77% of dyslexics were more than one standard deviation below controls in phonological ability, and 59% were similarly impaired in motor skills. However, at least part of the discrepancy in motor skills was due to dyslexic individuals who had additional disorders (ADHD and/or DCD). The absence of evidence for a time estimation deficit also casts doubt on the cerebellar origin of the motor deficiency. About half the dyslexic children didn't have any motor problem, and there was no evidence for a causal relationship between motor skills on the one hand and phonological and reading skills on the other.Conclusion: This study provides partial support for the presence of motor problems in dyslexic children, but does not support the hypothesis that a cerebellar dysfunction is the cause of their phonological and reading impairment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00157
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phonological Processing Skills of Dyslexic Students in Higher Education: A Preliminary Report (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Journal of research in reading 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9817
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Education
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9817.00018
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrusion of orthographic knowledge on phoneme awareness: Strong in normal readers, weak in dyslexic readers (1996)
    New York : Cambridge University Press
    Applied psycholinguistics 17 (1996), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-7164
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Psychology
    Notes: In three typical phonological awareness tasks it was found that children with normal reading development sometimes give responses that are based on orthographic rather than phonological information. In dyslexic children, the number of occurrences of such orthographic intrusions was significantly lower. This effect cannot be explained by positing a lower degree of orthographic knowledge in dyslexic children since a group of younger children who had the same spelling level as the dyslexics also showed more orthographic intrusions. A plausible explanation for this difference between normal and dyslexic readers is that, in normal readers, phonological and orthographic representations of words are so closely connected that they are usually coactivated, even if such a coactivation is misleading. In dyslexics this connection is less strong, so that orthographic representations interfere less with phonemic segmentation. The relevance of this finding with respect to recent assumptions about the importance of phonology in establishing orthographic representations is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0142716400009437
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deception and Sabotage in Autistic, Retarded and Normal Children (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 33 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract We investigated autistic, mentally retarded, and normal children's ability to deceive or obstruct an opponent. When required to tell a lie (saying that a box was locked) autistic children performed significantly worse than their controls, taking into account mental age, However, they readily prevented a competitor from gaining a reward by physical manipulation (locking a box). Their success on sabotage demonstrated that failure failure on deception was not due to an inability to understand the task. Performance on deception was predicted by performance on a false belief attribution task. The present findings confirm that autistic children have a specific deficit in understanding and manipulating beliefs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00893.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE MOTOR DEFICIT IN DOWN'S SYNDROME CHILDREN: A PROBLEM OF TIMING? (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 22 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Down's Syndrome and non-D S. children matched on MA and CA, performed continuous tracking and drawing tasks. Normal children performed the main tracking task. There were no differences between the groups on the spatial aspects of the tasks. On temporal components normal children were better on all measures. The D.S children were also poorer than retarded controls, showing more undershooting at comers, more problems in keeping up with the moving pattern, and were almost totally unable to continue the pattern without a model on the still moving paper following a five-minute practice Session-. Findings are discussed in terms of a specific motor programming deficit in D.S children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1981.tb00549.x
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